List of crinoid genera

Fossil crinoid.

This list of crinoid genera is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been considered to be crinoids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomina dubia), or were not formally published (nomina nuda), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered crinoids.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
• Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes Aacocrinus Bowsher 1955 extinct [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Aaglacrinus (also spelled Aaglaocrinus) G. D. Webster 1981 extinct [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Aatocrinus Abacocrinus Abactinocrinus Abathocrinus Abatocrinus Abludoglyptocrinus Abrachiocrinus Abrotocrinus Abyssocrinus Acacocrinus Acanthocrinus Acariaeocrinus Acariaiocrinus Achradocrinus Acolocrinus Acrocrinus Actinocrinites Actinocrinus Acylocrinus Adacrinus Adinocrinus Aenigmocrinus Aesiocrinus Aethocrinus Aexitrophocrinus Affinocrinus Agaricocrinus Agassizocrinus Agathocrinus Aglaocrinus Strimple 1961 extinct [13][18][19][20][21][22][23] Agnostocrinus Agostocrinus Ailsacrinus Ainacrinus Ainigmacrinus Aithriocrinus Alcimocrinus Alisocrinus Allagecrinus Allionia Allocatillocrinus Allocrinus Alloprosallocrinus Allosocrinus Allosycocrinus Allozygocrinus Alsopocrinus Amaltheocrinus Amarsupiocrinus Ambicocrinus Amblacrinus Ammonicrinus Amonohexacrinus Ampelocrinus Ampheristocrinus Amphicrinus Amphipsalidocrinus Amphoracrinus Amphoracrocrinus Amphorometra Ampurocrinus Anamesocrinus Anarchocrinus Anartiocrinus Ancalocrinus Anchicrinus Ancistrocrinus Ancoracrinus Ancyrocrinus Anechocrinus Anemetocrinus Angulocrinus Anisocrinus Anobasicrinus Anomalocrinus Anthemocrinus Anthracocrinus Antihomocrinus Anulocrinus Aorocrinus Aphelecrinus Apiocrinites Apodactylocrinus Apodasmocrinus Apographiocrinus Applinocrinus Apurocrinus Arachnocrinus Araeocrinus Archaeocalyptocrinus Archaeocrinus Archaeometra Archaetaxocrinus Arkacrinus Armenocrinus Arrectocrinus Arroyocrinus Arthroacantha Artichthyocrinus Aryballocrinus Asaphocrinus Ascetocrinus Aspidocrinus asterometridae Asymmetrocrinus Atactocrinus Atelestocrinus Athabascacrinus Athlocrinus Atokacrinus Atopocrinus Atractocrinus Atrapocrinus Atremacrinus Atyphocrinus Auliskocrinus Aulocrinus Aulodesocrinus Aureocrinus Austinocrinus Azygocrinus Bactrocrinites Baerocrinus Balacrinus Balanocrinus Balearocrinus Barrandeocrinus Barycrinus Basleocrinus Bathericrinus Bathronocrinus Bathycrinus Batocrinus Becharocrinus Belanskicrinus Belemnocrinus Benthocrinus Beyrichocrinus Bicidiocrinus Bihaticrinus Bikocrinus Bilecicrinus Blairocrinus Blothrocrinus Bogotacrinus Bohemicocrinus Bolbocrinus Bolicrinus Boliviacrinus Bollandocrinus Botryocrinus Bourgueticrinus Brabeocrinus Brachiocrinus Brachiomonocrinus Brahmacrinus Briarocrinus Bridgerocrinus Briseocrinus Bromidocrinus Bronaughocrinus Bruennichometra Brutopisocrinus Brychiocrinus Buchicrinus Burdigalocrinus Bursacrinus Cactocrinus Cadisocrinus Cadocrinus Caelocrinus Cainocrinus Calamocrinus