List of Presidents of Syria

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politics and government of
Syria
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This is a list of Presidents of Syria since 1920.

Keys

Meaning
Acting president.
National Bloc
Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Military
Arab Liberation Movement
National Union
People's Party
Syrian Regional Branch (Ba'ath Party)
Syrian Regional Branch (Syrian Ba'ath Party)

Presidents

Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
1 Subhi Barakat
(1883–1939)
28 June 1922 21 December 1925 Independent
François Pierre-Alype
(1853–1932)
9 February 1926 28 April 1926 Independent
2
Ahmad Nami
(1840–1928)
28 April 1926 15 February 1928 Independent
Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
15 February 1928 14 May 1930 Independent
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
14 May 1930 19 November 1931 Independent
Léon Solomiac
(1873–1960)
19 November 1931 11 June 1932 Independent
3 Muhammad Ali al-Abid
(1867–1939)
11 June 1932 21 December 1936 Independent
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
21 December 1936 7 July 1939 National Bloc
5 Bahij al-Khatib
(1895–1981)
10 July 1939 4 April 1941 Independent
Khalid al-Azm
(1903–1965)
4 April 1941 16 September 1941 Independent
6 Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(1885–1943)
16 September 1941 17 January 1943 Independent Hasani died in office.[1]
Jamil al-Ulshi
(1883–1951)
17 January 1943 25 March 1943 Independent
7 Ata al-Ayyubi
(1877–1951)
25 March 1943 17 August 1943 Independent
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
17 August 1943 24 October 1945 National Bloc
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
24 October 1945 29 March 1949 National Bloc /
National Party
Quwatli was ousted from power on 29 March 1949 by Husni al-Za'im, his Chief of Staff.[2]
9 Husni al-Za'im
(1897–1949)
30 March 1949 14 August 1949 Syrian Social Nationalist Party Za'im was overthrown by a military coup in 1949 led by Adib Shishakli, he was later executed on the orders of the new government.[3]
10 Sami al-Hinnawi
(1898–1950)
14 August 1949 15 August 1949 Military
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
15 August 1949 2 December 1951 National Party
Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964)
2 December 1951 3 December 1951 Syrian Social Nationalist Party
11 Fawzi Selu
(1905–1972)
3 December 1951 11 July 1953 Military
12 Adib Shishakli
(1909–1964)
11 July 1953 25 February 1954 Arab Liberation Movement Shishakli resigned from office because of threats of a coup in 1954.[4] He fled the country, claiming that he did not want the country to fall into a civil war.[4]
Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998)
25 February 1954 28 February 1954 Independent
4 Hashim al-Atassi
(1875–1960)
28 February 1954 6 September 1955 National Party
8 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1891–1967)
6 September 1955 22 February 1958 National Party
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
13 Gamal Abdel Nasser
(1918–1970)
22 February 1958 29 September 1961 National Union
Portrait Name
(Birth–Death)
Took office Left office Political party Note(s)
Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1914–1998)
29 September 1961 20 November 1961 Independent
Izzat al-Nuss
(1900–1972)
20 November 1961 14 December 1961 Military
14 Nazim al-Kudsi
(1906–1998)
14 December 1961 8 March 1963 People's Party The 1963 Syrian coup d'état, an event known as the 8th of March Revolution, toppled Nazim al-Kudsi and brought the National Council for the Revolutionary Command (NCRC) to government, although real power lay with the Ba'athist Military Committee, which organized the coup.[5]
15 Lu'ay al-Atassi
(1926–2003)
9 March 1963 27 July 1963 Independent Lu'ay al-Atassi was appointed president by the NCRC because he posed no threat to the Military Committee's power.[6] He resigned after high-ranking non-Ba'athist officers were purged.[7]
16 Amin al-Hafiz
(1921–2009)
27 July 1963 23 February 1966 Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
Amin al-Hafiz was overthrown by the Military Committee because of his support for Michel Aflaq and the National Command of the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party.[8]
17 Nureddin al-Atassi
(1929–1992)
25 February 1966 18 November 1970 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
Nureddin al-Atassi was overthrown when a falling out occurred between Salah Jadid, the real ruler of Syria from 1966 to 1970, and Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense.[9] Assad initiated a coup in 1970.[10]
Ahmad al-Khatib
(1933–1982)
18 November 1970 22 February 1971 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
18 Hafez al-Assad
(1930–2000)
22 February 1971 10 June 2000 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
Assad died in office.[11]
Abdul Halim Khaddam
(1932–)
10 June 2000 17 July 2000 Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)
19 Bashar al-Assad
(1965–)
17 July 2000 Incumbent Syrian Ba'ath Party
(Syria Region)

See also

References

General
  1. Moubayed 2006, p. 345.
  2. Moubayed 2006, p. 311.
  3. Moubayed 2006, p. 610.
  4. 1 2 Moubayed 2006, p. 339.
  5. Moubayed 2006, p. 133.
  6. Moubayed 2006, p. 175.
  7. Rabinovich 1972, p. 72.
  8. Seale 1990, pp. 99–101.
  9. Seale 1990, pp. 142–144.
  10. Seale 1990, pp. 162–163.
  11. Moubayed 2006, pp. 154–155.
Bibliography
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