List of allusions in Marthandavarma novel

The following is a list of allusions in Marthandavarma, the 1891 historical novel by C. V. Raman Pillai.

Allusion to legends, history and politics

Characters based on legends, history and real life

Events based on legends, history and politics

Treaty with Madura Nayaks

According to V. Nagam Aiya, during the reign of king Rama Varma besides the troubles caused by confederate chiefs and nobles such as Ettuveetiil Pillas and Madambies, the other petty chieftains were also refracted from contributing to the revenue of the state; and sovereign was unable to defend the atrocities of armed dacoits, as there were not enough money and manpower with the state.[1] In Kollavarsham 901 king Rama Varma, headed to Tiruchirappalli and made a pact with the Madurai Nayaks to supply additional forces to Travancore for a fixed annual payment.[2] T. K. Velu Pillai[lower-roman 1] cites the references of payment to Madurai from Travancore.[4] In the novel, it is presented that king Rama Varma and Thirumukhathu Pilla proceed to Tiruchirappalli in Kollavarsham 901 to arrange additional forces, which later camps at Boothapandi.

Lethal attempts on Marthanda Varma

Attempt at a Temple

In the novel, while Rama Varma and Thirumukhathu Pilla headed to Tiruchirappalli, prince Marthanda Varma and Ananthapadmanabhan were staying at Nagercoil, from where latter among the duo at Nagercoil heads to his mother’s house following the news of her illness. While Ananthapadmanabhan was away, the prince was chased away by the men of Padmanabhan Thambi and an attempt on his life was made at Kalliyankattu temple. The incident is further referred as the escape of Marthanda Varma as a Brahmin. Dr. P. Venugopalan cites the references of the incident in the history of Travancore and Marthandamahathmyam Kilippattu.[5] The incident took place at a temple of Shiva near to Kumarakovil (2 miles north to Thakkala), where Marthanda Varma took shelter while evading the attackers. At the temple Marthanda Varma was aided by the temple priest to escape in the outfit of the latter, and the priest was killed by the attackers as he was in the outfit of the former.[6]

There are references in the novel about attempts on the life of Marthanda Varma by his enemies as his successful escapes through the groove at Panathara, the Ezhava house at Perunkadavila, and the Nedumangad fort.

Escape at an Ezhava house

According to the legends, after evading the Ettuveettil Pillas and their men at Dhanuvachapuram[upper-roman 1], Eithukondamkani[upper-roman 2], and Marayamuttom[upper-roman 3], when Marthanda Varma was refreshing himself at a river near to Malakulangara[upper-roman 4] he was spotted by the men of Thambi brothers and in urgency to escape from them, he headed into a nearby Ezhava house, Alayil Puthur Veedu at Perumkadavila, where he was aided by the Kalipanikkathi (Lady Kali) to hide under the rattan enclosures. The men of Thambi brothers were unsuccessful in finding the prince.[7]

Aid by a Channan and Hiding inside a tree

In the novel, while running away from Velu Kuruppu and his men, Marthanda Varma is helped by a mad Channan who hides him in a tree and misdirects his pursuers. According to Dr. P. Venugopalan, the above account of actions is a collaboration of two situations where Marthanda Varma escaped from the enemies.[5] Once, when Marthanda Varma was returning after some confidential visits to Kanyakumari and Suchindram, he was tracked by the men of Ettuveettil Pillas and Thambi brothers. While running away from the chasers, he was suggested by a Channan plougher of the nearby field to hide inside the hollow statue of the elephant at the adjacent temple of Shasthavu. When the chasers reached the cultivation field and questioned the plougher, he misdirected them to the southern provinces. In another occasion, when Marthanda Varma was chased by the enemies, he evaded them by hiding inside the big hole within a jack tree at the Neyyattinkara Sree Krishna Swami Temple.[6] The tree is still preserved at the temple compound and known as Ammacciplāvŭ (Mother jack tree).

Lethal attempt on Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma

The incident is referred as the attempt to murder the little prince, Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma and his mother by Ramanamadathil Pilla along with his men in Kollavarsham 903, while the mother-son duo were heading from Trivandrum to Attingal, but only to evade the attempt with the help of Kilimanoor Koithampuran (Lord of Kilimanoor), who led the duo to a nearby safe village and took their place in the palanquin en route, confronted the attackers and eventually got killed, as described in the History of Travancore from the Earliest Times by P. Shangoony Menon[lower-roman 2].[9] The above account of incident is in conflict with the version described by Pachumuthathu in the Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ[upper-alpha 1], which recounts the same at Budhanoor[upper-roman 5] in the then district of Chengannur, where ruffians from Kayamkulam did the attack and states that lord of Kilimanoor who defended the attackers was the husband of the Queen. V. Nagam Aiya states the incident inline with the version by P. Shangoony Menon and mentions that lord of Kilimanoor, Kerala Varma Koithampuran as the consort of the Queen.[10] T. K. Velu Pillai supports the version of Pachumuthathu and condemns the version by P. Shangoony Menon;[4] which is cited by Dr. A. P. Ibrahim Kunju[lower-roman 3], who points out the deliberation of T. K. Velu Pillai in supporting the version of Pachumuthathu by purposefully avoiding the references of incident[12] in the British records, Letters to Tellicherry[upper-alpha 2].[13]

Heirship claim by Thambi brothers

Dr. A. P. Ibrahim Kunju refers to the legend that Thambi brothers made a claim to the throne of Venad during the final period of king Rama Varma as they were the linear descendants, which was against the tradition of collateral descent through maternal nephew followed by the Venad kingdom in selecting the heir to the throne.[14] P. K. Parameswaran Nair[lower-roman 4] claims that there is a legend in which Rama Varma promises to his spouse, Abhirama to let the children she will bear, to ascend to the throne of Venad;[16] however Dr. P. Venugopalan states that the above account of legend is not valid as Rama Varma was neither the king nor the next heir to the throne during the early days of his relationship with his spouse and he ruled the kingdom only in the last five years of his life.[17] P. Shangoony Menon and V. Nagam Aiya state that Thambi brothers were persuaded by feudatory chiefs and nobles, Ettuveettil Pillas and Madambies to make the claim to the throne.[18][19][20] Dewan Nanoo Pillay states that Thambi duo manifested the claim, as they felt degraded from the royal rank after the accession of Marthanda Varma, so Madambies and Ettuveettil Pillas fomented their disaffection.[21] T. K. Velu Pillai states that Thambi brothers attempted to seize the throne for themselves against the custom of Marumakkattāyaṁ (collateral descent through maternal nephews).[22] Even though the above claim and dispute happened after the demise of Rama Varma, in the novel, it is presented that the conspiracy by Thambi brothers were started long before the king was ill and also shows that Padmanabhan Thambi and Sundarayyan lay the plans against Marthanda Varma, to get him deprived from the line of succession. In the novel, it is mentioned that Ettuveettil Pillas gave assurance to Padmanabhan Thambi that they will make him king after the period of king Rama Varma. In the novel, it is also referred that Padmanabhan Thambi did not want to emphasize on Makkattāyaṁ (lineal descent through sons) by raising the concern to Sundarayyan that such a succession may bring his younger brother Raman Thambi against him.