Calceocrinus Calceolispongia Caldenocrinus Caleidocrinus Calliocrinus Calpiocrinus Calycanthocrinus Calycocrinus Camarocrinus Camptocrinus Canistrocrinus Cantharocrinus Capsicocrinus Carabocrinus Carcinocrinus Carlopsocrinus Carolicrinus Carpocrinus Catactocrinus Cataraquicrinus Catatonocrinus Cathetocrinus Catillocrinus Caucacrocrinus Celonocrinus Celtocrinus Cenocrinus Centriocrinus Cerasmocrinus Ceratocrinus Cercidocrinus Cestocrinus Changninocrinus Charactocrinus Charientocrinus Chariocrinus Chelocrinus Chinacrinus Chirocrinus Chiropinna Chladocrinus Chlidonocrinus Cholocrinus Cibolocrinus Cicerocrinus Cincinnaticrinus Clarkeocrinus Clathrocrinus Claviculacrinus Cleiocrinus Cleistocrinus Clematocrinus Clidochirus Clistocrinus Clonocrinus Closterocrinus Codiacrinus Coeliocrinus Coelocrinus Coelometra Coenocystis Colpodecrinus Columbicrinus Comanthocrinus Comaster Comatulina Compagicrinus Compsocrinus Condylocrinus Conocrinus Conoideocrinus Conometra Contignatindocrinus Contocrinus Coollarocrinus Cordylocrinus Corematocrinus Cornucrinus Corocrinus Coronocrinus Corynecrinus Corythocrinus Cosmetocrinus Cosmocrinus Costalocrinus Cotylacrina Cotylederma Cradeocrinus Cranocrinus Craspedocrinus Crataegocrinus Craterocrinus Cremacrinus Cribanocrinus Cricocrinus Crinerocrinus Crinobrachiatus Cromyocrinus Crotalocrinites Cryphiocrinus Cryptanisocrinus Ctenocrinus Culicocrinus Culmicrinus Cunctocrinus Cupressocrinites Cupulocrinus Cusacrinus Cyathidium Cyathocrinites Cyclocrinus Cydonocrinus Cydrocrinus Cylicocrinus Cyliocrinus Cymbiocrinus Cypelometra Cyphocrinus Cyrtocrinus Cytidocrinus Cytocrinus Cyttarocrinus Dactylocrinus Dadocrinus Daedalocrinus Dasciocrinus Dazhucrinus Decadocrinus Decameros Delocrinus Deltacrinus Democrinus Denariocrinus Dendrocrinus Denticrinus Deocrinus Depaocrinus Derbiocrinus Desmacriocrinus Desmidocrinus Diabolocrinus Dialutocrinus Diamenocrinus Diaphorocrinus Diatorocrinus Dibrachiocrinus Dichocrinus Dichostreblocrinus Dicirrocrinus Dicromyocrinus Dictenocrinus Dieuryocrinus Difficilicrinus Dilatocrinus Dimerocrinites Dinacrocrinus Dinardocrinus Dinotocrinus Diphuicrinus Diplocrinus Discocrinus Discometra Displodocrinus Dizygocrinus Dolatocrinus Dolerocrinus Dolichocrinus Doliocrinus Doreckicrinus Dorycrinus Drymocrinus Dulanocrinus Dunnicrinus Dwortsowaecrinus Dystactocrinus Echicrinus Echmatocrinus Ectenocrinus Ectocrinus Edapocrinus Edriocrinus Eifelocrinus Eireocrinus Eirmocrinus Elibatocrinus Elicrinus Elpasocrinus Elpidocrinus Embryocrinus Emperocrinus Enallocrinus Enascocrinus Encrinus Endelocrinus Eocamptocrinus Eocicerocrinus Eocomatula Eohalysiocrinus Eoindocrinus Eomyelodactylus Eoparisocrinus Eopatelliocrinus Eopilidiocrinus Eopinnacrinus Eperisocrinus Epihalysiocrinus Epipetschoracrinus Eratocrinus Eretmocrinus Erisocrinus Espanocrinus Esthonocrinus Ethelocrinus Eucalyptocrinites Eucatillocrinus Eucladocrinus Eudesicrinus Eudimerocrinus Euerisocrinus Eugeniacrinites Eumorphocrinus Euonychocrinus Eupachycrinus Euptychocrinus Euryocrinus Euspirocrinus Eustenocrinus