List of Roman governors of Syria
This is a list of governors of the Roman province of Syria. From 27 BC, the province was governed by an imperial legate of praetorian rank. The province was merged with Roman Judaea in 135 AD to form Syria Palaestina until 193 AD when it was divided into Syria Coele and Syria Phoenicia. In c. 415 AD, Syria Coele was divided into Syria Prima and Syria Secunda. During the reign of Theodosius I (379 – 395), Syria Phoenicia was divided into Phoenicia Maritima and Phoenicia Libanensis.
Proconsular Governors of Roman Syria (65 BC to 27 BC)
Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Roman Syria (27 BC to 135 AD)
Proconsular Imperial Legates of Syria Palestina (135 AD to 193 AD)
| Date |
Governor |
| 135 - 136 | Gnaeus Minicius Faustinus Sextus Iulius Severus |
| 136 - 140 | Sextus Iulius Maior |
| 140 | Lucius Burbuleius Optatus Ligarianus |
| 147 - 150 | Sulpicius Julianus |
| 150 - 154 | Marcus Pontius Laelianus Larcius Sabinus |
| 154 - 157 | Marcus Cassius Apollinaris |
| 157 - 162 | Lucius Attidius Cornelianus |
| 163 - 164 | Marcus Annius Libo |
| 164 - 166 | Gnaeus Julius Verus |
| 166 - 175 | Gaius Avidius Cassius |
| 175 - 178 | Publius Martius Verus |
| 179 - 182 | Publius Helvius Pertinax |
| 183 - 185 | Gaius Domitius Dexter |
| 187 - 190 | Gaius Julius Saturninus |
| 187 - 190 | Asellius Aemilianus |
| 190 - 193 | Gaius Pescennius Niger |
Proconsular Imperial Legates of Syria Coele (193 AD to c. 295 AD)
| Date |
Governor |
| c. 207 - 209 | Marius Maximus |
| c. 209 - 211 | Minicius Martialis |
| c. 216 | Aurelius Mam(---) |
| c. 221 | Antonius Seleucus |
| Between 225 and 235 | Quintus Aradius Rufinus Optatus Aelianus |
| (?) 235 | (? Claudius Sollemnius) Pacatianus |
| c. 241 | Attius Rufinus |
| c. 241 - 249 | Flavius Antiochus |
| c. 251 | Atilius Cosminus |
| c. 251 | Pomponius Laetianus |
| During the 260s | Virius Lupus |
| c. 275 | Maximinus[2] |
| c. 279 | Julius Saturninus |
| Between 276 and 282 | Claudius Cleobulus |
| Between 289 and 297 | L. Aelius Helvius Dionysius |
| 290 | Charisius |
|
Propraetorial Imperial Legates of Syria Phoenicia (193 AD to c. 295 AD)
| Date |
Governor |
| 193 - 194 | Ti. Manilius Fuscus[3] |
| 198 | Q. Venidius Rufus Marius Maximus L. Calvinianus |
| c. 207 | Domitius Leo Procillianus |
| 213 | D. Pius Cassius |
| Between 268 and 270 | Salvius Theodorus |
| Between 284 and 305 | L. Artorius Pius Maximus |
| 292 – 293 | Crispinus |
|
Consularis Governors of Syria Coele (c. 295 AD to c. 415 AD)
| Date |
Governor |
| Between 293 and 305 | Latinius Primosus |
| 305 | Verinus |
| ? 323 | Dyscolius |
| After 324 | Arrius Maximus |
| Between 324 and 337 | Plutarchus |
| Between 329 and 335 | Fl. Dionysius[4] |
| 338 | Nonnus[5] |
| 388 | Eustathius[6] |
| 347 | Theodorus |
| 348 | Fl. Antonius Hierocles |
| 349 | Anatolius |
| Before 353 | Honoratus |
| 354 | Theophilus |
| 355 | Dionysius |
| 355 - 356 | Gymnasius |
| 358 | Nicentius |
| 358 - 359 | Sabinus |
| 360 | Tryphonianus |
| 360 | Italicianus |
| 361 | Siderius |
| 363 | Alexander |
| 363 – 364 | Celsus |
| 364 | Marcianus |
| Between 364 and 380 | Protasius |
| Between 364 and 380 | Protasius[7] |
| Between 365 and 368 | Festus |
| Between 365 and 371 | Aetherius |
| Between 370 and 374 | Fl. Eutolmius Tatianus |
| c. 379/80 | Carterius |
| Before 381 | Domnicus |
| c. 382 | Marcellinus |
| c. 382/3 | Pelagius |
| Between 382 and 393 | Timocrates |
| c. 384/5 | Eumolpius |
| 386 | Tisamenus |
| 387 | Celsus |
| 388 | Lucianus |
| 388 | Eustathius |
| 389 | Eutropius |
| c. 389/90 | Palladius |
| 390 | Infantius |
| Before 392 | Capitolinus |
| Before 392 | Iullus |
| ? 392/3 | Florentius |
| Before 393/4 | Severus |
|
Consularis Governors of Syria Phoenicia (c. 295 AD to c. 395 AD)
| Date |
Governor |
| Between 293 and 305 | Aelius Statuus |
| Between 293 and 303 | Sossianus Hierocles |
| Before 305 | Julius Julianus |
| ? Between 309/313 | Maximus |
| c. 323 | Achillius |
| 328 - 329 | Fl. Dionysius |
| 335 | Archelaus |
| c. 337 | Nonnus |
| 342 | Marcellinus |
| 353/4 | Apollinaris |
| Before 358 | Demetrius |
| (?) 359/60 | Euchrostius |
| Before 360 | Julianus |
| 360 - 361 | Andronicus |
| Before 361 | Aelius Claudius Dulcitius |
| 361 | Anatolius |
| c. 361/2 | Polycles |
| 362 | Julianus |
| 362 - 363 | Gaianus |
| 363 - 364 | Marius |
| 364 | Ulpianus |
| 364 - 365 | Domninus |
| 372 | Leontius |
| 380 | Petrus |
| 382 - 383 | Proculus |
| Before 388 | Eustathius |
| 388 | Antherius |
| 388 | Epiphanius |
| 390 | Domitius |
| 391 | Severianus |
| 392 | Leontius |
|
Footnotes
- ↑ Some consider that Lucius Calpurnius Piso "the Pontifex" was here the governor of Syria. This is based on an inscription called the Lapis Tiburtinus.
- ↑ Martindale & Jones, pg. 1105
- ↑ Hall, pg. 94
- ↑ Hall, pg. 95
- ↑ Hall, pg. 96
- ↑ Hall, pg. 103
- ↑ Successor to the previous Protasius – see Martindale & Jones, pg. 1106
Bibliography
- Schürer Emil, Vermes Geza, Millar Fergus, The history of the Jewish people in the age of Jesus Christ (175 B.C.-A.D. 135), Volume I, Edinburgh 1973, p. 243-266 (Survey of the Roman Province of Syria from 63 B.C. to A.D. 70).
- Linda Jones Hall, Roman Berytus: Beirut in late antiquity (2004)
- Martindale, J. R.; Jones, A. H. M, The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, Vol. I AD 260-395, Cambridge University Press (1971)