List of alcoholic beverages
This is a list of alcoholic beverages. An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol, commonly known as alcohol. Alcoholic beverages are divided into three general classes: beers, wines, and spirits (or distilled beverage). They are legally consumed in most countries, and over 100 countries have laws regulating their production, sale, and consumption.[1] In particular, such laws specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink them. This minimum age varies between 16 and 25 years, depending upon the country and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age.[1]
Beverages by raw material
The names of some alcoholic beverages are determined by their raw material.
Grains | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
---|---|---|
barley | beer, ale, barley wine | Scotch whisky, Irish whiskey, shÅchÅ« (mugijÅchÅ«) (Japan), soju (Korea) |
rye | rye beer, kvass | rye whiskey, vodka (Russia), Korn (Germany) |
corn | chicha, corn beer, tesguino | Bourbon whiskey, moonshine, also vodka (rare) |
sorghum | burukutu (Nigeria), pito (Ghana), merisa (southern Sudan), bilibili (Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon) | maotai, gaoliang, certain other types of baijiu (China). |
wheat | wheat beer | horilka (Ukraine), vodka, wheat whiskey, weizenkorn (Germany), soju (Korea) |
rice | beer, brem (Bali), huangjiu and choujiu (China), Ruou gao (Vietnam), sake (Japan), sonti (India), makgeolli and chungju (Korea), tuak (Borneo Island), thwon (Nepal) | aila (Nepal), rice baijiu (China), shÅchÅ« (komejÅchÅ«) and awamori (Japan), soju (Korea) |
millet | millet beer (Sub-Saharan Africa), tongba (Nepal, Tibet), boza (the Balkans, Turkey) | |
buckwheat | shÅchÅ« (sobajÅchÅ«) (Japan) | |
Fruit juice | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
grapes | wine | LozovaÄa/Loza, Vinjak (Serbia), brandy, Cognac (France), Vermouth, Armagnac (France), Branntwein (Germany), pisco (Peru, Chile, Grozdova), Rakia (The Balkans, Turkey), singani (Bolivia), Arak (Syria, Lebanon, Jordan), törkölypálinka (Hungary) |
apples | cider (U.S.: "hard cider"), Apfelwein | JabukovaÄa (Serbia), applejack (or apple brandy), calvados, cider |
pears | perry, or pear cider; poiré (France) | Viljamovka (Serbia), Poire Williams, pear brandy, Eau-de-vie (France), pálinka (Hungary), Krushova rakia / Krushevitsa (Bulgaria) |
plums | plum wine | Šljivovica (Serbia), slivovitz, țuică, umeshu, pálinka, Slivova rakia / Slivovitsa (Bulgaria) |
apricots | KajsijevaÄa (Serbia), Kaisieva rakia (Bulgaria), pálinka (Hungary) | |
quinces | DunjevaÄa (Serbia) | |
pineapples | tepache (Mexico), Pineapple Wine (Hawaii) | |
juniper berries | gin, boroviÄka (Slovakia) | |
bananas or plantains | Chuoi hot (Vietnam), Cauim (Kuna Indians of Panama), urgwagwa (Uganda, Rwanda), mbege (with millet malt; Tanzania), kasikisi (with sorghum malt; Democratic Republic of the Congo) | MajmunovaÄa (Serbia), |
gouqi | gouqi jiu (China) | gouqi jiu (China) |
coconut | Toddy (Sri Lanka, India) | arrack, lambanog (Sri Lanka, India, Philippines) |
ginger with sugar, ginger with raisins | ginger ale, ginger beer, ginger wine | |
Myrica rubra | yangmei jiu (China) | yangmei jiu (China) |
pomace | pomace wine | Raki/Ouzo/Pastis/Sambuca (Turkey/Greece/France/Italy), tsipouro/tsikoudia (Greece), grappa (Italy), Trester (Germany), marc (France), orujo (Spain), zivania (Cyprus), Bagaço (Portugal), tescovină (Romania), Arak (Iraq) |
Vegetables | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
cassava |
|
tiquira (Brazil) |
ginger root juice | ginger beer (Botswana) | |
potato | potato beer | horilka (Ukraine), vodka (Poland and Germany), akvavit (Scandinavia), poitÃn (poteen) (Ireland), tuzemák (Czech Republic) |
sweet potato | shÅchÅ« (imojÅchÅ«) (Japan), soju (Korea) | |
sugarcane juice, or molasses | basi, betsa-betsa (regional) | rum (Caribbean), Venezuela, Colombia, Nicaragua, pinga or cachaça (Brasil), aguardiente, guaro, Gongo, Konyagi (Tanzania); rhum agricole (Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe and the rest of the French Caribbean), clairin (Haiti) |