Treaty of Thambi brothers with foreign forces

The heirship claim of the Thambi brothers against the then existing custom in Venad led them to seek the aid of foreign forces to confront Marthanda Varma. According to P. Shangoony Menon the elder Thambi brother, Papu Thamby went to Tiruchirapalli in Kollavarsham 905 (1730) to seek aid from Pandyan governor.[18] V. Nagam Aiya states that the Thambi brothers went together to Tiruchirapalli in 1729 to seek aid from Pandyan governor.[19][20] According Dewan Nanoo Pillai, only one of the Thambi brothers proceeded to Tiruchirapalli in Kollavarsham 905 (1729-1730).[21] T. K. Velu Pillai mentions that the Thambi brothers secured the mercenary services of a foreign contingent in Kollavarsham 905.[22] In the novel, the younger brother, Raman Thambi goes to Nanjinadu to arrange for additional forces in Kollavarsham 903.

Council of Ettuveettil Pillas

Ettuveettil Pillas formed a council at the convention area of an inn at Venganoor, where they held consultation about the plans against the king Marthanda Varma and, the members resolved to assassinate the king on the Aaraattu festival day during his procession. The decision was scripted as palm leaf notes and hidden in the footwears of messengers.[23] According to P. Shangoony Menon and V. Nagam Aiya, the conference happened sometime after Kollavarsham 906.[24] Dr. A. P. Ibrahim Kunju states that above event as happened in Kollavarsham 912.[25] The messengers with the council notes were later detained by the king’s men following the lead by a Paṇṭāraṁ (keeper of the inn), who spied on the council members and eventually the plan was foiled.[23] In the novel, the council of Ettuveettil Pillas is convened at the maternal house of Kudamon Pilla near to Andiyirakkam. The council passes the resolution to assassinate the prince Marthanda Varma after the demise of king Rama Varma, when the prince will be heading back after the last rites of the then deceased King. A council note of the same is prepared for Padmanabhan Thambi and entrusts the same to Sundarayyan, who on the way back puts up a fight with Ananthapadmanabhan disguised as a beggar, who tries to snatch the council note and, eventually the note is lost in the Killiyar. In the novel the above events are shown as happened in Kollavarsham 903 before the accession of Marthanda Varma.

Coup attempt by Thambi brothers

When the foreign contingent arrived under Azhagappa Mudaliyar as an aid to Thambi brothers from Pandyan governor, the Thambi duo joins them at the Nanjinadu camp to mobilize the forces; meanwhile Marthanda Varma tried to arrange necessary counter forces at Kalkulam, however as there were not enough forces to confront the contingent and men of Thambi duo, Marthanda Varma negotiated with the officers of Azhagappa Mudaliyar, lieutenant Kanimiyavu and captain Kapalipara Sokkalingam Pillai, thus secured a safe passage out of Kalkulam fort with an escort to Neyyattinkara, in order to go to Perakathavazhi at Kollam; en route, on realizing that the little prince Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma and his royal mother at Puthenkotta[upper-roman 6] were about to be attacked by a team led by Kudamon Pilla, Karakulathu Pilla and Vanchikoottathu Pilla, Marthanda Varma rushed there and moved the mother-son duo to Attingal and headed to Kollam. Meanwhile, the team led by Azhagappa Mudaliyar and Thambi brothers started from Kalkulam to Thiruvananthapuram, where they tried to take the possession of treasure at Sree Padmanabha Swamy temple, but only to foil the plans by the local inhabitants, to whom the charge was entrusted by Vanchikoottathu Pilla before he moved from there. The protests by local people made the team of Thambi brothers to retract, so Azhagappa Mudaliyar and forces headed to eastern provinces.[22] Mathilakam Records[upper-alpha 3] mentions the above account of events as happened in Kollavarsham 905, one year after the demise of king Rama Varma.[27] In the novel, it is presented that the foreign forces, the forces from Nanjinadu are led by Raman Thambi. The men of Thambi brothers and Ettuveettil Pillas together plan to siege the palace to slay the prince, however prince Marthanda Varma evade the coup as he is timely tipped by Subhadra, who also insists to move the little prince and the mother to a safe place. When the team led by Thambi brothers and Ettuveettil Pillas are unsuccessful in locating Marthanda Varma and little prince, they head to Manacaud. The above course of events is shown in the novel as happened five days after the demise of king Rama Varma.

Accession of Marthanda Varma

P. Shangoony Menon and V. Nagam Aiya state that Marthanda Varma ascended to the throne in Kollavarsham 904 (1729).[19][28] Mathilakam Records refers the accession of Marthanda Varma as happened on or before the month of Ani (June–July) in Kollavarsham 904 (1729).[27] T. K. Velu Pillai mentions the commencement of Marthanda Varma’s reign in Kollavarsham 905.[29] A. P. Ibrahim Kunju mentions that the accession happened in Kollavarsham 905.[14] In the novel, the accession of Marthanda Varma is shown as happened two weeks after the demise of king Rama Varma in Kollavarsham 904.[30][31]

Illness and demise of king Rama Varma

According to P. Shangoony Menon, king Rama Varma died of short illness in Kollavarsham 903 (1728).[9] V. Nagam Aiya also states that king Rama Varma died in the year 1728.[32] Dr. A. P. Ibrahim Kunju mentions that king Rama Varma died in Kollavarsham 904 (January 1729) referring to the Mathilakam Records.[13] In the novel, king Rama Varma is bed ridden due to illness during Kollavarsham 903 and dies in the course of story. According to Prof. N. Krishna Pillai and Prof. V. Anandakuttan Nair, the demise of king Rama Varma mentioned in the novel falls in the timeline of Kollavarsham 904.[30]

Detention of Arumukham Pilla

Dalawa Arumukham Pilla was once detained by foreign forces camped at Thrikkanamkudi[upper-roman 7], because the payment for them as per the agreement with the king Rama Varma was in arrears. The required payment was almost done through the merchants at Kottar, however Dalawa was not released and the release was accomplished by the then commander-in-chief, Kumarswami Pillai. According to P. Shangoony Menon and T. K. Velu Pillai, the detention and release happened post the accession of Marthanda Varma.[28][33] In the novel, Arumukham Pilla is detained by Madura forces at Boothapandi and possible payments are arranged through loans from Kottar; the events are presented as happened before the accession of Marthanda Varma and the remaining amount required is provided by Subhadra to Marthanda Varma to facilitate the release.

