List of butterflies of India (Pyrginae)
Chestnut Angle Odontoptilum angulatum, a pyrgine skipper found in India.
This is a list of the butterflies of India belonging to the subfamily Pyrginae of the family Hesperiidae and an index to the species articles. The butterflies of this subfamily are commonly referred to as Flats because of their habit of holding the wings flat at all times. They are also known as angles, elfs or grizzled skippers.
This list forms part of the full list of butterflies of India (Hesperiidae) which itself is part of the complete list of butterflies of India.
A total of 69 species belonging to twenty one genera are found in India.
Checklist
Capila - The Dawnflies
Evans (1932) had listed the various spp of Capila under a number of different genera:
- Orthopaetus group (the Dawnflies)
- Lidderdale's Dawnfly Capila lidderdali (Elwes, 1888)[1][2][3]
- Fulvous Dawnfly Capila phanaeus (Hewitson, 1867)[1][2][4]
- Capila group (the Striped Dawnflies)
- Pale striped Dawnfly Capila zennara (Moore, 1865)[1][2][5]
- Striped Dawnfly Capila jayadeva (Moore, 1865)[1][2][6]
- Crossiura group (the Fringed Dawnfly)
- Fringed Dawnfly Capila pennicillatum (de Nicéville, 1893)[1][2][7]
- Calliana group (the White Dawnfly)
- White Dawnfly Capila pieridoides (Moore, 1878)[1][2] (Calliana pieridoides as per LepIndex[8])
Caprona - The Angles
Golden Angle WSF
- Golden Angle, Caprona ransonnetti (Felder, 1868)[9][10][11][12]
- Spotted Angle, Caprona agama (Moore, 1857)[9][10]
Carcharodus - The Mallow Skipper
- Mallow Skipper Carcharodus alceae (Esper, 1780)
- Carcharodus dravira (Moore, [1875])
Celaenorrhinus - The Spotted Flats
- Malabar Spotted Flat, Celaenorrhinus ambareesa (Moore, 1865)[13]
- White-banded Flat Celaenorrhinus asmara (Butler, [1879])[13]
- Large Streaked Flat Celaenorrhinus aspersa Leech, 1891[13]
- Dark Yellow-banded Flat Celaenorrhinus aurivittata (Moore, [1879])[13]
- Himalayan Yellow Flat Celaenorrhinus dhanada (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Velvet Flat Celaenorrhinus ficulnea (Hewitson, 1868)[13]
- Common Spotted Flat, Celaenorrhinus leucocera (Kollar, 1848)[13]
- Pied Flat Celaenorrhinus morena Evans, 1949[14]
- Small Banded Flat Celaenorrhinus nigricans (de Nicéville, 1885)[13]
- Large Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus patula de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Mussoorie Pied Flat Celaenorrhinus pero Leech, 1894[13]
- Multispotted Flat, Celaenorrhinus pulomaya (Moore, 1865)[13]
- Common Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus putra (Moore, 1865)
- Double Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889[13]
- Celaenorrhinus ratna Frühstorfer, 1909[13]
- Tamil Spotted Flat, Celaenorrhinus ruficornis (Mabille, 1878)[13]
- Black Flat Celaenorrhinus spilothyrus (Felder, 1868)[13]
- de Nicéville's Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus sumitra (Moore, 1865)
- Scarce Banded Flat Celaenorrhinus badia (Hewitson, 1877)[13]
- Bhutan Flat Celaenorrhinus flavocincta (de Nicéville, 1887)[15]
- Himalayan Spotted Flat Celaenorrhinus munda (Moore, 1884)[13]
Chamunda - The Olive Flat
- Olive Flat Chamunda chamunda (Moore, 1865)[16]
Coladenia - The Pied Flats
Tricolur Flat
- Brown Pied Flat Coladenia agni (de Nicéville, 1883)[17]
- Tricolour Pied Flat Coladenia indrani (Moore, 1865)[17]
- Elwes' Pied Flat Coladenia agnioides Elwes & Edwards, 1897[17]
Ctenoptilum - The Tawny Angle
Darpa - The Hairy Angle
- Hairy Angle Darpa hanria (Moore, 1865)[19]
- Darpa striata (Druce, 1873)
- Darpa pteria (Hewitson, 1868)[19]
Gerosis - Yellow-breast Flats
- Common Yellow-breast Flat Gerosis bhagava (Moore, [1866])[20]
- Dusky Yellow-breast Flat Gerosis phisara (Moore, 1884)[20]
- Chinese Yellow-breast Flat Gerosis sinica (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1862)[20]
Gomalia - The Marbled Skipper
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Marbled Skipper
- African Mallow/Marbled Skipper Gomalia elma (Trimen, 1862)[21]
Lobocla - The Marbled Flat
- Marbled Flat Lobocla liliana (Atkinson, 1871)[22]
Mooreana - The Yellow Flat
- Yellow Flat Mooreana trichoneura (M. t. pralaya, (Moore, 1865))[23]
Odina - The Zigzag Flat
Odontoptilum - The Chestnut Angle
- Chestnut/Banded Angle Odontoptilum angulatum (Felder, 1862)[25]
Pseudocoladenia
Fulvous Pied Flat
- Fulvous Pied Flat, Pseudocoladenia dan (Fabricius, 1787)[26] previously Coladenia dan
- Pseudocoladenia festa (Evans, 1949)[26]
- Pseudocoladenia fatua (Evans, 1949)[26]
Pyrgus - The Grizzled Skippers
- Pyrgus alpinus (Erschoff, 1874)[27]
- Pyrgus cashmirensis Moore, 1874[27]
Sarangesa - The Small Flats
Common Small Flat
- Common Small Flat Sarangesa dasahara (Moore, 1865)[28]
- Spotted Small Flat, Sarangesa purendra (Moore, 1882)[28]
