List of college football games played outside the United States

Notre Dame and Navy captains take part in the 2012 Emerald Isle Classic in Dublin.

In the United States, college football has been played since the 1869 season when Princeton and Rutgers played the first game. In the early years of the game, Harvard University and McGill University developed a rivalry that is credited with the establishment of modern American football.[1][2][3] The first game played outside the United States occurred on October 23, 1874, when the Crimson defeated McGill 3–0 at Montreal.[1][3] Several other games were played during the early years of the game in Canada until the differences between American and Canadian football became significant enough that Canadian and American universities ceased playing one-another.[3] In addition to the early Canadian games, several teams competed in the Bacardi Bowl at Havana, Cuba until it was discontinued after the 1946 edition of the game.[4]

Although not common, National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) rules allow for member institutions to compete in regular season games scheduled in foreign countries no more than once every four years.[5] The first of these games occurred in 1976 when Grambling State defeated Morgan State in the Pioneer Bowl at Korakuen Stadium in Tokyo.[6] After that initial game, a regular season game called the Mirage Bowl (later called the Coca-Cola Classic) was played in Tokyo from 1977 to 1993.[7] Since 1977, regular season games have also been played in Australia, Bermuda, Germany, Ireland, Italy and the United Kingdom.[7]

In April 2006, the NCAA announced Toronto was awarded a postseason bowl game to be played at Rogers Centre.[8] The International Bowl was the first bowl game played outside the United States since the Bacardi Bowl in 1937.[4] However the game was discontinued after its 2010 edition.[9] Two international games are scheduled to be played as part of the 2014 NCAA Division I FBS football season. Penn State and UCF played their season opener in the Croke Park Classic at Dublin, and the Bahamas Bowl had its inaugural edition at Thomas Robinson Stadium in Nassau in December 2014 and its second edition on December 24, 2015.[10][11]

In addition to those played, several international games have been proposed from time-to-time that were never actually played. In 1989, USC and Illinois were scheduled to open their season in the Glasnost Bowl at Dynamo Stadium in Moscow.[12] However, the game was canceled and moved to the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum due to the logistics of undertaking a college football game in the Soviet Union.[12] In 1996, the Haka Bowl was scheduled for play at Auckland, New Zealand, but its certification was subsequently revoked by the NCAA due to financing concerns.[13] In 2013, bowl games were proposed for both Dublin, Ireland and Dubai, United Arab Emirates, but neither was certified by the NCAA for play.[14]