Conquest of Desiganadu

Marthanda Varma marched to Desinganadu in Kollavarsham 906[34] because the king of Desinganadu invaded and conquered[35] the eastern portions of Kallada,[36] which was under Venad.[37] In the novel, the conquest of Desinganadu is referred as happened in Kollavarsham 906 with the direct involvement of king Marthanda Varma, to whom Ananthapadmanabhan was the main protector in the conquest.

Other events

The first edition of the novel mentions that Padmanabhan Thambi is killed by Marthanda Varma’s accomplices in a precognitive narration, which is removed from the further editions.[38] According to P. Shangoony Menon and V. Nagam Aiya, Pappu Thambi was killed at Nagercoil palace by the guards of Marthanda Varma, which the former records as happened in Kollavarsham 908[39] and the latter mentions that it happened a few months after the Arattu feestival at Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple in 1732.[24]

The novel refers the Kalipankulam incident, which according to P. Shangoony Menon and V. Nagam Aiya was that the five princes who were the offsprings of Umayamma Rani were murdered by men of confederates (Madampimar).[40][41] T. K. Velu Pillai points that Umayamma Rani never had any children.[42] In the novel, the tragedy at Kalipankulam is mentioned only as the massacre of five princes without giving any reference to Umayamma Rani, but refers the involvement of Ramanamadathil Pilla in the incident. The novel also refers to the attack of a Mukilan during when, a few families were converted as Mohammedians after circumcision; which implies the conquest of Mukilan (a petty chieftain under Moghul emperor) in Travancore during Kollavarsham 853–855,[43] followed by the circumcision and proselytization of Nair family members to Islam.[44]

There is a reference to the tragedy of Iravikutti Pilla, who was the commander-in-chief during the period of Unni Kerala Varma (Kollavarsham 806823). Iravikutti Pilla was killed by the forces of Thirumalai Nayak in the battle, to which he headed by ignoring the bad omens.[45] In the novel, Kazhakoottathu Pilla refers to the establishment of twenty-four Śāstākkanmāṟ (deities with the divine aspects of Shasthavu) at the downhills in Kerala for protection,[46] which implies the legend about Parashurama, who did the enshrinements of Shasthavu deity at various places in Kerala.[47]

Architectural and Geographical references

Kingdom of Venad

Venad is the kingdom in which the events of novel take place; in the novel, the king Rama Varma is referred as the ruler of Venad. The areas of Venad that are mentioned in the novel are as follows:

Foreign areas and kingdoms

  • Nanjinadu – Nanjinadu is referred as the nearby state on the southern side of Venad. Nanjinadu or Nanchinadu or Nāñcināṭŭ is considered to be southern region of India constituting the regions of Agasteeswaram taluk, Thovalai taluk of Kanyakumari district and a region of yesteryear Tenpāṇṭi (southern Pandya kingdom) in the Tirunelveli district.[63]
  • Kanyakumari – The novel refers to Kanyakumari north to where, superstitious customs are prevailed in South India.
  • Pandya Desam – The novel mentions that the Pathan merchants came to Venad from Pandya Desam or Pāṇṭyadēśaṁ or the Land of Pandyas.
  • DesinganaduDesinganadu is referred a country on the northern side of Venad; to where Marthanda Varma marches during his conquests in Kollavarsham 906. It is also presented as one of regions where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • Chembakassery – In the novel, Chembakassery is mentioned as an outside region where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • KozhikodeKozhikode is mentioned as one of the regions where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • Kancheepuram – The novel refers to Kancheepuram, where the traditional medicine practitioners consider Hakkim as equival to Vagbhata for his medical excellency.
  • ArcotArcot is mentioned as one of the regions where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • Tiruchirappalli – The novel mentions that king Rama Varma and Thirumukhathu Pilla head to Tiruchirappalli or Thrissinapally to make alliance with Madurai Nayaks and avail additional forces. Tiruchirappalli is also mentioned as one of the regions where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • MaduraiMadurai is mentioned as one of the regions where Padmanabhan Thambi is known for his fame.
  • Thanjavur – The first edition of the novel refers to Thanjavur, from where Sundarayyan suggests bringing beautiful courtesans for Padmanabhan Thambi.
  • Pazhoor Padipura – The novel refers Pazhoor Padipura as Pazhur when Parameswaran Pilla implies astrological practices there.
  • Gokarna – In the novel, Kazhakkoottathu Pilla states that the collateral system of succession is been followed by people in the areas between Gokarna and Kanyakumari.
  • Kasi – In the novel, Parameswaran Pilla points that Kalakutty also left when Marthanda Varma headed to eastern provinces and the former did not go to Kasi or Madurai.

Allied areas and kingdoms

  • NedumangadNedumangad is referred as one of the places where prince Marthanda Varma evaded the attempt on his life by Velu Kuruppu and men. Nedumangad was the base of Pērakatāvaḻi or Perakathavazhi, a branch of Thirupappur Swaroopam (one of the royal households of Venad) and got annexed to Travancore in 1742.[64]
    • Nedumangad fort – In the novel, it is mentioned that prince Marthanda Varma escaped though one of the houses within the fort at Nedumangad.
  • Kilimanoor – In the novel, it is mentioned that the royal servant Narayanayyan leads a force through sea route from Kilimanoor.
    • Kilimanoor palace – The novel mentions that prince Marthanda Varma sends his emissary to Kilimanoor palace or Kilimanoor Kovilakam asking for help.

Other references

  • Kerala – In the novel, Hakkim refers to Kerala and remarks that the place is like heaven.
  • Travancore – Novel refers to Travancore as Tiruvitāṁkūṟ in precognitive narrations and also as an outside province in the flashback narrations eight years before the timeline of the novel about the search for the then absconding husband of Subhadra.
  • Utsavamadam – The novel mentions Utsavamadam or Ulsavamaṭhaṁ as an eatery existed in Thiruvananthapuram locality during the lifetime of the author, C. V. Raman Pillai.

