List of UK caving fatalities

This is a list of recreational caving fatalities in the United Kingdom. It includes all verified deaths associated with the exploration of natural caves and disused mines in the modern era (post 1880). Deaths involving members of the general public who may have slipped down a shaft, or wandered into a cave without being aware of the risks, have been excluded.

List of fatalities

There have been a total of 126 fatalities associated with recreational caving. The main causes of death have been drowning when cave diving, drowning as the result of flooding or negotiating deep water, injuries incurred from falling from a height, and injuries incurred as the result of rock falls. In ten cases the bodies have not been recovered.

The worst incident in UK caving history was the Mossdale Caverns incident in 1967 when six cavers were drowned following an unexpected cloud burst.^[1] There have been three incidents when three people have died. The first was when three cavers drowned in Langstroth Pot in 1976 when free-diving short sections of underwater passage as the result of the air in an air bell becoming foul.^[2] Three cavers were drowned in the Marble Arch system in 1995,^[3] and three cavers were killed by a rock fall in Ease Gill Caverns in 1988.^[4]

Porth yr Ogof, in South Wales, accounts for eleven fatalities, nine of which were the result of people drowning when negotiating the exit pool.^[5] Ease Gill Caverns and its associated entrances accounts for ten, and Mossdale Caverns accounts for six, all from one incident, as does Alum Pot and its associated entrances.

The only case of a caver dying in the UK as the result of becoming stuck was Neil Moss in Peak Cavern in 1959. The cause of death was foul air building up around him.^[6]