Games

This sports-related list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
List of games showing date, season, score, opponents, stadium, city, country, attendance and other notes[A 1]
Date Season[A 2] Score Winning team[A 3] Losing team[A 3] Stadium City Country Attendance[17] Notes/References
October 23, 1874 1874 3–0 Harvard McGill Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada 2,000 [18]
October 23, 1875 1875 1–0 Harvard Montreal FBC Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada [19]
October 30, 1876 1876 1–0 Harvard McGill Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada [18]
October 26, 1877 1877 1–0 Harvard McGill Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada [18]
November 1, 1879 1879 1–0 Harvard Britannias FBC Montreal Canada [20]
November 3, 1879 1879 0–0 Harvard McGill Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada [18]
November 1, 1880 1880 2–1 Harvard Ottawa FBC Ottawa Canada [21]
November 2, 1880 1880 0–0 Harvard Montreal FBC Montreal Cricket Grounds Montreal Canada [19]
November 6, 1880 1880 13–6 Michigan Toronto Toronto Lacrosse Club Toronto Canada [22]
October 29, 1881 1881 0–0 Harvard Britannias FBC Montreal Canada [20]
November 7, 1885 1885 8–2 Michigan Windsor Windsor Canada Was played under Canadian rules[23]
December 25, 1907 1907 56–0 LSU Havana Almandares Park Havana Cuba 10,000 Was played as the Bacardi Bowl[7]
January 1, 1910 1909 11–0 Cuban Athletic Club Tulane Almandares Park Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl
January 1, 1912 1911 12–0 Mississippi A&M Cuban Athletic Club Almandares Park Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl
October 28, 1912 1912 49–1 Carlisle Toronto Toronto Canada Was played as exhibition with the first half played under American and the second half under Canadian rules[24]
November 2, 1912 1912 12–0 Assumption Michigan State Normal Windsor Canada [25]
December 25, 1912 1912 28–0 Florida Vedado Tennis Club Almandares Park Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl
October 9, 1915 1915 33–0 Michigan State Normal Assumption Windsor Canada [25]
October 17, 1917 1917 28–0 Michigan State Normal Assumption Windsor Canada [25]
October 9, 1920 1920 27–13 Michigan State Normal Assumption Windsor Canada [25]
November 5, 1921 1921 13–0 Syracuse McGill Percival Molson Memorial Stadium Montreal Canada [26]
December 31, 1921 1921 14–0 Cuban Athletic Club Ole Miss Almandares Park Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl
October 7, 1922 1922 13–0 Michigan State Normal Assumption Windsor Canada [25]
October 15, 1927 1927 26–7 Michigan State Normal Assumption Windsor Canada [25]
January 1, 1937 1936 7–7 Auburn Villanova La Tropical Stadium Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl[27]
October 28, 1944 1944 7–6 Idaho State Edmonton AAB Clarke Stadium Edmonton Canada 5,500 Was played as exhibition against a squad of U.S. military servicemen called the Alaska Clippers[28][29]
November 25, 1944 1944 7–6 Idaho State Edmonton AAB Clarke Stadium Edmonton Canada Was played as exhibition against a squad of U.S. military servicemen called the Alaska Clippers[29]
November 6, 1946 1946 12–0 Nevada Edmonton AAB Clarke Stadium Edmonton Canada 1,500 Was played as exhibition against a squad of U.S. military servicemen called the Alaska Clippers[30]
December 7, 1946 1946 55–0 Mississippi Southern Havana La Tropical Stadium Havana Cuba Was played as the Bacardi Bowl
October 1, 1954 1954 19–6 Eastern New Mexico Notre Dame (Canada) Taylor Field Regina Canada 4,000 Was the first night game played at Taylor Field and was played under American rules[31]
June 1, 1976 1976 17–8 Texas A&I Henderson State West Berlin Germany 9,000 Was the first college football game in Europe[32][33]
June 5, 1976 1976 21–7 Texas A&I Henderson State Prater Stadium Vienna Austria 18,000 [34]
June 12, 1976 1976 20–6 Texas A&I Henderson State Mannheim Germany [35]
June 1976 1976 17–5 Texas A&I Henderson State Nuremberg Germany [36]
June 1976 1976 21–13 Texas A&I Henderson State Stade Colombes Paris France 25,000 [37]
September 24, 1976 1976 42–16 Grambling State Morgan State Korakuen Stadium Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Pioneer Bowl, and was first college game played outside the western hemisphere[38]
December 11, 1977 1977 35–32 Grambling State Temple Korakuen Stadium Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][39]
September 3, 1978 1978 10–0 Utah State Idaho State Hankyu Nishinomiya Stadium Nishinomiya Japan 15,000 Was the first college football season-opener played in Japan[7][40]
December 2, 1978 1978 28–24 BYU UNLV Yokohama Stadium Yokohama Japan 27,500 Was played as the Yokohama Bowl[7][41][42]
December 10, 1978 1978 28–24 Temple Boston College Korakuen Stadium Tokyo Japan 55,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7]
November 24, 1979 1979 40–15 Notre Dame Miami (FL) Korakuen Stadium Tokyo Japan 62,574 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7]
November 30, 1980 1980 34–3 UCLA Oregon State National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 86,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][43]
November 28, 1981 1981 21–16 Air Force San Diego State National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 80,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7]
November 27, 1982 1982 21–17 Clemson Wake Forest National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 64,700 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][44]