Foreign areas outside India

  • Mecca – The novel refers to Mecca, where Hakkim wants to have his final moments.
  • Red sea – In the novel Hakkim proposes to dumb the ideals of Nuradeen into Red sea when the latter voice against compelling Shamsudeen to marry Zulaikha.
  • Mount Sinai – In the novel, Hakkim says that his mind is strong as the rocks on Mount Sinai, which is referred as saināyi mountain.

Allusion to medicine, sociocultural system and lifestyle practices

Medicine practices

The novel presents that practices of Indian traditional medicine and Unani traditional medicine were prevailed in Venad during the timeline of the story.

Sociocultural system

Lifestyle practices

Allusion to writers, literatures and languages

Writers

The novel refers to Shankaracharyar as kēraḷēcārakaṟttāvŭ, which means the author of customs in Kerala. The novel refers to Venmani Achhan Nambudiripad as kavikulōttaṁsan (one at the crest of poets clan) and compares his lifetime to that of Sundarayyan. The novel also refers to an unnamed poet who lived during the timeline of novel and wrote about Kudamon Pilla that the latter had relationships with multiple women.

Literary works

Story-line adaptations

M. P. Paul also claims that the situations involving either the mad Channan, Subhadra or Thirumukhathu Pilla are similar to situations in William Shakespeare's King Lear and the character of Shanku Assan is similar to that of Dominie Sampson in Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering.[101] Dr. M. Leelavathy suggests that the character of Subhadra is prototyped from the Flora McIvor of Scott's Waverley.[102]
Neelikatha (subplot)
The novel mentions the story of Panchavankattu Neeli (Pañcavankāṭṭunīli, lit. Neeli of Pachavan forest) in the third chapter as narratted by Karthyayani Amma to Parukutty. According to Dr. P. Venugopalan, this is a combination of stories form the ballads Panchavankattu Neelikatha (Pañcavankāṭṭunīlikatha) and Neelikatha (Nīlikatha, lit. story of Neeli).[103] Dr. Thikkurissi Gangadharan states that Kaḷḷiyankāttunīli (Neeli of Kalliyancaud) is changed to Pañcavankāṭṭunīli by the author of the novel.[104]

Appropriations

Languages

The novel mentions the languages Malayalam, Tamil and Hindustani, among which the former one is used primarily for the narration with the adopted words from Tamil, Sanskrit, English, Hindustani, Persian and a conversation in a substitution cipher, Mulabhadra.

Notes

  1. First published history of Travancore (in Malayalam) written by Pachu Moothathu in 1867.
  2. Letters to Tellicherry are records of Madras Presidency published as one of the series among Records of Fort St. George in 12 Volumes by the Superintendent of Government Press, Madras in 1934.
  3. Matilakaṁ Grantavari or Mathilakam Records are palm leaf scrolls (churunas or curuṇakaḷ) with information about Sree Padmanabha Swamy temple and the kingdom of erstwhile Travancore, written in ancient scripts of Kerala such as Vattezhuthu, Kolezhuthu, besidesTamil and Malayalam as royal orders (neettu or nīṭṭŭ), land records (ozhuku or oḻukŭ), treasury notices, taxation records, court proceedings, boundary disputes etc.[26]
  4. C. V. Vyakhyanakosham is a lexicographic work in four volumes published by C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation during 1994–2004, comprising explanations and interpretations of words, phrases, idioms used by C. V. Raman Pillai in his literary works, four novels and nine farces, which include Marthandavarma.
  5. An astrological practice that prevails in Kerala; in which specially selected conch shells are used for conclusions based on zodiacal positions.[71]
  6. Mashinottam is an Indian clairvoyant practice, which includes gazing on the ink laid smooth surface to view the matters that are sought.[84]
  7. Akavoor Mana was a house of namboothiries situated at Vellarappilly near Kalady of Ernakulam district; some of the members of family were ascetics devoted to prayers, meditation, and Thaanthric rites.[85]

Geographical notes

  1. Dhanuvachapuram is a village in Perumkadavila taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district.
  2. Eithukondamkani is a locality in Perumkadavila taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district.
  3. Marayamuttom is a village in Neyyattinkara taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district.
  4. Malakulangara is a locality in Perumkadavila taluk of Thiruvananthapuram district.
  5. Budhanoor is a village in Chengannur taluk of Alappuzha district.
  6. Puthenkotta is a locality between Attakulangara and Karamana in Thiruvananthapuram city.
  7. Thirukannangudi is a sub-locality, in the Thirukkurungudi locality of Tirunelveli district.

Biographical notes

  1. T. K. Velu Pillai (1882–1950), was a schoolteacher, later an advocate and civil servant, then a legislator, a writer in Malayalam and English who revised the Travancore State Manual in 1940.[3]
  2. P. Shangoony Menon (1815–1880), was a clerk, then Assistant Record Keeper at the Travancore royal palace, he was Dewan Peishkar, served at Padmanabhapuram and Kollam, authored History of Travancore from the Earliest Times.[8]
  3. Dr. A. P. Ibrahim Kunju (1921–2000), got his PhD from University of Kerala for the research thesis Mārtāṇḍa Varma and his Times; was a reader and professor in University of Calicut.[11]
  4. P. K. Parameswaran Nair (1903–1988), was a clerk in Travancore Devaswom then supervisor in Lexicon Department at University of Kerala, was a writer in Malayalam who wrote biographies of C. V. Raman Pillai and Chattampi Swamikal, also authored history of Malayalam literature as Ādhunikamalayāḷasāhityaṁ, Malayāḷasahityacaritraṁ.[15]
  5. Dr. M.G. Sasibhooshan, a historian and researcher in the mural arts of Kerala, was a reader at the University College Thiruvananthapuram and former director of Kerala State Literacy Mission Authority.[48][49]
  6. Dr. P. V. Velayudhan Pillai (1931–?) was a lecturer in Malayalam at University of Kerala, later became head of the department. He is a writer in Malayalam known under the pen-name, Āluvā PiVi. He is the author of Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa (Si.vi nōvalukaḷ oru punaṟvāyana) and editor of Si.Vi.yuṭe Sāhityalōkaṁ.[93]

