List of crossings of the Genesee River

This is a list of bridges and other crossings of the Genesee River in order from its source in Ulysses, Pennsylvania downstream to Lake Ontario.

Crossings list

Crossing Opened Carries Location Coordinates
Loucks Mills Road culvert Loucks Mills Rd. Ulysses Township 41°53′34″N 77°44′44″W / 41.89278°N 77.74556°W / 41.89278; -77.74556
Driveway culvert Private driveway Ulysses 41°53′39″N 77°45′25″W / 41.89417°N 77.75694°W / 41.89417; -77.75694
South Street culvert South St. 41°53′41″N 77°45′30″W / 41.89472°N 77.75833°W / 41.89472; -77.75833
Center Street culvert Center St. 41°53′57″N 77°45′39″W / 41.89917°N 77.76083°W / 41.89917; -77.76083
South Main Street culvert S. Main St. 41°54′0″N 77°45′44″W / 41.90000°N 77.76222°W / 41.90000; -77.76222
South Water Street culvert S. Water St. 41°54′2″N 77°45′48″W / 41.90056°N 77.76333°W / 41.90056; -77.76333
Gravel culvert Gravel path 41°54′5″N 77°45′52″W / 41.90139°N 77.76444°W / 41.90139; -77.76444
Church Street culvert Church St. 41°54′6″N 77°45′52″W / 41.90167°N 77.76444°W / 41.90167; -77.76444
North Street sidewalk bridge Sidewalk 41°54′14″N 77°45′57″W / 41.90389°N 77.76583°W / 41.90389; -77.76583
North Street culvert PA 49 (North Street) 41°54′14.4″N 77°45′57″W / 41.904000°N 77.76583°W / 41.904000; -77.76583
Farm culvert Private farm road 41°54′20″N 77°46′4″W / 41.90556°N 77.76778°W / 41.90556; -77.76778
Access road culvert Treatment plant access road 41°54′31″N 77°46′24″W / 41.90861°N 77.77333°W / 41.90861; -77.77333
Farm bridge Private farm road Bingham Township 41°55′2″N 77°46′36″W / 41.91722°N 77.77667°W / 41.91722; -77.77667
Hickox–Ulysses Road bridge (fourth) 1941[1] Hickox–Ulysses Rd. 41°55′17″N 77°46′46″W / 41.92139°N 77.77944°W / 41.92139; -77.77944
Hickox–Ulysses Road bridge (third) 1991[2] Hickox–Ulysses Rd. 41°55′29″N 77°47′15″W / 41.92472°N 77.78750°W / 41.92472; -77.78750
Musto Hollow bridge 2000[3] Musto Hollow Rd. 41°56′15″N 77°48′16″W / 41.93750°N 77.80444°W / 41.93750; -77.80444
Hickox–Ulysses Road bridge (second) 1991[4] Hickox–Ulysses Rd. 41°56′24″N 77°48′41″W / 41.94000°N 77.81139°W / 41.94000; -77.81139
Hickox–Ulysses Road bridge (first) 1998[5] Hickox–Ulysses Rd. 41°56′42″N 77°49′6″W / 41.94500°N 77.81833°W / 41.94500; -77.81833
Farm bridge Private farm road 41°57′6″N 77°49′31″W / 41.95167°N 77.82528°W / 41.95167; -77.82528
Hickox bridge 1953[6] Hickox Rd. Genesee Township 41°58′33″N 77°51′24″W / 41.97583°N 77.85667°W / 41.97583; -77.85667
Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad bridge Disused
Former Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad		 41°59′3″N 77°51′47″W / 41.98417°N 77.86306°W / 41.98417; -77.86306
School Street Bridge 2011[7] Pennsylvania Route 244 (School St.) 41°59′20″N 77°52′5″W / 41.98889°N 77.86806°W / 41.98889; -77.86806
Commercial Street bridge 1938/1998[8] Commercial St.