- Tiny Flat Sarangesa sati de Nicéville, 1891[28]
Satarupa - The White Flats
- Large White Flat Satarupa gopala (Moore, 1865)[29]
- Satarupa splendens Tytler, 1914[29]
Seseria - The White Flats
- Himalayan White Flat Seseria dohertyi Watson, 1863[30]
- Sikkim White Flat Seseria sambara (Moore, 1865)[30]
Spialia - Grizzled Skippers
- Indian Grizzled Skipper or Indian Skipper, Spialia galba (Fabricius, 1793)[31]
- Desert Grizzled Skipper Spialia doris (Walker, 1870)[31]
- Zebra Grizzled Skipper Spialia zebra (Butler, 1888)[31]
Tagiades - The Snow Flats
Suffused Snow Flat
- Flat Tagiades cohaerens Mabille, 1914[32] (T. c. cynthia Evans, 1934)
- Ceylon Snow Flat Tagiades distans Moore[32]
- Immaculate/Large/Suffused Snow Flat, Tagiades gana (Moore, 1865)[32][33]
- Common Snow Flat, Tagiades japetus (Stoll, 1781)[32]
- Water Snow Flat, Tagiades litigiosa (Möschler, 1878)[32]
- Spotted Snow Flat Tagiades menaka (Moore, 1865)[32]
- Tagiades parra Frühstorfer, 1910[32]
- Tagiades toba de Nicéville, 1896[32]
Tapena - The Black Angle
BLack Angle DSF
Black Angle WSF
- Black Angle Tapena thwaitesi Moore, 1881[34][35][36]
Cited references
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Capila genus.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Brower, Andrew V. Z. 2007. Capila Moore 1866. Version 4 March 2007 (under construction). Page on genus Capila in The Tree of Life Web Project, http://tolweb.org/]
- ↑ Card for Capila lidderdali in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila phanaeus in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila zennara in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila jayadeva in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Capila pennicillatum in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Calliana pieridoides in LepIndex. Accessed 5 November 2007.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Caprona genus.
- 1 2 TOL web page on genus Caprona
- ↑ Card for Caprona ransonnetti in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.
- ↑ Card for Caprona agama in LepIndex. Accessed 22 November 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Celaenorrhinus genus.
- ↑ Card for morena in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.
- ↑ Card for flavocincta in LepIndex. Accessed 31 July 2007.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Chamunda genus.
- 1 2 3 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Coladenia genus.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Ctenoptilum genus.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Darpa genus.
- 1 2 3 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Gerosis genus.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Gomalia genus.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Lobocla genus.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Mooreana genus.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Odina genus.
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Odontoptilum genus.
- 1 2 3 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera on Pseudocoladenia genus.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera - Page on genus Pyrgus .
- 1 2 3 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Sarangesa genus.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Satarupa genus.
- 1 2 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Seseria genus.
- 1 2 3 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Spialia genus.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera Page on Tagiades genus.
- ↑ Haribal, 1994:200 Mentions Tagiades parra gala Evans, 1949
- ↑ Marrku Savela's Website on Lepidoptera. Page on genus Tapena.
- ↑ Card for Tapena thwaitesi in LepIndex. Accessed 12 October 2007.
- ↑ TOL web page on genus Tapena thwaitesi
References
- Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. 2nd Ed, (i to x, pp454, 9 figs, Plates I to XXXII), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
- Gay,Thomas; Kehimkar,Isaac & Punetha,J.C. (1992) Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
- Haribal, Meena. (1992) Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History (pp 217). Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh. (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India, (i to xviii, pp254, Plates 1 to 32) Universities Press (India) Ltd, Hyderabad (reprint 2006). ISBN 81-7371-354-5
- Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
Online
- Beccaloni, G. W., Scoble, M. J., Robinson, G. S. & Pitkin, B. (Editors). 2003. The Global Lepidoptera Names Index (LepIndex). World Wide Web electronic publication. (accessed 26 September 2007).
- Savela, Marrku Website on Lepidoptera (accessed 26 September 2007)
See also
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