References

  1. Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. p. 330.
  2. Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I, Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 109.
  3. Raimon, S. (1996). "T.K. Velu Pillai, A biographical note". THE TRAVANCORE STATE MANUAL VOL -I. KCHR Publications.
  4. 1 2 Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mordern History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 256–259.
  5. 1 2 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 402. ISBN 8171301304.
  6. 1 2 Kunju, Dr. A.P. Ibrahim (2005) [1990]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയുടെ ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം" [Early life of Marthanda Varma]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 26–27.
  7. Gopalakrishnan, Dr. Naduvattom (2008). "പെരുങ്കടവിള ഈഴക്കുടി" [Ezhava house at Perunkadavila]. Nāṭōṭi Caritrakkathakaḷ നാടോടി ചരിത്രക്കഥകൾ [Folk historical stories] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Malu Ben Publications. pp. 61–62.
  8. Pilla, V. R. Parameswaran (2012) [1973]. "ഗ്രന്ഥകാരനെ പറ്റി" [About the author]. Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ചരിത്രം [Travancore History] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: State Institute of Languages. pp. xi–xiii. ISBN 9788176380744.
  9. 1 2 Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 106, 108, 110.
  10. Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 328–330.
  11. B, Kumari Vanaja N., ed. (2005) [1990]. "ഡോ. എ. പി. ഇബ്രാഹിംകുഞ്ഞ്" [Dr. A.P. Ibrahim Kunju]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. p. Inside front cover.
  12. Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mediaeval History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. 232, 260-261. Last Phase of Mediaeval History
  13. 1 2 Kunju, Dr. A.P. Ibrahim (2005) [1990]. "പതിനേഴാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിലെ വേണാടു രാഷ്ട്രീയം" [Venadu politics in seventeenth century]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 20–22.
  14. 1 2 Kunju, Dr. A.P. Ibrahim (2005) [1990]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയുടെ ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം" [Early life of Marthanda Varma]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 28–29.
  15. Varma, Ezhumattoor Rajaraja (2011). Pi. Ke. Paramēśvaran Nāyaṟ പി. കെ. പരമേശ്വരൻനായർ [P. K. Parameswaran Nair]. Thiruvananthapuram: P. K. Parameswaran Nair Memorial Trust. pp. 58–310. ISBN 9788124019139.
  16. Nair, P. K. Parameswaran (1959) [1948]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയിലൂടെ" [Through Marthandavarma]. Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള [C. V. Raman Pillai] (in Malayalam). Thriuvananthapuram: Kerala Sahitya Sahakarana Sangham. p. 131.
  17. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: സൃഷ്ടിയും സ്വരൂപവും" [Marthandavarma: Creation and Formation]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 87. ISBN 8171301304.
  18. 1 2 Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 116–117.
  19. 1 2 3 Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. 327, 333-334.
  20. 1 2 Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. p. 335.
  21. 1 2 Pillay, Nanoo (1974). "The Sketch of Progress of Travancore". In Elenkath, K. R. Dewan Nanoo Pillay. Neyyoor-West: Dewan Nanoo Pillay Memorial Reading Room. pp. 126–129.
  22. 1 2 3 Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mordern History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 271–273.
  23. 1 2 Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 120–121.
  24. 1 2 Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 336–339.
  25. Kunju, Dr. A.P. Ibrahim (2005) [1990]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയുടെ ആദ്യകാല ജീവിതം" [Early life of Marthanda Varma]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 31–32.
  26. "Our archival heritage". METRO PLUS (Thiruvananthapuram: The Hindu). 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2012.
  27. 1 2 Pillai, T.K. Velu, ed. (1996) [1940]. "M. Doc. CXXX". The Travancore State Manual (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 115–117 (Historical Documents).
  28. 1 2 Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I, Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 114–115.
  29. Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mordern History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. p. 262.
  30. 1 2 Pilla, Prof. N. Krishna; Nair, Prof. V. Anandakkuttan (2009) [1983]. "കഥാകാലം; സംഭവസ്ഥലങ്ങൾ" [Timeline of story; Incident locations]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. pp. 126–127. ISBN 8171301304.
  31. Pilla, Prof. N. Krishna; Nair, Prof. V. Anandakkuttan (2009) [1983]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ചരിത്രവും കല്പനയും" [Marthandavarma: History and Figment]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. pp. 102–103. ISBN 8171301304.
  32. Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 314–315.
  33. Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mordern History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 268–269.
  34. Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 125–126.
  35. Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mordern History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 274–278.
  36. Kunju, Dr. A.P. Ibrahim (2005) [1990]. "പതിനെട്ടാം നൂറ്റാണ്ടിൽ തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ വികാസം" [Expansion of Travancore in Eighteenth Century]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma: Ādhunika Tiruvitāṁkūṟinṟe Udayaṁ മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ആധുനിക തിരുവിതാംകൂറിന്റെ ഉദയം [Marthanda Varma : Rise of Modern Travancore] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Cultural Publications Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 34–35.
  37. Pillay, Nanoo (1974). "The Sketch of Progress of Travancore". In Elenkath, K. R. Dewan Nanoo Pillay. Neyyoor-West: Dewan Nanoo Pillay Memorial Reading Room. pp. 129–130.
  38. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 417. ISBN 8171301304.
  39. Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I, Chapter II". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. 122-123, 127, 173.
  40. Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. p. 310.
  41. Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 97–100.
  42. Pillai, T.K. Velu (1996) [1940]. "Mediaeval History". The Travancore State Manual II. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 220–225. The Temple and the State
  43. Menon, P. Shangoony (1998) [1879]. "Chapter I". History of Travancore from the Earliest Times. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. pp. 102–103.
  44. Aiya, V. Nagam (1999) [1906]. "Chapter VI". The Travancore State Manual I. Thiruvananthapuram: Kerala Gazetteers Department, Govt. of Kerala. pp. 311–313.