Eutaxocrinus Eutelecrinus Eutrochocrinus Exaetocrinus Exochocrinus Exocrinus Exoriocrinus Exsulacrinus Exterocrinus Fifeocrinus Fishericrinus Follicrinus Forbesiocrinus Forthocrinus Galateacrinus Gammarocrinites Gasterocoma Gastrocrinus Gaulocrinus Gaurocrinus Gazacrinus Gemmacrinus Gennaeocrinus Geraocrinus Geroldicrinus Gilbertsocrinus Gilmocrinus Gissocrinus Glaphyocrinus Glaucocrinus Glaukosocrinus Glenotremites Globacrocrinus Globocrinus Glossocrinus Glyptocrinus Gnorimocrinus Goleocrinus Gongrocrinus Goniocrinus Gothocrinus Graffhamicrinus Graphiocrinus Grenprisia Griphocrinus Grypocrinus Guettardicrinus Gustabilicrinus Gutticrinus Gymnocrinus Hadrocrinus Haereticotaxocrinus Haeretocrinus Hagnocrinus Hallocrinus Halogetocrinus Halysiocrinus Hapalocrinus Haplocrinites Harmostocrinus Harrelicrinus Harrellicrinus Hebeticrinus Helicocrinus Heliosocrinus Hemibrachiocrinus Hemicrinus Hemiindocrinus Hemimollocrinus Hemistreptacron Hemistreptocrinus Heracrinus Hercocrinus Herpetocrinus Hertha Heterocrinus Heterometra Hexacrinites Himerocrinus Himerometra Hirneacrinus Hispidocrinus Histocrinus Holcocrinus Holocrinus Holopus Holynocrinus Homalocrinus Homocrinus Hoplocrinus Hormocrinus Hosieocrinus Hoyacrinus Hyalocrinus Hybocrinus Hybocystites Hydreionocrinus Hydriocrinus Hydroporocrinus Hylodecrinus Hypocrinus Hypselocrinus Hypsocrinus Hyrtanecrinus Ibanocrinus Iberocrinus Ibexocrinus Icthyocrinus Idaeumocrinus Idosocrinus Illemnocrinus Ilmocrinus Imitatocrinus Indocrinus Intermediacrinus Inyocrinus Iocrinus Isocatillocrinus Isocrinus Isotomocrinus Isselicrinus Iteacrinus Ivanovaecrinus Jaekelicrinus Jaekelometra Jahnocrinus Jimbacrinus Junocrinus Kallimorphocrinus Kalpidocrinus Kanabinocrinus Kansacrinus Katarocrinus Kooptoonocrinus Kopficrinus Kophinocrinus Krinocrinus Kylixocrinus Kyreocrinus Labiocrinus Laccocrinus Laevigatocrinus Lageniocrinus Lampadosocrinus Lampterocrinus Lanecrinus Lanternocrinus Lasanocrinus Lasiocrinus Laubeocrinus Laudonocrinus Laurelocrinus Lebetocrinus Lecanocrinus Lecobasicrinus Lecocrinus Lecythiocrinus Lecythocrinus Lekocrinus Lemennocrinus Lenneocrinus Leocrinus Liliocrinus Linobrachiocrinus Linocrinus Liomolgocrinus Liparocrinus Lithocrinus Litocrinus Lobalocrinus Lobomelocrinus Logocrinus Lonchocrinus Lopadiocrinus Lophocrinus Loriolicrinus Loriolometra Lotocrinus Loxocrinus Luxocrinus Lyonicrinus Lyriocrinus Macarocrinus Macnamaratylus Macrocrinus Macrostylocrinus Maennilicrinus Malaiocrinus Maligneocrinus Manicrinus Manillocrinus Manticrinus Mantikosocrinus Maquoketocrinus Maragnicrinus Marathonocrinus Margocrinus Marhoumacrinus Marsupiocrinus Marsupites Mastigocrinus Mathericrinus Megaliocrinus Meganotocrinus Megistocrinus Melbacrinus Melocrinites Menniscocrinus Meristocrinus Merocrinus Mespilocrinus Metabolocrinus Metacatillocrinus Metacrinus Metacrocrinus Metacromyocrinus Metaeutelecrinus Metaffinocrinus Metaindocrinus Metallagecrinus Metaperimestocrinus Metasycocrinus Methabocrinus Metichthyocrinus Metutharocrinus Miatschkovocrinus Microcaracrinus Microcrinus Mictocrinus