Date	Cave	Area	Cause	Name	Notes
May 1929	West Mine, Alderley Edge	Peak District	Hypothermia	George Etchells Alfred Hadfield	Bodies found August 1929[7][8]
July 1936	Alum Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	Mabel Binks	Possibly hit by a rock deliberately thrown down the shaft[9]
May 1939	Rowten Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	John Lambert	Fell and subsequently drowned[10]
June 1946	West Mine, Alderley Edge	Peak District	Fall	Kenneth Brown	[7]
Dec 1946	Grange Rigg Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Hypothermia	Harold Sargeant	[11]
Apr 1949	Wookey Hole	Mendip	Diving	James Marriott	[12]
May 1951	Penyghent Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Hypothermia	John Williams	[13]
May 1955	Alum Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	J.E. Fisher	[14]
Jun 1957	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Leonard Garraway	[15]
Jan 1958	Goyden Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Brian Kerr	Body not recovered[16]
Jan 1959	Swildon's Hole	Mendip	Hypothermia	John Wallington	[17]
Mar 1959	Peak Cavern	Peak District	CO2 poisoning	Neil Moss	Result of being trapped in confined space. Body interred in situ[6]
July 1959	Dow Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	David Priestman	[18]
Dec 1959	Bar Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Eric Sugden	[19]
Dec 1960	Eastwater Cavern	Mendip	Rock fall	Alan Hartnell	[7][20]
Jun 1961	Coed-y-Mwstwr Woods Cave	South Wales	Rock fall	Tony Lewis	[7]
Sep 1961	Ball Eye Mine	Peak District	Fall	George Keeling	[7]
Jan 1962	Hell Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Eban Beeves	[7][21][22]
Oct 1962	Alum Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	John Hopley	[14]
Mar 1963	Deep Ecton Mine	Peak District	Diving	Garry McElliott	[7]
May 1963	Mandale Mine	Peak District	Drowned	Roger Low	[7]
Nov 1963	Marble Steps Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Mike McShea	[23]
Mar 1963	Longwood Swallet	Mendip	Hypothermia	Heather Muirhead	[24][25]
Mar 1964	Lancaster Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Alan Clegg	[26]
Jun 1966	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	B. Speakman	[5]
Jan 1967	Alum Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	John Drummond	The casualty was under instruction at the time[14][27][28]
Feb 1967	Carlswark Cavern	Peak District	Drowned	Robert MacDonald	On 'adventure training'[14]
Mar 1967	Easter Iron Mine	Forest of Dean	Fall	Rex Keene	Hemp rope broke when abseiling 90 metre shaft[29][30]
Jun 1967	Mossdale Caverns	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Dave Adamson Geoffrey Boireau William Frakes John Ogden Michael Ryan Colin Vickers	The bodies were later interred in the far reaches of cave[1][31]
Oct 1967	Sunset Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Eric Luckhurst	Rescue formed basis of Sid Perou's film "Sunday at Sunset Pot"[14]
Aug 1968	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Anthony Stannard	[5]
Mar 1969	Meregill Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Hypothermia	Christopher Hay	[14][32]
Aug 1969	Ease Gill Caverns	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	Duncan Glasford	[33][34]
Sep 1970	Pollanaffrin	Northern Ireland	Natural causes	Mick Mulligan	[7]
Oct 1970	Keld Head	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Alan Erith	Remains retrieved 5 years later[14][27]
Oct 1970	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Stephen Sedgewick	[5]
Feb 1971	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Paul Esser	Remains retrieved in 2010[5][35]
Sep 1971	Swinsto Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Michael Midgley	[27]
Aug 1972	Firehose Cave	Scotland	Drowned	Peter Clements	[36]
Mar 1973	Knotlow Mine	Peak District	Drowned	Alan Evans	[7]
May 1973	Wood Mine, Alderley Edge	Peak District	Drowned	Paul Shaw	14 year old boy on an outdoors pursuits course[37]
July 1973	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Graham Alston	Trainee soldier on exercise[5]
Sep 1973	Eldon Hole	Peak District	Fall	Sulo Sulonen	[38]
Apr 1974	Holme Gill Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Peter Trousdale	[7]
Jun 1974	Ogof Agen Allwedd	South Wales	Diving	Roger Solari	Body not recovered[39][40]
July 1974	Merlin's Cave	Peak District	Diving	John Smith	[41]
Dec 1974	Gaping Gill	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	David Huxtable	Considered to be the UK's first SRT fatality[42]
Sep 1975	Ireby Fell Cavern	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Stephen Hughes	[43]
Feb 1976	Oxlow Cavern	Peak District	Fall	Stephen Nunwick	[7][14]
May 1976	Langstroth Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Martin Blackburn Brian Fox Donald Southern	Encountered foul air whilst free-diving[2]
Aug 1976	Royal Hopping Mine	Peak District	Rock fall	Leslie Wheeler	[7]
May 1977	Blayshaw Gill Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	John Rhodes	[7][44]
Sep 1977	Ilam Rising	Peak District	Diving	Mike Nelson	[14][45]