  45. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi, ed. (2011). "ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് (പാട്ട്)" [Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr (song)]. Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr Oru Pṭhanaṁ ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് ഒരു പഠനം [Fight of Ravikutty Pillai : A study] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. pp. 203–207.
  46. Pillai, C.V. Raman (1891) [1991]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. 52, 99-100, 103.
  47. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2004). "ശാ" [Śā]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 490.
  48. Jayakumar, K.; Rajendran, Vilakudi (2012) [1994]. "ആമുഖം" [Preface]. In Jayakrishnan, N. Kēraḷattila Cuvaṟcitraṅṅaḷ കേരളത്തിലെ ചുവർചിത്രങ്ങൾ [Murals in Kerala] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: State Institute of Languages. ISBN 9788176382786.
  49. D C Books editor, ed. (2013) [2011]. Caritṟaṁkuṟicca Śṟīpatmanābhasvāmi Kṣētraṁ ചരിത്രംകുറിച്ച ശ്രീപത്മനാഭസ്വാമി ക്ഷേത്രം [Sree Padmanabhaswamy temple that marked the history] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 2. ISBN 9788126433513.
  50. Sasibhooshan, Dr. M. G. (2013). "പെരുന്തച്ചന്റെ ബലിഷ്ഠശില്പങ്ങൾ" [Perunthachan's Strong Structures]. In Nair, Prof. Panmana Ramachandran. Si. Vi. Paṭhanaṅṅaḷ സി. വി. പഠനങ്ങൾ [C. V. Studies] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: P. K. Parameswaran Nair Memorial Trust. p. 142. ISBN 9788124019566.
  51. 1 2 3 4 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. pp. 400–401. ISBN 8171301304.
  52. Varatharajan, K. P. (2000). "அத்தியாயம் 3" [Chapter 3]. Tiruvaṭi Tēcaṁ Tiruppāppūr Paramparai Śrīmat Aṉantapatmanāpaṉ Nāṭār Varalāṟu திருவடி தேசம் திருப்பாப்பூர் பரம்பரை மாவீரன் ஶ்ரீமத் அனந்தபத்மநாபன் நாடார் வரலாறு [History of great hero Mr. Ananthapadmanabhan Nadar in Thripappur lineage of Thiruvati nation] (in Tamil). Kattathurai: Ananthapadmanabhan Trust. p. 26.
  53. Nair, P. K. Parameswaran (1959) [1948]. "ബാല്യം" [Childhood]. Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള [C. V. Raman Pillai] (in Malayalam). Thriuvananthapuram: Kerala Sahithya Sahakarana Sangham. 3-4, 6-8.
  54. Pilla, Prof. N. Krishna; Nair, Prof. V. Anandakkuttan (2009) [1983]. "കഥാകാലം; സംഭവസ്ഥലങ്ങൾ" [Timeline of story; Incident locations]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 128. ISBN 8171301304.
  55. Valath, V. V. K. (1998). "തിരുവനന്തപുരം" [Thiruvananthapuram]. Kēraḷattile Sthalacaritraṅṅaḷ : Tiruvaṉantapuraṁ Jilla കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ജില്ല [Locality histories in Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram district] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. p. 33.
  56. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 403. ISBN 8171301304.
  57. Pilla, Sooranad Kunjan (1998) [1992]. "കിഴക്കേ കോട്ടയും പടിഞ്ഞാറേ കോട്ടയും" [East fort and West fort]. Kēraḷattile Sthalacaritraṅṅaḷ : Tiruvaṉantapuraṁ Jilla കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ജില്ല [Locality histories in Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram district] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. pp. 170–171.
  58. Valath, V. V. K. (1998). "കിഴക്കേ കോട്ടയും പടിഞ്ഞാറേ കോട്ടയും" [East fort and West fort]. Kēraḷattile Sthalacaritraṅṅaḷ : Tiruvaṉantapuraṁ Jilla കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ജില്ല [Locality histories in Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram district] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. pp. 48–50.
  59. Moothathu, Vaikkath Pachu (1986) [1867]. Tiruvitāṁkūṟ Caritraṁ തിരുവിതാംകൂർ ചരിത്രം [Travancore History] (in Malayalam). Kochi: Prathibha Publications. p. 20.
  60. Nair, P. K. Parameswaran (1959) [1948]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മയിലൂടെ" [Through Marthandavarma]. Si. Vi. Rāman Piḷḷa സി. വി. രാമൻ പിള്ള [C. V. Raman Pillai] (in Malayalam). Thriuvananthapuram: Kerala Sahithya Sahakarana Sangham. p. 133.
  61. Parthan (2011). "അനന്തപത്മനാഭൻ നാടാരും തിരുവിതാംകൂർ നിർമ്മിതിയും" [Ananthapadmanabhan Nadar and Travancore formation]. In Immanuel, Dr. M.; Sarveswaran, Dr. P. Māvīraṉ Taḷapati Aṉantapatmanāpaṉ மாவீரன் தளபதி அனந்தபத்மநாபன் [Great Commander Ananthapadmanabhan] (in Malayalam). Nagercoil: Cultural Historical Linguistic Indigenous Research Organisation, India. p. 150.
  62. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "ചെ" [Ce]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 716.
  63. Pazhani, Dr. T. (2003). "Introduction". Social Change among the Vellalas of Nanchinad. Aluva: Pen Books. pp. 13–17.
  64. Valath, V. V. K. (1998). "അഗസ്ത്യമുടി മുതൽ അരുവിപ്പുറം വരെ" [From Agastya peak to Aruvipuram]. Kēraḷattile Sthalacaritraṅṅaḷ : Tiruvaṉantapuraṁ Jilla കേരളത്തിലെ സ്ഥലചരിത്രങ്ങൾ : തിരുവനന്തപുരം ജില്ല [Locality histories in Kerala : Thiruvananthapuram district] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. p. 68.
  65. Menon, B.K (1936). "Chapter XV". Marthanda varma (First ed.). Trivandrum: Kamalalaya Book Depot. p. 66.
  66. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2002). "ബോ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) III. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 821. ബോധംക്ഷയിപ്പിച്ചു [after making unconscious]
  67. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2004). "സ" [Sa]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 655. സംസാരിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിന് [to make talk]
  68. 1 2 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 424. ISBN 8171301304.
  69. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2004). "ഹാ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. pp. 885–856.
  70. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2002). "പെ" [Pe]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) III. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 606.
  71. "Prasnam". Services. Kottayam: PN Sreedharan Nampoothiri, Piraliyil Illam. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  72. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "ചോ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 759. ചോതിഷം [jyotish]
  73. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "കെ" [Ke]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 383. കെരവപ്പുഴ [misalignment of astrological aspects]
  74. 1 2 3 4 5 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 420. ISBN 8171301304.
  75. 1 2 Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Kartha, K. B.; Nair, Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran; Omana, Ms. P. V., eds. (1994). "ഊ" [Ū]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) I. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 689.
  76. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2002). "പാ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) III. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 485.