Millericrinus Minicrinus Minilyacrinus Miracrinus Mitrocrinus Moapocrinus Moenocrinus Mollocrinus Monachocrinus Moniellocrinus Monobrachiocrinus Monstrocrinus Mooreocrinus Morrowcrinus Moscovicrinus Moundocrinus Musicrinus Mycocrinus Myelodactylus Myrtillocrinus Mysticocrinus Nacocrinus Nactocrinus Nanicrinus Nanocrinus Nassoviocrinus Nasutocrinus Nebrashacrinus Nemaster Neoarchaeocrinus Neocamtocrinus Neocatacrinus Neocatillocrinus Neocrinus Neodadocrinus Neodichocrinus Neolageniocrinus Neoplatycrinus Neoprotencrinus Neozeacrinus Nereocrinus Nevadacrinus Nevadocrinus Nexocrinus Nielsenicrinus Ninocrinus Nipterocrinus Nonparactocrinus Notiocatillocrinus Notiocrinus Notocrinus Nowracrinus Nummicrinus Nunnacrinus Nuxocrinus Nyctocrinus Occiducrinus Oehlerticrinus Oenochoacrinus Ohiocrinus Oklahomacrinus Oligobrachyocrinus Ontariocrinus Onychocrinus Ophiocrinus Ophiurocrinus Opsiocrinus Orbignycrinus Orthocrinus Orthogonocrinus Ossicrinus Osteocrinus Othneiocrinus Ottawacrinus Oxynocrinus Pabianocrinus Pachylocrinus Pachyocrinus Pagecrinus Paianocrinus Paiderocrinus Palaeantedon Palaeocomaster Palaeocrinus Palaeoholopus Palmerocrinus Pandanocrinus Pandoracrinus Parabotryocrinus Parabursacrinus Paracatillocrinus Paraclidochirus Paracolocrinus Paracomatula Paracosmetocrinus Paracotylederma Paracremacrinus Paracrocrinus Paracromyocrinus Paractocrinus Paracydonocrinus Paracymbiocrinus Paradelocrinus Paradiabolocrinus Paradichocrinus Paradoxocrinus Paragammarocrinites Paragaricocrinus Paragassizocrinus Paragazacrinus Paragraphiocrinus Parahexacrinus Paramegaliocrinus Paramelocrinus Paramphicrinus Paranisocrinus Parapernerocrinus Parapisocrinus Paraplasocrinus Pararchaeocrinus Parascytalocrinus Parastachyocrinus Parastephanocrinus Parasycocrinus Paratalarocrinus Paratimorocidaris Parazeacrinites Parazophocrinus Parethelocrinus Parichthyocrinus Parindocrinus Pariocrinus Parisangulocrinus Parisocrinus Parorthocrinus Parspaniocrinus Parulocrinus Passalocrinus Patelliocrinus Paulocrinus Pedinocrinus Pegocrinus Pelecocrinus Pelidocrinus Pellecrinus Peltacrinus Penicillicrinus Peniculocrinus Pentacrinites Pentaramicrinus Pentececrinus Pepitaxoncrinus Percevalicrinus Peremocrinus Periechocrinus Periglyptocrinus Perimestocrinus Perissocrinus Permiocrinus Permobrachypus Pernerocrinus Perritocrinus Perunocrinus Petalambicrinus Petalocrinus Petrocrinus Petschoracrinus Phacelocrinus Phanocrinus Phillipsocrinus Phimocrinus Phrygilocrinus Phyllocrinus Physetocrinus Pidelocrinus Pilidiocrinus Pilocrinus Pimlicocrinus Pirasocrinus Pisocrinus Pithocrinus Placometra Plagiocrinus Planacrocrinus Platyacrocrinus Platycrinites Platyfundocrinus Platyhexacrinus Plaxocrinus Plemnocrinus Plesiocrinus Pleurocrinus Plicatocrinus Plicodendrocrinus Plotocrinus Plummericrinus Poculicrinus Poecilocrinus Pogonipocrinus Polusocrinus Polycrinus Polygonocrinus Polypeltes Pomatocrinus Porocrinus Porphyrocrinus Poteriocrinites Pradocrinus Praecupulocrinus Praedicticrinus Praeisselicrinus Praeorocrinus Pregazacrinus Premanicrinus Prininocrinus