Oct 1979	Cote Gill Pot	Yorkshire Dales	CO poisoning	Richard Marvel John Staniforth	Result of using high explosives[46]
Dec 1979	Ogof Ffynnon Ddu	South Wales	Drowned	J. Fitton D.Gough	Washed away[47]
Mar 1980	Bull Pot of the Witches	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Ian Plant	[48]
Aug 1980	GB Cave	Mendip	Natural causes	Ian Miller	[14][49]
Oct 1980	Top Sink	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Tracy Gibson	[50]
Nov 1980	Keld Head	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Mark Woodhoouse	[51]
Feb 1981	Pollnacrom	Northern Ireland	Diving	David Woods	Body not recovered[52]
July 1981	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Adrian Luck	[5]
Nov 1981	Wookey Hole	Mendip	Diving	Keith Potter	[53]
May 1982	Gaping Gill	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Edward Holstead	[54]
May 1982	Diccan Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Natural causes	Anthony Mosedale	[54]
Jun 1982	Sunset Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Neofitos Savva	[54]
Aug 1982	Ireby Fell Cavern	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	John Martin	[55]
Nov 1982	Gaping Gill	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Robert Watson	[55]
Sep 1983	Smallcleugh Mine	Cumbria	Fall		17 year-old boy scout fell 18 metres[7][56]
Jan 1985	Hurtle Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Derek Crossland	[57]
Feb 1985	Bagshawe Cavern	Peak District	Drowned	Mark Dowset	[7]
Nov 1985	Lancaster Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	David James	[58]
Jan 1986	Longwood Swallet	Mendip	Rock fall	Atilla Kurucz	[14][59]
Mar 1986	Rowten Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	David Anderson	Cave Rescue Organisation team member on rescue[60]
May 1986	Dale Head Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	James Taylor	[61]
July 1986	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Natural causes	Gwynfor Hughes	[5]
Apr 1988	unnamed cave	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Nick Whaite	[62]
May 1988	Ease Gill Caverns	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	Janet Barnfield Michael Preece David Simpson	[4]
Aug 1988	Uamh Claig-ionn	Scotland	Hypothermia	Charles Butterworth	[63]
Feb 1989	Jib Tunnel	Yorkshire Dales	Hypothermia	Keith Mann	[64]
Feb 1990	Kingsdale Master Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Phil Tamms	[65]
July 1991	Jacob's Mine	Peak District	Rock fall	Stephen Goodwin	[7][66]
Nov 1991	Sell Gill Holes	Yorkshire Dales	Natural causes	Francis Hardy	[7][66]
Jun 1992	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Amanda Stead	[67]
Jun 1992	Joint Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Martin McMahon	[68]
Oct 1992	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Graham Lipp	[69]
Jan 1993	Kingsdale Master Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Michael Jones	Washed into Kingsdale Master Cave sump[70]
Feb 1994	Lost Johns' Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	Paul Lyons	[71]
July 1994	Dismal Hill Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Trevor Kemp	[72]
Oct 1994	Old Ing Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Peter Ball	[73]
Nov 1994	Whittington Stone Mine	Cotswolds	Natural causes	Bob Fairclough	[74]
Jan 1995	Marble Arch Caves	Northern Ireland	Drowned	Con Cormican Brian Kennedy Philip Marshall	[3]
May 1995	Calf Holes	Yorkshire Dales	Natural causes	Thomas Denny	Management training exercise[75]
Aug 1996	Quaking Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Christine Bleakley	[76]
May 1997	Lancaster Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Michael Jeffries	[77]
Dec 1998	Ogof Pont Yr Meirw	South Wales	Diving	Peter Fowler	[78]
Nov 2000	Lancaster Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Howard Rothwell	[79]
Feb 2001	Ireby Fell Cavern	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Julian Carrol Ray Lea	[80]
July 2002	Porth yr Ogof	South Wales	Drowned	Kevin Sharman	[81]
Sep 2004	Notts Pot	Yorkshire Dales	Fall	Paula Szajnowska	[82]
Mar 2005	Low Birkwith Cave	Yorkshire Dales	Diving	Colin Pryer	[83]
Nov 2005	Manchester Hole	Yorkshire Dales	Hypothermia	Joseph Lister	School boy on supervised trip[84]
Mar 2006	Upper Flood Swallet	Mendip	Natural causes	Malcolm Cotter	[85]
Mar 2006	Astonhill Swallet	Peak District	Rock fall	David Briggs	[85][86]
Aug 2006	Meregill Skit	Yorkshire Dales	Natural causes	Mike Wooding	Died of natural causes whilst diving[87]
Dec 2007	Giant's Hole	Peak District	Hypothermia	Paul Fowkes	[88][89]
Dec 2007	Lower Long Churn	Yorkshire Dales	Drowned	Caroline Fletcher Stuart Goodwill	[90][91]
July 2008	Coal mine at Craigmillar	Scotland	Asphyxiation	Peter Ireson	Abseiled into foul air in disused coal mine[92][93]
Apr 2011	Pwll-y-Cym	South Wales	Diving	Bonnie Cotier	[94][95]
Aug 2014	Aber Las Mine	North Wales	Asphyxiation	Will Smith	Surfaced into foul air in disused slate mine[96][97][98]
Feb 2015	Bull Pot, Kingsdale	Yorkshire Dales	Rock fall	Gordon Aitken	[99][100]