  77. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Kartha, K. B.; Nair, Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran; Omana, Ms. P. V., eds. (1994). "ഉ" [U]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) I. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 663.
  78. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Kartha, K. B.; Nair, Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran; Omana, Ms. P. V., eds. (1994). "അ" [A]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) I. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 225.
  79. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "കു" [Ku]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 312.
  80. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "ചാ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 670.
  81. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 428. ISBN 8171301304.
  82. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Kartha, K. B.; Nair, Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran; Omana, Ms. P. V., eds. (1994). "ഉ" [U]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) I. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 585.
  83. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Kartha, K. B.; Nair, Prof. Aliam Bhaskaran; Omana, Ms. P. V., eds. (1994). "അ" [A]. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) I. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 36. അഞ്ജനക്കാരനെ [a clairvoyant who observes through ink]
  84. Narayanan, K. S. (2010). "Mashinottam, A unique Divinatory Path". Articles on Astrology. Chennai: Express Starteller. Retrieved September 10, 2015.
  85. Narayanan, Dr Akavoor (2005). Bhattathiripad, P. Vinod, ed. "Akavoor Mana". Some Namboothiri Illams. Calicut: Namboothiri Websites Trust.
  86. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 412. ISBN 8171301304.
  87. Krishnan, K. S. (1991) [1988]. "പ്രകൃതിശക്തികൾ—സി.വി. സാഹിത്യത്തിൽ" [Natural forces in C. V. literature]. Si. Vi. Caritrākhyāyikakaḷilūṭe സി. വി. ചരിത്രാഖ്യായികകളിലൂടെ [C. V., through the Historical Narratives] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. pp. 119–120.
  88. 1 2 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 411. ISBN 8171301304.
  89. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (1997). "കാ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) II. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 158. കാടുമറഞ്ഞുപോകുക [decease]
  90. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 436. ISBN 8171301304.
  91. Pillai, Dr. A. M. Vasudevan (1991). "സി. വി. രാമൻപിള്ളയുടെ രാഷ്ട്രീയ നോവലുകൾ" [Political novels of C. V. Raman Pillai]. Nōvaluṁ Rāṣṭṟīyavuṁ നോവലും രാഷ്ട്രീയവും [Novel and Politics] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. pp. 48–51. എട്ടുവീട്ടിൽ പിള്ളമാരും ജനാധിപത്യചിന്തയും [Ettuveettil Pillas and thought of democracy]
  92. Janarthanan, M. (June 2008). "Origin of Nayar society". A History of Nayars of South Travancore (Ph.D.). Tirunelveli: Manonmaniam Sundaranar University. 23, 26–27.
  93. (Editor), ed. (2000). "ഡോ. പി.വി. വേലായുധൻപിള്ള" [Dr. P. V. Velayudhan Pillai]. Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa (Si.vi nōvalukaḷ oru punaṟvāyana) ആണുങ്ങളില്ലാത്ത കൊറ വല്യകൊറ (സി.വി. നോവലുകൾ ഒരു പുനർവായന) [Scarcity of Men is a major exiguity (C. V. Novels, a re-reading)] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Prabhatham Printing and Publishing Co. p. 4.
  94. Pillai, Dr. P. V. Velayudhan (2000). "ചരിത്രനോവലുകളല്ല" [Not Historical Novels]. Āṇuṅṅaḷillātta Koṟa Valyakoṟa (Si.vi nōvalukaḷ oru punaṟvāyana) ആണുങ്ങളില്ലാത്ത കൊറ വല്യകൊറ (സി.വി. നോവലുകൾ ഒരു പുനർവായന) [Scarcity of Men is a major exiguity (C. V. Novels, a re-reading)] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Prabhatham Printing and Publishing Co. p. 18.
  95. Benjamin, Dr. D. (2010) [1994]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: ഒരു പുനഃപരിശോധന" [Marthandavarma: A Re-examination]. Nōvalsāhityapaṭhanaṅṅaḷ നോവൽസാഹിത്യപഠനങ്ങൾ [Novel literature studies] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: MaluBen Publications. p. 25. ISBN 9788187480655.
  96. Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana, eds. (2002). "ബോ" []. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) III. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. pp. 387–388. സ്ത്രീവിഷയത്തിലുള്ള ആർത്തി.. [craze in women]
  97. 1 2 3 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ: സൃഷ്ടിയും സ്വരൂപവും" [Marthandavarma: Creation and Formation]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. pp. 84–85. ISBN 8171301304.
  98. Sarveswaran, Dr. P., ed. (1982). Ōṭṭaṉ Katai ஓட்டன் கதை [Runner Tale] (in Tamil). Madurai: Mano Publishers. 12-16, 22-24, 31.
  99. Devi, R. Leela (1978). "Historical Novels". Influence of English on Malayalam Novels. Trivandrum: College Book House. pp. 84–85.
  100. George, K. M. (1978). "The Novel". Western Influence on Malayalam Language and Literature. New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 97.
  101. 1 2 Paul, M. P. (1991) [1930]. "ഭാഷാനോവൽ–സി. വി. രാമൻപിള്ള" [Novel in Language – C. V. Raman Pilla]. Nōvalsāhityaṁ നോവൽസാഹിത്യം [Novel Literature] (in Malayalam) (First Poorna ed.). Kozhikode: Poorna Publications. pp. 136–143.
  102. Nair, S. Guptan (1992). "Marthandavarma". C. V. Raman Pillai (First ed.). New Delhi: Sahitya Akademi. p. 30.
  103. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 404. ISBN 8171301304.
  104. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (August 22, 2012). Madhusudanan, M. S.; Vellayani, Manju, eds. "Kēraḷakaumudi Āḻcappatippŭ" കേരളകൗമുദി ആഴ്ചപ്പതിപ്പ് [Kerala Kaumudi Weekily] (in Malayalam) 16 (34). Thriruvananthapuram: Kerala Kaumudi: 15. വേണാട്ടിലെ യക്ഷികൾ [Fairies of Venad]
  105. Variyar, Unnayi (2003) [1700–1750]. "രംഗം ഒന്ന്" [Scene One]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Onnāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (ഒന്നാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (1st day)] (in Malayalam) (Fourth ed.). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 29.
  106. Variyar, Unnayi (2001) [1700–1750]. "രംഗം ഒന്ന്" [Scene One]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Raṇṭāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (രണ്ടാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (2nd day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 30.
  107. Variyar, Unnayi (2007) [1700–1750]. "രംഗം ഒന്ന്" [Scene One]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Mūnnāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (മൂന്നാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (3rd day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 47.
  108. Variyar, Unnayi (2007) [1700–1750]. "രംഗം ആറ്" [Scene Six]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Mūnnāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (മൂന്നാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (3rd day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 102.