Proallosocrinus Proampelocrinus Proanisocrinus Proapsidocrinus Probletocrinus Prochoidiocrinus Procomaster Proctothylacocrinus Proexenocrinus Prohexacrinus Proholopus Proindocrinus Prokopicrinus Prolobocrinus Promelocrinus Prophyllocrinus Propoteriocrinus Protacrocrinus Protaxocrinus Protencrinus Psalidocrinus Pseudoantedon Pseudosaccocoma Psilocrinus Pskovicrinus Pterinocrinus Pterocoma Pterotocrinus Ptychocrinus Pulaskicrinus Pumilindocrinus Putilovocrinus Pycnocrinus Pycnosaccus Pygmaeocrinus Pyndaxocrinus Pyrenocrinus Pyxidocrinus Quantoxocrinus Quenstedticrinus Quiniocrinus Quinquecaudex Ramacrinus Ramseyocrinus Ramulocrinus Rasfacrinus Raymondicrinus Regnellicrinus Remesimetra Remisovicrinus Resetocrinus Reteocrinus Retusocrinus Revalocrinus Rhabdocrinus Rhachkicrinus Rhadinocrinus Rhaphaocrinus Rhenocrinus Rheocrinus Rhipidocrinus Rhodanometra Rhodocrinites Rhopalocrinus Rhopocrinus Rimosidocrinus Ristnacrinus Roemerocrinus Roiometra Roveacrinoides Roveacrinus Rumphiocrinus Sacariacrinus Saccocoma Saccosompsis Sagenocrinites Sampsonocrinus Sardinocrinus Sarocrinus Scammatocrinus Schedexocrinus Schistocrinus Schizocrinus Schlueterometra Schmidtocrinus Schultzicrinus Sciadiocrinus Sclerocrinus Scoliocrinus Scotiacrinus Scotocrinus Scyphocrinites Scytalocrinus Seirocrinus Sellardsicrinus Semiometra Senariocrinus Separocrinus Serendipocrinus Shidianocrinus Shimantocrinus Shroshaecrinus Siderocrinus Sievertsia Sigambrocrinus Silfonocrinus Siliesiacrinus Simocrinus Simplococrinus Singularocrinus Sinocrinus Sinopetalocrinus Siphonocrinus Situlacrinus Skaiocrinus Solanocrinites Solonaerium Somphocrinus Sostronocrinus Souticrinus Spaniocrinus Sphaerocrinus Sphaerotocrinus Spheniscocrinus Springeracrocrinus Springericrinus Spriocrinus Spyridiocrinus Stachyocrinus Stamnocrinus Staphylocrinus Steganocrinus Stelidiocrinus Stellarocrinus Stenometra Stenopecrinus Stereoaster Stereobrachicrinus Stibarocrinus Stinocrinus Stipatocrinus Stiptocrinus Stiremetra Stomiocrinus Storthingocrinus Strambergocrinus Streblocrinus Streptocrinus Strimplecrinus Strobocrinus Strongylocrinus Strotocrinus Struszocrinus Stuartwellercrinus Stylocrinus Styracocrinus Subarrectocrinus Sublobalocrinus Sundacrinus Sunwaptacrinus Sycocrinites Sygcaulocrinus Synaptocrinus Synarmocrinus Synbathocrinus Synchirocrinus Syndetocrinus Synerocrinus Syntomocrinus Synyphocrinus Tagenocrinus Taidocrinus Talarocrinus Tapinocrinus Tarachiocrinus Tarantocrinus Tasmanocrinus Taucatillocrinus Taurocrinus Taxocrinus Technocrinus Teleiocrinus Telikosocrinus Teliocrinus Temnocrinus Tenagocrinus Terocrinus Terpnocrinus Tetrabrachiocrinus Tetracionocrinus Tetracrinus Tetractocrinus Tetractocrinus Tetragonocrinus Tetramerocrinites Tetrapleurocrinus Texacrinus Thalamocrinus Thallocrinus Thaminocrinus Thamnocrinus Theleproktocrinus Theloreus Thenarocrinus Thetidicrinus Thiolliericrinus Tholocrinus Thomasocrinus Thuringocrinus Thylacocrinus Thyridocrinus Tiaracrinus Timorechinus Tirocrinus Tornatilicrinus Torrocrinus Torynocrinus Trampidocrinus Traskocrinus Traumatocrinus