November 26, 1983 1983 34–12 SMU Houston National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 70,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][45]
November 17, 1984 1984 45–31 Army Montana National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 60,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][46]
November 30, 1985 1985 20–6 USC Oregon National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 65,000 Was played as the Mirage Bowl[7][47]
December 6, 1985 1985 24–21 Wyoming UTEP VFL Park Melbourne Australia 19,107 Was played as the Australia Bowl[7][48]
November 30, 1986 1986 29–24 Stanford Arizona National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 55,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7][49]
November 28, 1987 1987 17–17 California Washington State National Olympic Stadium Tokyo Japan 45,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7][50]
December 4, 1987 1987 30–26 BYU Colorado State Princes Park Melbourne Australia 7,652 Was played as the Melbourne Bowl[51]
October 16, 1988 1988 20–17 Richmond Boston University Crystal Palace National Sports Centre London United Kingdom 2,500 [7][52]
November 19, 1988 1988 38–24 Boston College Army Lansdowne Road Dublin Ireland 42,525 Was played as the Emerald Isle Classic and was also the first major college football game played in Europe[7][53]
December 3, 1988 1988 45–42 Oklahoma State Texas Tech Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 56,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7][54]
October 28, 1989 1996 28–25 Villanova Rhode Island Arena Civica Milan Italy 5,000 Was played as the Milano Kickoff Classic and was the first college football game played in Italy[55][56]
December 2, 1989 1989 46–29 Pittsburgh Rutgers Lansdowne Road Dublin Ireland 19,800 Was played as the Emerald Isle Classic[7][57]
December 4, 1989 1989 24–13 Syracuse Louisville Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7]
December 2, 1990 1990 62–45 Houston Arizona State Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7]
November 16, 1991 1991 24–19 Holy Cross Fordham Gaelic Grounds Limerick Ireland 17,411 Was played as the Wild Geese Classic and was the first non-Gaelic game played at Limerick[7][58]
November 30, 1991 1991 33–21 Clemson Duke Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7]
September 19, 1992 1992 7–7 Heidelberg Otterbein Stadion am Bieberer Berg Offenbach am Main Germany 4,351 Was played as the Rhine River Classic and was the college football game played in Germany[7][59][60]
November 29, 1992 1992 7–6 Bowdoin Tufts Pearse Stadium Galway Ireland 2,500 Was played as the Christopher Columbus Classic[7][61]
December 6, 1992 1992 38–24 Nebraska Kansas State Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 50,000 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7]
November 20, 1993 1993 17–14 Georgetown Washington and Lee Bermuda National Stadium Hamilton Bermuda 3,218 Was played as the Bermuda Bowl[7][62]
December 5, 1993 1993 41–20 Wisconsin Michigan State Tokyo Dome Tokyo Japan 51,500 Was played as the Coca-Cola Classic[7]
November 19, 1994 1994 28–14 Davidson Sewanee Bermuda National Stadium Hamilton Bermuda 2,000 Was played as the Bermuda Bowl[7][63]
October 28, 1995 1995 17–10 Fordham Holy Cross Bermuda National Stadium Hamilton Bermuda 2,436 Was played as the Bermuda Bowl[7]
November 2, 1996 1996 54–27 Notre Dame Navy Croke Park Dublin Ireland 38,651 Was played as the Shamrock Classic[7][64]
January 6, 2007 2006 27–24 Cincinnati Western Michigan Rogers Centre Toronto Canada 26,717 Was played as the 2007 International Bowl[65]
January 5, 2008 2007 52–30 Rutgers Ball State Rogers Centre Toronto Canada 31,455 Was played as the 2008 International Bowl[65]
January 3, 2009 2008 38–20 Connecticut Buffalo Rogers Centre Toronto Canada 40,184 Was played as the 2009 International Bowl[65]
January 2, 2010 2009 27–3 South Florida Northern Illinois Rogers Centre Toronto Canada 22,185 Was played as the 2010 International Bowl[65]
May 21, 2011 2010 17–7 Drake CONADEIP Stars Sheikh Amri Abeid Memorial Stadium Arusha Tanzania 11,781 Was played as the 2011 Kilimanjaro Bowl and was the first time an American football team played in Africa[66]
August 31, 2012 2012 40–3 John Carroll St. Norbert Donnybrook Stadium Dublin Ireland [67]
September 1, 2012 2012 50–10 Notre Dame Navy Aviva Stadium Dublin Ireland 48,820 Was played as the Emerald Isle Classic.[68]
August 30, 2014 2014 26–24 Penn State UCF Croke Park Dublin Ireland 55,000 Was played as the Croke Park Classic.[69]
December 24, 2014 2014 49–48 Western Kentucky Central Michigan Thomas Robinson Stadium Nassau Bahamas 13,667 Was played as the 2014 Bahamas Bowl[70]
March 21, 2015 2015 36–7 Princeton Kwansei Gakuin KINCHO Stadium Osaka Japan N/A Was played as the Legacy Bowl, a memorial exhibition game celebrating the 125th anniversary of Kwansei Gakuin University's founding.[71]
December 24, 2015 2015 45–31 Western Michigan Middle Tennessee Thomas Robinson Stadium Nassau Bahamas 13,123 Was played as the 2015 Bahamas Bowl[72]
August 27, 2016 2016 California Hawaiʻi ANZ Stadium Sydney Australia To be played as the Sydney College Football Cup.[73]
September 3, 2016 2016 Boston College Georgia Tech Aviva Stadium Dublin Ireland To be played as the Aer Lingus College Football Classic.[74]