Breakdown of fatalities by cause and area

The following table summarises the major causes of fatality in UK caving by cause and by area. The commonest cause of fatality in the UK is drowning - accounting for over half the deaths when cave diving is included, and 43% when diving is excluded. The second major cause of fatality, when cave diving is excluded, is falling from height which accounts for 20% of fatalities, followed by rock fall which accounts for 14% of fatalities. The 'Other' category includes gas poisoning and asphyxiation.

Area	Diving	Drowned	Fall	Rock fall	Hypothermia	Natural causes	Other	Total
Mendip	2	0	0	2	2	2	0	8
Northern Ireland	1	3	0	0	0	1	0	5
Peak District	3	5	4	3	3	0	1	19
South Wales	3	12	0	1	0	1	0	17
Yorkshire Dales	8	26	16	9	5	4	2	70
Other	0	1	2	0	1	1	2	7
Total	17	47	22	15	11	9	5	126

Breakdown of fatalities by cause and decade

The following table summarises the major causes of fatality in UK caving by decade. The changes from decade to decade partly reflect the different numbers of active cavers, partly changing techniques, and partly improved equipment.

Decade	Diving	Drowned	Fall	Rock fall	Hypothermia	Natural causes	Other	Total
1920s	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	2
1930s	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	2
1940s	1	0	1	0	1	0	0	3
1950s	0	2	2	1	2	0	1	8
1960s	2	12	5	3	2	0	0	24
1970s	4	11	6	2	0	1	2	26
1980s	6	6	5	4	2	3	0	26
1990s	2	9	2	2	0	3	0	18
2000s	1	6	1	1	2	2	1	14
2010s	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	3
Total	17	47	22	15	11	9	5	126