Trautscholdicrinus Treocrinus Triacrinus Triboloporus Tribrachyocrinus Triceracrinus Trichinocrinus Trichocrinus Trichotocrinus Trimerocrinus Trinalicrinus Tripatocrinus Trochocrinites Trochocrinites Trophocrinus Trybliocrinus Trypherocrinus Tryssocrinus Tulipacrinus Tundracrinus Tunguskocrinus Tunisiacrinus Turbocrinus Typanocrinus Tyrieocrinus Tyrolecrinus Uintacrinus Ulocrinus Ulrichicrinus Umbocrinus Uperocrinus Ureocrinus Utharocrinus Vadarocrinus Vasocrinus Vertigocrinus Vicetiametra Virucrinus Vosekocrinus Vostocovacrinus Wachsmuthicrinus Wannerocrinus Westheadocrinus Wetherbyocrinus Whiteocrinus Wilsonicrinus Woodocrinus Worthenocrinus Wrightocrinus Xenocatillocrinus Xenocrinus Xisoallogecrinus Xysmacrinus Yakovlevicrinus Zeacrinites Zenkericrinus Zenocrinus Zeusocrinus Zirocrinus Zophocrinus Zostocrinus Zygotocrinus

See also

• List of prehistoric brittle stars
• List of prehistoric sea cucumbers
• List of prehistoric starfish

References

1. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=4421060
2. http://www.ubio.org/NZ/detail.php?d=1&uid=233335
3. http://www.organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=592492
4. Crinoids from the Anchor Limestone (Lower Mississippian) of the Monte Cristo Group, southern Nevada.
5. New Carboniferous crinoids from eastern Australia.
6. The actinocrinitid genera Abactinocrinus, Aacocrinus and Blairocrinus.
7. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=4421061
8. http://www.organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=106614
9. Camerata.
10. New genera of Mississippian camerate crinoids. Paleontological Contributions University of Kansas Echinodermata, art. 1 1955: 1-23. [Zoological Record Volume 92]
11. http://www.paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayTaxonomicNamesAndOpinions&reference_no=6930&display=opinions
12. http://paleodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?action=displayTaxonomicNamesAndOpinions&reference_no=6930&display=authorities
13. http://insects.tamu.edu/research/collection/hallan/test/Echinodermata/Family/Cromyocrinidae.txt
14. http://paleobackup.nceas.ucsb.edu:8090/cgi-bin/bridge.pl
15. http://www.organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=234194
16. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=6942808
17. New crinoids from the Naco Formation (middle Pennsylvanian) of Arizona and a revision of the family Cromyocrinidae. Journal of Paleontology, 55(6) 1981: 1176-1199. [Zoological Record Volume 118]
18. http://strata.geology.wisc.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=485&rank=class
19. http://www.ubio.org/NZ/detail.php?d=1&uid=252376
20. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=4449959
21. http://www.organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=2428351
22. http://www.ubio.org/browser/details.php?namebankID=4449960
23. http://www.organismnames.com/details.htm?lsid=2630916

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (CRINOIDEA)". Bulletins of American Paleontology 364: 560. Retrieved 2009-07-13.