Notes

  1. ↑ This listing does not include games played at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, Canada. The Clan competed as NAIA members from 1965 to 2001 and also in 2010,[15] and since 2011 have competed as the lone international member of the NCAA.[16]
  2. ↑ Links to the overall college football season article.
  3. 1 2 Links to the season article for the opponent when available or to their general page when unavailable.

References

General
Specific
  1. 1 2 McLean, Dan (November 27, 1970). "Montreal Cup float recalls how McGill started grid mania". The Gazette (Google News Archives). p. 16. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  2. ↑ MacDonald, D.A.L. (December 22, 1933). "McGill and Harvard have been rivals for 59 years". The Gazette (Google News Archives). p. 13. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 "Early football". The Evening News (Google News Archives). November 13, 1915. p. 4. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  4. 1 2 "International Bowl results". CBSSports.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  5. ↑ National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). "17.9.5.1.1 In season foreign competition" (PDF). 2009–10 NCAA Division I Manual. NCAA.org. pp. 240–241. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  6. ↑ "Grambling is winner". Youngstown Vindicator (Google News Archives). Associated Press. September 25, 1976. p. 11. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 118
  8. ↑ "Birmingham among 31 approved by NCAA for 2006". The Gadsden Times (Google News Archives). Associated Press. April 28, 2006. p. D6. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  9. ↑ "International Bowl canceled". ESPN.com. Associated Press. March 25, 2010. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  10. ↑ Moyer, Josh (July 24, 2013). "Penn St.–UCF set for Ireland opener". ESPN.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  11. ↑ "College football is Bahamas bound for bowl game". USA Today (USAToday.com). Associated Press. October 14, 2013. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  12. 1 2 "Glasnost Bowl is nyet for Moscow". Orlando Sentinel (OrlandoSentinel.com). June 9, 1989. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  13. ↑ Curtis, Jake (October 17, 1996). "NCAA pulls the plug on Haka Bowl". San Francisco Chronicle (SFGate.com). Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  14. ↑ McMurphy, Brett (June 12, 2013). "'Group of Five' look to add bowls". ESPN.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  15. ↑ "Simon Fraser Clan Historical Data". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
  16. ↑ Tsumura, Howard (September 11, 2012). "Simon Fraser charts a new course". NCAA.org. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  17. ↑ Bowl/All-Star Game Records, pp. 32–38
  18. 1 2 3 4 DeLassus, David. "Harvard vs McGill (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  19. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Harvard vs Montreal FBC (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  20. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Harvard vs Britannias FBC (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  21. ↑ DeLassus, David. "Harvard vs Ottawa FBC (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  22. ↑ DeLassus, David. "Michigan vs Toronto (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  23. ↑ "A Victory". The Michigan Argonaut, Volumes 3–4. Google Books. 1885. pp. 53–54. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  24. ↑ "Thorpe shows the Canadians some football". The Pittsburgh The Gazette Times (Google News Archives). October 29, 1912. p. 10. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  25. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DeLassus, David. "Eastern Michigan vs Assumption College (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Syracuse plays Montreal". The Lewiston Daily Sun (Google News Archives). November 5, 1921. p. 6. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  27. ↑ Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 12
  28. ↑ "Idaho wins 7–6 over Clippers". The Calgary Herald (Google News Archives). October 30, 1944. p. 12. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  29. 1 2 DeLassus, David. "Idaho State vs Edmonton AAB (Canada)". College Football Data Warehouse. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Clippers bow to Nevada club on Edmonton grid". The Calgary Herald (Google News Archives). November 7, 1946. p. 10. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  31. ↑ Fedoruk, Ernie (October 2, 1954). "Holcomb sparks ENMU to 19–6 grid victory". The Leader-Post (Google News Archives). p. 21. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  32. ↑ "Javalinas History". javelinaathletics.com. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  33. ↑ "Unbeaten in Europe". The Victoria Advocaten (Google News Archives). June 13, 1976. p. 16. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  34. ↑ "Two U.S. football teams play game in Austria". The Tuscaloosa News (Google News Archives). June 6, 1976. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  35. ↑ "Unbeaten in Europe". The Victoria Advocate (Google News Archives). June 13, 1976. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Javs impressed with trip". The Brownsville Herald (newspapers.com). June 24, 1976. Retrieved August 26, 2015.