agave juice | pulque | tequila, mezcal, raicilla |
Other raw materials | Name of fermented beverage | Name of distilled beverage |
sap of palm | coyol wine (Central America), tembo (Sub-Saharan Africa), toddy (Indian subcontinent) | |
sap of Arenga pinnata, Coconut, Borassus flabellifer | Tuak (Indonesia), tuba (Philippines) | Arrack |
honey | mead, horilka (Ukraine), tej (Ethiopia) | distilled mead, honey-flavored liqueur |
milk | kumis, kefir, blaand | arkhi (Mongolia) |
sugar | kilju and mead or sima (Finland) | shÅchÅ« (kokutÅ shÅchÅ«): made from brown sugar (Japan) or Rum |
Fermented beverages
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- Beer
- Ale
- Barleywine
- Bitter ale
- Brown ale
- Cask ale
- Mild ale
- Old ale
- Pale ale
- Porter (dark beer made from brown malt)
- Stout (strong Porter)
- Stock ale
- Fruit beer
- Lager
- Pale lager (also "dry beer", made with a slow acting yeast that ferments at a low temperature while being stored)
- Bock (strong lager)
- Maerzen/Oktoberfest Beer
- Pilsener (lighter lager brewed with partially malted barley)
- Schwarzbier (dark lager)
- Pale lager (also "dry beer", made with a slow acting yeast that ferments at a low temperature while being stored)
- Sahti (Finnish)
- Small beer (very low alcohol)
- Wheat beer (or "Hefeweizen", made with wheat in addition to malted barley)
- Witbier ("White Beer", made with herbs or fruit instead of or in addition to hops)
- Ale
- Cauim (made from cassava or maize)
- Chicha (made from cassava, maize root, grape, apple or other fruits)
- Cider (made from apple juice or other fruit juice)
- Perry (pear cider)
- Plum jerkum (made from plums)
- Desi daru, made by fermenting molasses or high sugar containing fruits
- Huangjiu (Chinese, made from rice, millet, or wheat using a special starter culture of yeast, mold, and bacteria)
- Icariine Liquor
- Kasiri (made from cassava)
- Kilju (Finnish, made from sugar)
- Kumis (Central Asia, traditionally made from horse milk but now primarily cow milk)
- Mead (made from honey)
- Nihamanchi (South America) aka nijimanche (Ecuador and Peru) (made from cassava)
- Palm wine (made from the sap of various palm trees)
- Parakari (made from cassava)
- Pulque (originally made by the natives of Mexico, made from the sap of the maguey plant)
- Sakurá (made from cassava)
- Sake (made from rice)
- Sonti
- Tepache
- Tiswin (made from corn or saguaro, a large cactus)
- Tonto
- Wine
Distilled beverages
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A distilled beverage, spirit, or liquor is an alcoholic beverage containing ethanol that is produced by distilling (i.e., concentrating by distillation) ethanol produced by means of fermenting grain, fruit, or vegetables.[2] This excludes undistilled fermented beverages such as beer, wine, and cider. Vodka, gin, baijiu, tequila, rum, whisky, brandy, Singani[3] and soju are examples of distilled beverages.
Hard liquor is used in North America and India to distinguish distilled beverages from undistilled ones (implicitly weaker).
- Spirits
- Absinthe
- Akvavit
- Applejack
- Arak
- Arrack
- Awamori
- Baijiu
- BoroviÄka
- Brandy
- Armagnac
- Cognac
- Fruit brandy, Eau-de-vie (French), Schnapps - Obstwasser (German)
- Cachaça
- Gin
- Horilka
- Kaoliang
- Maotai
- Metaxa
- Mezcal
- Neutral grain spirit
- Ogogoro
- Ouzo
- Palinka
- Pisco
- PoitÃn
- Rakı
- Rakia
- Rum
- Shochu
- Singani
- Soju
- Tequila
- Ţuică
- Vodka
- Whisky
- Liqueurs
See also
- List of cocktails
- List of coffee beverages
- List of national liquors
- List of tequilas
- List of U.S. state beverages
- List of vodkas
- List of whisky brands
- Category: Lists of beverages by country
References
- 1 2 "Minimum Age Limits Worldwide". International Center for Alcohol Policies. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ↑ Britannica Online Encyclopedia: distilled spirit/distilled liquor
- ↑ Singani
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