References

Notes

1. Kershaw, Roy. "What lies beneath: Mossdale caving disaster". The Independent. Independent Digital News and Media Limited. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
2. "Langstroth deaths - foul air blamed". Descent (34): 18. August 1976.
3. Kelly, John (Apr–May 1995). "Marble Arch fatalities". Descent (123): 18.
4. Boothroyd, Colin (June–July 1988). "Easegill Tragedy". Descent (82): 12.
5. Wilton-Jones, Mark. "Porth yr Ogof". UK Caves database site. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
6. Lovelock (1963), pp. 11–27.
7. Howes, Chris (Oct–Nov 2007). "Caving fatalities in the UK". Descent (198): 29–30.
8. Whitehouse, Bill. "The history of cave rescue before the 1959 'Neil Moss Tragedy'" (PDF). Mountain Rescue England and Wales. Retrieved 16 January 2015.
9. Lovelock (1963), p. 117
10. Eyre (1988), pp. 32–36.
11. Lovelock (1963), pp. 98–99.
12. Lovelock (1963), pp. 61–64.
13. Lovelock (1963), pp. 99–101.
14. Halliwell, Ric (2002). "A Century of British Caving". Craven Pothole Club. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
15. Jenkins, D (July 1958). "Hon. Secretary's Report" (PDF). South Wales Caving Club Newsletter (24): 4. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
16. Lovelock (1963), pp. 104–117.
17. Irwin, Dave (2007). Swildon's Hole. 100 Years of Exploration. Priddy: Wessex Cave Club. pp. 44–46. ISBN 9780950043357.
18. Lovelock (1963), pp. 111–112.
19. Forder, John (December 2001). "An analysis of cave rescue statistics, Dales area, UK, 1935 to 2000" (PDF). Caves and Karst Science 28 (3): 134. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
20. Frank Frost (July 1960). "Foreword". [Wessex Cave Club Journal] (77,volume 6): 1–2.
21. UWFRA (1998), p. 161
22. Tate, Lesley. "The perils lying underground". Craven Herald. Newsquest (Yorkshire & North East) Ltd. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
23. Eyre (1988), pp. 63–65.
24. "Cave of Death". Western Daily Press & Bristol Mirror. 18 March 1963.
25. "Longwood". Belfry Bulletin (Bristol Exploration Club) (181). March 1981. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
26. "CDG History 1960 - 1969". Cave diving highlights. Cave Diving Group. Retrieved 16 January 2014.
27. Eyre (1988), p. 192.
28. Craven Herald & Pioneer. 20 January 1967. Missing or empty |title= (help)
29. Bedford, Bruce (Mar–Apr 1984). "Taking the Steep Way into Easter Iron Mine". Descent (57): 5.
30. Elliot, John (Dec 2002). "Easter Iron Mine Engine House". Royal Forest of Dean Caving Club Newsletter (128): 6.
31. Brook, Dave (July 1971). "Mossdale Caverns 1971". University of Leeds Speleological Association Review (8): 24–25.
32. Eyre (1988), pp. 89 90.
33. Eyre (1988), p. 91.
34. "Easegill Tragedy". Speleologist 3 (19): 3. Autumn 1969.
35. "Body of cave diver recovered nearly 40 years on". Wales Online (Medfia Wales Ltd.). 29 April 2010. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
36. "News in Descent". Descent (23): 23. April 1973.
37. Bedford, Bruce (July 1973). "Alderley Edge Fatality". Descent (24): 6.
38. "News North". Descent (26): 10. Jan–Feb 1974.
39. "Agen, Allwedd, Llangattock". The Cave Diving Group Newsletter (33): 14. October 1974.
40. Churcher, R.A.; Lloyd, O.C.. (1980). "British Cave Diving Accidents" (PDF). Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society 15 (3): 161–182. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
41. "Merlin's Cave Eyam". The Cave Diving Group Newsletter (33): 15. October 1974.
42. "Britain's first SRT fatality". Descent (31): 4. May–June 1975.
43. Eyre (1988), p. 195.
44. UWFRA (1998), p. 164.
45. Eyre (1988), p. 197.
46. "Blasting fumes kill two cavers in Yorkshire accident". Descent (44): 4–5. January–February 1980.
47. "Inquest findings on two drowned in Welsh cave". Descent (45): 21–22. March–April 1980.
48. "Ian Plant dies in Yorkshire cave dive". Descent (45): 4. March–April 1980.
49. Hanwell, J (April–May 1982). "MRO Incidents 1980". Belfrey Bulletin (Bristol Exploration Club) (408/409): 12. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
50. "Top Sink Fatality". Caves & Caving (11): 75. February 1981.
51. "Diving fatality in Keld Head". Descent (47): 5. January–February 1981.
52. Farr, Martyn (March–April 1981). "Irish cave diver drowned in Pollnacrom". Descent (48): 15.
53. Danilewicz, C.J. (March–April 1982). "Obituary: Keith Potter". Descent (51): 5.
54. Cordingley, John (August 1982). "Caving Accidents". Caves & Caving (British Cave Research Association) (17): 25.