  37. ↑ "Demi-Tough". Texas Monthly (Google News Archives). December 1976. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  38. ↑ "Coaches see football in Japan". The Baltimore Afro-American (Google News Archives). October 5, 1976. p. 16. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  39. ↑ "Williams, Grambling pull out a thriller at Tokyo". St. Petersburg Times (Google News Archives). Associated Press. December 12, 1977. p. 11C. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  40. ↑ "Aggies off to 1–0 start". Deseret News (Google News Archives). September 4, 1978. p. 2B. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  41. ↑ "Brigham Young 28, Las Vegas 24". Daytona Beach Morning Journal (Google News Archives). Associated Press. December 3, 1978. p. 3C. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  42. ↑ Call, Jeff (June 22, 2013). "BYU football: Scheduling international games intrigues athletic director Tom Holmoe". Deseret News. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  43. ↑ Hoffer, Richard (December 1, 1980). "40,000 dutiful fans stayed and cheered for the Beavers". Eugene Register-Guard (Google News Archives). p. B1. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  44. ↑ "Clemson escapes Tokyo with ACC title". The Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Google News Archives). November 28, 1982. p. B1. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  45. ↑ "Mustangs trample Cougars". The News and Courier (Google News Archives). November 28, 1983. p. 5B. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  46. ↑ Lammers, David (November 17, 1984). "Army rips Montana in Mirage Bowl matchup". Spokane Chronicle (Google News Archives). p. 12. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  47. ↑ Conrad, John (December 1, 1985). "One crucial Duck loss quickly led to another". Eugene Register-Guard (Google News Archives). p. C1. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  48. ↑ "Aussie Bowl lacks crowd". The Hour (Google News Archives). November 9, 1985. p. 26. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  49. ↑ "Arizona upset in Tokyo". The Mohave Daily Miner (Google News Archives). UPI. December 1, 1986. p. 8. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  50. ↑ "Wash. State, Calif. tie in Tokyo, 17–17". The Vindicator (Google News Archives). Associated Press. November 30, 1987. p. 15. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  51. ↑ "BYU 30, Colorado St. 26". AP News Archive. Associated Press. December 5, 1987. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  52. ↑ "Spiders, Hokies top weekend foes". The Free Lance-Star (Google News Archives). Associated Press. October 17, 1988. p. 15. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  53. ↑ Lohr, Steve (November 20, 1988). "Dubliners Cheer as B.C. Wins". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  54. ↑ "Heisman winner eclipses rushing record". The Gadsden Times (Google News Archives). Associated Press. December 5, 1988. p. B3. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  55. ↑ "Villanova Wins in Italy". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Associated Press. October 29, 1989. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  56. ↑ "Yankee Conference teams clash in Italy". Times-News (Google News Archives). Associated Press. October 28, 1989. p. 18. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  57. ↑ Finder, Chuck (December 4, 1989). "Pitt logs Ireland win among 1989 travels". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Google News Archives). p. 24. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  58. ↑ Clarity, James F. (November 17, 1991). "Old Sod Or New, Crusaders Just Win". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  59. ↑ Swanson, Ray (March 5, 1992). "Heidelberg, Otterbein heading for Germany". The Vindicator (Google News Archives). p. C1. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  60. ↑ "Heidelberg, Otterbein deadlock". Times-Sentinel (Google News Archives). Associated Press. September 20, 1992. p. C1. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  61. ↑ "Polar Bear gridders nip Jumbos". Bangor Daily News (Google News Archives). Associated Press. November 30, 1992. p. 13. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  62. ↑ "Hoyas rally for last-minute win in Bermuda". The Washington Times (Newsbank). November 21, 1993. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  63. ↑ "Bermuda Bowl II" (PDF). The NCAA News (NCAA.org). December 14, 1994. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  64. ↑ Thomsen, Ian (November 4, 1996). "A Victorious 'Homecoming' for the Irish". The New York Times (NYTimes.com). Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  65. 1 2 3 4 Bowl/All-Star Game Records, p. 13
  66. ↑ Lapchick, Richard (May 30, 2011). "A life-altering football game for Drake". ESPN.com. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  67. ↑ "John Carroll, Notre Dame College football teams open season with victories". Cleveland Plain Dealer (Cleveland.com). September 1, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  68. ↑ "Notre Dame overcomes suspensions, rolls past Navy in opener". ESPN.com. Associated Press. September 1, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2013.
  69. ↑ "Penn State stuns UCF, wins opener on Sam Ficken's game-winning FG". ESPN.com. Associated Press. August 30, 2014. Retrieved August 30, 2014.
  70. ↑ "Western Kentucky holds off Central Michigan's 34-point rally". ESPN.com. December 24, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  71. ↑ "Legacy Bowl 2015". Kwansei Gakuin University Athletics. Retrieved May 3, 2016.
  72. ↑ "Western Michigan earns first bowl victory, beating Middle Tennessee". ESPN.com. December 24, 2015. Retrieved April 21, 2016.
  73. ↑ "Cal To Open 2016 Season In Australia" (Press release). Cal Athletics. November 28, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
  74. ↑ McMurphy, Brett; Adelson, Andrea (June 4, 2015). "Boston College, Georgia Tech to open 2016 season in Ireland". ESPN.com. Retrieved May 6, 2016.
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