Former Route 244 detour		 41°59′40″N 77°52′12″W / 41.99444°N 77.87000°W / 41.99444; -77.87000
Route 19 bridge 1990[9] NY 19 (Stannards Road) Willing 42°0′55″N 77°53′41″W / 42.01528°N 77.89472°W / 42.01528; -77.89472
Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad bridge Disused
Former Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad		 42°1′6″N 77°54′7″W / 42.01833°N 77.90194°W / 42.01833; -77.90194
Graves Road bridge 1975[10] Graves Rd. 42°1′29″N 77°54′19″W / 42.02472°N 77.90528°W / 42.02472; -77.90528
Stone Dam Road bridge 2002[11] Stone Dam Rd. 42°2′54″N 77°55′42″W / 42.04833°N 77.92833°W / 42.04833; -77.92833
Jack Bridge 1984[12] Jack Bridge Rd. 42°4′33″N 77°55′28″W / 42.07583°N 77.92444°W / 42.07583; -77.92444
Weidrick Road bridge 1953[13] Weidrick Rd. Wellsville (town) 42°6′3″N 77°56′20″W / 42.10083°N 77.93889°W / 42.10083; -77.93889
Foot bridge Footpath
Former Wellsville, Addison and Galeton Railroad		 Wellsville (village) 42°6′54″N 77°56′40″W / 42.11500°N 77.94444°W / 42.11500; -77.94444
State Street bridge 2002[14] W. State St. 42°7′8″N 77°56′48″W / 42.11889°N 77.94667°W / 42.11889; -77.94667
Stevens Street bridge 1974[15] Stevens St. 42°7′14″N 77°56′57″W / 42.12056°N 77.94917°W / 42.12056; -77.94917
Route 417 bridge 1988[16] NY 417 (Bolivar Road) 42°7′41″N 77°57′38″W / 42.12806°N 77.96056°W / 42.12806; -77.96056
Wellsville Country Club bridge Footpath/Golf cart route Wellsville (town) 42°7′51″N 77°57′49″W / 42.13083°N 77.96361°W / 42.13083; -77.96361
Knight Creek Road bridge 1978[17] CR 9 (Knight Creek Road) Scio 42°10′16″N 77°59′04″W / 42.17111°N 77.98444°W / 42.17111; -77.98444
Corbin Hill Road bridge 1971[18] CR 31A (Corbin Hill Road) Amity 42°12′23″N 78°1′21″W / 42.20639°N 78.02250°W / 42.20639; -78.02250
Belmont Dam 1925 Belmont 42°13′25″N 78°1′49″W / 42.22361°N 78.03028°W / 42.22361; -78.03028
Route 19 bridge 2009[19] NY 19 (Schuyler Street) 42°13′25″N 78°1′51″W / 42.22361°N 78.03083°W / 42.22361; -78.03083
Rail bridge Southern Tier Ext. of the Western NY and Penn. Railroad 42°13′32″N 78°1′59″W / 42.22556°N 78.03306°W / 42.22556; -78.03306
Genesee Street bridge 1997[20] NY 244 (Genesee Street) 42°13′36″N 78°2′3″W / 42.22667°N 78.03417°W / 42.22667; -78.03417
Gibson Hill Road bridge 1959[21] CR 20 (Gibson Hill Road) Angelica 42°15′50″N 78°3′7″W / 42.26389°N 78.05194°W / 42.26389; -78.05194
Southern Tier Expressway bridges 1975[22] I-86 / NY 17 (Southern Tier Expressway) 42°15′53″N 78°3′30″W / 42.26472°N 78.05833°W / 42.26472; -78.05833
County Road 16 bridge 1934[23] CR 16 42°17′46″N 78°4′29″W / 42.29611°N 78.07472°W / 42.29611; -78.07472
Hughes Street bridge 1974[24] CR 26 (East Hughes Street) Belfast 42°20′35″N 78°6′9″W / 42.34306°N 78.10250°W / 42.34306; -78.10250
Caneadea Bridge 1903[25] CR 46 (East Hill Road)
Closed for structural deficiencies 1993–2007, 2012–		 Caneadea 42°23′06″N 78°8′59″W / 42.38500°N 78.14972°W / 42.38500; -78.14972
Council House Road bridge 1989[26] Council House Road 42°24′02″N 78°9′15″W / 42.40056°N 78.15417°W / 42.40056; -78.15417
Lattice Bridge 1887[27] Disused (early 1990s)
Formerly Lattice Bridge Road		 42°26′14″N 78°7′46″W / 42.43722°N 78.12944°W / 42.43722; -78.12944
County Route 4 bridge 1980[28] CR 4 Hume 42°27′49″N 78°6′13″W / 42.46361°N 78.10361°W / 42.46361; -78.10361
Whiskey Bridge 1973[29] Bailey Road Genesee Falls–Portage 42°33′30″N 78°2′51″W / 42.55833°N 78.04750°W / 42.55833; -78.04750