55. Eyre (1988), p. 200.
56. Starkey, Roy (Oct 1997). "Twenty Years in the Field" (PDF). British Micromount Society Newsletter (48): 2–5. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
57. Chilton, Toby (March–April 1985). "Derek Crossland". Descent (63): 9.
58. Boothroyd, Colin (Jan–Feb 1986). "David James - drowned in Lancaster". Descent (86): 7.
59. Moody, Peter (Jan–Feb 1986). "Falling boulder kills caver on Mendip". Descent (68): 10.
60. Boothroyd, Colin (May–June 1986). "Rescuer dies in Rowten Pot search". Descent (86): 12.
61. "Tragedy follows Dales deluge". Descent (70): 5. May–June 1986.
62. Boothroyd, Colin (June–July 1988). "Diver dies in unlined attempt on new sump". Descent (82): 12.
63. Jeffries, Alan (Oct–Nov 1988). "Cave fatality in Argyll". Descent (84): 11.
64. Round, Steve (1989). "A death in Gaping Ghyll". Caves & Caving (British Cave Research Association) (44): 18.
65. Bass, Malcom (Apr–May 1990). "Fatality in West Kingsdale Master Cave". Descent (93): 10.
66. "BCRC incident report 1991". Descent (106): 28. Jul–Aug 1992.
67. Farr, Martyn (Aug–Sep 1992). "Death at Porth yr Ogof". Descent (107): 12.
68. Cockfield, David (Aug–Sep 1992). "Joint Hole fatality". Descent (107): 9.
69. Flanagan, Tony (Dec 1992 – Jan 1993). "Vale: Graham Lipp". Descent (109): 6.
70. Pickup, Jack (1993). "Incident in Simpson Pot, Kingsdale Master Cave Sunday January 10th". Caves & Caving (British Cave Research Association) (59): 12.
71. Monico, Paul (Apr–May 1994). "Lost John's fatality". Descent (117): 16.
72. Monico, Paul (Oct–Nov 1994). "Birkwith fatality". Descent (120): 10.
73. Holland, Ian (Dec 1994 – Jan 1995). "Birkwith fatality". Descent (121): 8.
74. Hawkins, Kingsley (Feb–Mar 1995). "Vale: Bob Fairlcough". Descent (122): 6, 19.
75. "BRCC Incident Report 1995". Descent (130): 28. June–July 1996.
76. "Quaking fatality". Descent (133): 17. Dec 1996 – Jan 1997.
77. Monico, Paul (Aug–Sep 1997). "Lancaster Hole fatality". Descent (137): 11.
78. Howes, Chris (Feb–Mar 1999). "Fatality in Pont-y-Meirw". Descent (146): 10.
79. "Lancaster fatality". Descent (158): 10. Feb–Mar 2001.
80. Speight, Alan (Apr–May 2001). "Twin fatalities in Ireby Fell Cavern". Descent (159): 10.
81. Howes, Chris (Oct–Nov 2002). "Another fatality at Porth yr Ogof". Descent (168): 12.
82. "Notts Pot fatality". Descent (181): 16. Dec 2004 – Jan 2005.
83. "Rescue and tragedy". Descent (183): 8. Apr–May 2005.
84. "School trip fatality". Descent (188): 6. Feb–Mar 2006.
85. "The Rescues of 2006". Descent (196): 123. Jun–Jul 2006.
86. Richard, Woolley. "Caver dies in rock fall at Pikehall". Matlock Mercury. Johnston Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
87. Ryall, Dave (Oct–Nov 2006). "Farewell Mike Wooding". Descent (192): 14.
88. "Giant's fatality". Descent (200): 16. Feb–Mar 2008.
89. "Fatality in 'testing' cave route was first". Buxton Adverstiser. Johnston Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
90. "Double Long Churn fatality". Descent (200): 13. Feb–Mar 2008.
91. "Pair died in potholing accident". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
92. "Caver dies following mine rescue". BBC News. 21 July 2008.
93. "Caver overcome by mine gas fumes dies in hospital". The Scotsman. 22 July 2008. Retrieved 2 May 2014.
94. Farr, Martyn (June–July 2011). "Accident at Pwll-yCwm". Descent (220): 10.
95. "Experienced caver, 53, drowned in Gwent gorge complex - inquest". South Wales Argus. Retrieved 23 September 2014.
96. McHale, John. "Body of cave diver found after major north Wales rescue operation". Grough. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
97. Hambridge, Karen. "Diver dies in Welsh quarry accident". The Hinckley Times. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
98. "Caver Will Smith's Llangollen slate mine death inquest". bbc.co.uk/news/. BBC. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
99. "Man, 50 killed by falling boulder in Bull Pot caving accident". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 13 February 2015.
100. "Lancaster caver dies after being crushed by falling rock". The Visitor. Johnston Publishing Ltd. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

Sources

• UWFRA (1998). Anytime...Anywhere. Upper Wharfedale Fell Rescue Association.
• Lovelock, James (1963). Life and Death Underground. London: G. Bell & Sons, Ltd.
• Eyre, Jim; John Frankland (1988). Race Against Time. Dent, Sedbergh: Lyon Equipment (Books). ISBN 0950687448.