  109. Variyar, Unnayi (2007) [1700–1750]. "രംഗം ഒന്ന്" [Scene One]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Mūnnāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (മൂന്നാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (3rd day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 44.
  110. Variyar, Unnayi (2003) [1700–1750]. "ഒന്നാം രംഗം" [First Scene]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Nālāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (നാലാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (4th day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 28.
  111. Variyar, Unnayi (2003) [1700–1750]. "ഒമ്പതാം രംഗം" [Ninth Scene]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Nālāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (നാലാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (4th day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 52.
  112. Variyar, Unnayi (2003) [1700–1750]. "ആറാം രംഗം" [Sixth Scene]. Naḷacaritaṁ (Nālāṁ Divasaṁ) നളചരിതം (നാലാം ദിവസം) [Nalacharitham (4th day)] (in Malayalam). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. p. 42.
  113. Ezhuthachan, Thunchathu (1999) [1500–1699]. Śrīmahābhārataṁ Strīpaṟvvaṁ ശ്രീമഹാഭാരതം സ്ത്രീപർവ്വം [Great Mahabharat – Lady Section] (in Malayalam) (Fourth ed.). Kottayam: Sahitya Pravarthaka Co-operative Society Ltd. pp. 44–45.
  114. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2004). "അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ" [Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations]. In Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 922.
  115. 1 2 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2004). "അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ" [Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations]. In Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 919.
  116. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 414. ISBN 8171301304.
  117. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2004). "അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ" [Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations]. In Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 920.
  118. 1 2 3 4 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2004). "അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ" [Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations]. In Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 921.
  119. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 426. ISBN 8171301304.
  120. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 410. ISBN 8171301304.
  121. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (2011). "വിൽപാട്ട് എന്ന കലാരൂപം" [The art form known as Vilpāṭṭŭ]. Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr Oru Pṭhanaṁ ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് ഒരു പഠനം [Fight of Ravikutty Pillai : A study] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. p. 36.
  122. 1 2 Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (2011). "വിൽപാട്ട് എന്ന കലാരൂപം" [The art form known as Vilpāṭṭŭ]. Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr Oru Pṭhanaṁ ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് ഒരു പഠനം [Fight of Ravikutty Pillai : A study] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. pp. 43–47.
  123. 1 2 Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 427. ISBN 8171301304.
  124. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2004). "അനുബന്ധം 3 : ഉദ്ധരണങ്ങൾ, ഉപാദാനങ്ങൾ" [Annexure 3 : Quotations, Appropriations]. In Balakrishnan, Dr. B. C.; Satheesh, Mrs. P. V. Omana. Si. Vi. Vyākhyānakōśaṁ സി. വി. വ്യാഖ്യാനകോശം [C. V. Exegetic Dictionary] (in Malayalam) IV. Thiruvananthapuram: C. V. Raman Pillai National Foundation. p. 918.
  125. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 413. ISBN 8171301304.
  126. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (2011). "പഴകനല്ലൂർ നീലികഥ" [Paḻakanallūṟ Nīli Story]. Vēṇāṭinṟe Kthāgānaṅṅaḷ വേണാടിന്റെ കഥാഗാനങ്ങൾ [Ballads of Venad] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. 381, 384.
  127. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi, ed. (2011). "പഴകനല്ലൂർ നീലികഥ" [Paḻakanallūṟ Nīli Story]. Vēṇāṭinṟe Kthāgānaṅṅaḷ വേണാടിന്റെ കഥാഗാനങ്ങൾ [Ballads of Venad] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. pp. 397–466.
  128. Padmakumari, Prof. J., ed. (2009). "നീലികഥ" [Nīli Story]. Tekkan Pāṭṭukaḷ : Pāṭhavuṁ Paṭhanavuṁ തെക്കൻ പാട്ടുകൾ : പാഠവും പഠനവും [Southern Ballads : Text and Study] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. pp. 239–301.
  129. Padmakumari, Prof. J., ed. (2009). "പൊന്നറിത്താൾ കഥ" [Ponnaṟittāḷ Story]. Tekkan Pāṭṭukaḷ : Pāṭhavuṁ Paṭhanavuṁ തെക്കൻ പാട്ടുകൾ : പാഠവും പഠനവും [Southern Ballads : Text and Study] (in Malayalam). Thrissur: Kerala Sahitya Akademi. p. 320.
  130. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (2011). "പൊന്നറിത്താൾ കഥ" [Ponnaṟittāḷ Story]. Vēṇāṭinṟe Kthāgānaṅṅaḷ വേണാടിന്റെ കഥാഗാനങ്ങൾ [Ballads of Venad] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. pp. 485–486.
  131. Pilla, P. Govinda, ed. (1917). Malayāḷattile Paḻaya Pāṭṭukaḷ മലയാളത്തിലെ പഴയ പാട്ടുകൾ [Old songs in Malayalam] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Vidyavilasa Prasideekaranashala. p. 33.
  132. Pilla, P. Govinda, ed. (1917). Malayāḷattile Paḻaya Pāṭṭukaḷ മലയാളത്തിലെ പഴയ പാട്ടുകൾ [Old songs in Malayalam] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Vidyavilasa Prasideekaranashala. 192, 202.
  133. Pilla, P. Govinda, ed. (1917). Malayāḷattile Paḻaya Pāṭṭukaḷ മലയാളത്തിലെ പഴയ പാട്ടുകൾ [Old songs in Malayalam] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Vidyavilasa Prasideekaranashala. p. 187.
  134. Pilla, P. Govinda, ed. (1917). Malayāḷattile Paḻaya Pāṭṭukaḷ മലയാളത്തിലെ പഴയ പാട്ടുകൾ [Old songs in Malayalam] (in Malayalam). Thiruvananthapuram: Vidyavilasa Prasideekaranashala. pp. 196–197.
  135. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "സൂചിതസാഹിത്യകൃതികൾ – ഒരു പഠനം" [Referred Literary Works – A Study]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 124. ISBN 8171301304.
  136. Gangadharan, Dr. Thikkurissi (2011). "പാഠഭേദങ്ങൾ" [Text variations]. Iravikkuṭṭippiḷḷappōr Oru Pṭhanaṁ ഇരവിക്കുട്ടിപ്പിള്ളപ്പോര് ഒരു പഠനം [Fight of Ravikutty Pillai : A study] (in Malayalam). Thriruvananthapuram: Sahithya Kairali Publications. pp. 142–143.
  137. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 432. ISBN 8171301304.
  138. Venugopalan, Dr. P. (2009) [1992]. "വ്യാഖ്യാനക്കുറിപ്പുകൾ" [Explanatory notes]. Māṟttāṇḍavaṟmma മാർത്താണ്ഡവർമ്മ [Marthandavarma] (in Malayalam) (Definitive Variorum ed.). Kottayam: D. C. Books. p. 435. ISBN 8171301304.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Tuesday, May 03, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.