Route 436 Bridge 1920[30] NY 436 (Portage Street) Genesee Falls–Portage
(Letchworth State Park)		 42°34′17″N 78°2′26″W / 42.57139°N 78.04056°W / 42.57139; -78.04056
Portage Bridge 1875 Southern Tier Line of the Norfolk Southern Railway 42°34′40″N 78°2′59″W / 42.57778°N 78.04972°W / 42.57778; -78.04972
Stone footbridge 1935[31] Footpath 42°35′9″N 78°1′4″W / 42.58583°N 78.01778°W / 42.58583; -78.01778
Mount Morris Dam 1952 Leicester–Mt. Morris (town)
(Letchworth State Park)		 42°44′0″N 77°54′25″W / 42.73333°N 77.90694°W / 42.73333; -77.90694
Genesee Valley Greenway pedestrian bridge 2012[32] Genesee Valley Greenway
Uses old Pennsylvania Railroad pilings (1881–1963)
Possible old Genesee Valley Canal aqueduct pilings (1840–1878)		 Leicester–Mt. Morris (village) 42°44′17″N 77°52′57″W / 42.73806°N 77.88250°W / 42.73806; -77.88250
Old Mt. Morris Dam 42°44′18″N 77°52′54.5″W / 42.73833°N 77.881806°W / 42.73833; -77.881806
Route 36 bridge 1957[33] NY 36 (Mt. Morris Road/N. Main Street) 42°44′19″N 77°52′54″W / 42.73861°N 77.88167°W / 42.73861; -77.88167
Rochester & Southern Railroad bridge Rochester and Southern Railroad 42°44′24″N 77°52′40″W / 42.74000°N 77.87778°W / 42.74000; -77.87778
Cuylerville Road bridge 1970[34] US 20A / NY 39 (Cuylerville Road) Leicester–Geneseo 42°46′37″N 77°50′28″W / 42.77694°N 77.84111°W / 42.77694; -77.84111
Genesee Street bridge 1950[35] NY 63 (Genesee Street) York–Geneseo 42°48′17″N 77°49′38″W / 42.80472°N 77.82722°W / 42.80472; -77.82722
Fowlerville Road bridge 1950[36] / County Route 5/County Route 22 (Fowlerville Road) York–Avon (town) 42°53′31″N 77°49′17″W / 42.89194°N 77.82139°W / 42.89194; -77.82139
Main Street bridge 2003[37] US 20 / NY 5 (Caledonia Avon Road/W. Main Street) Caledonia–Avon (village) 42°55′5″N 77°45′26″W / 42.91806°N 77.75722°W / 42.91806; -77.75722
Erie Railroad Avon–Attica Genesee River Bridge ca. 1890/ca. 1910[38] Abandoned (1976)
Trail conversion proposed by 2013
Formerly Erie Railroad Avon–Attica line		 42°55′29″N 77°45′29″W / 42.92472°N 77.75806°W / 42.92472; -77.75806
Lehigh Valley Trail bridge ca. 1892/ca. 1916 Lehigh Valley Trail linear park (2004)
former Lehigh Valley Railroad Black Diamond line		 Caledonia–Rush 42°59′4″N 77°43′54″W / 42.98444°N 77.73167°W / 42.98444; -77.73167
Rush–Scottsville Road bridge 1995[39] NY 251 (Rush–Scottsville Road) Wheatland–Rush 43°0′17″N 77°43′50″W / 43.00472°N 77.73056°W / 43.00472; -77.73056
Scottsville – West Henrietta Road bridge 1976[40] NY 253 (Scottsville – West Henrietta Road) Wheatland–Henrietta 43°1′47″N 77°43′25″W / 43.02972°N 77.72361°W / 43.02972; -77.72361
Thruway bridges 1952[41] I-90 (New York State Thruway) Chili–Henrietta 43°2′35″N 77°43′34″W / 43.04306°N 77.72611°W / 43.04306; -77.72611
Ballantyne Bridge 2007 NY 252 (Ballantyne Road/Jefferson Road) 43°5′33″N 77°40′49″W / 43.09250°N 77.68028°W / 43.09250; -77.68028
Chili–Brighton
Rail bridge 1905 West Shore Subdivision of New York Central Lines (CSX) 43°5′52″N 77°40′40″W / 43.09778°N 77.67778°W / 43.09778; -77.67778
Interstate 390 bridges 1981 I-390 (Genesee Expressway) 43°7′15″N 77°38′40″W / 43.12083°N 77.64444°W / 43.12083; -77.64444
Erie Canal crossing 1918 Erie Canal (at-grade) 43°7′17″N 77°38′32″W / 43.12139°N 77.64222°W / 43.12139; -77.64222
Rochester
Genesee Valley Park pedestrian bridge Footpath
Erie Canal Heritage Trail (Erie Canal towpath)		 43°7′19″N 77°38′23″W / 43.12194°N 77.63972°W / 43.12194; -77.63972
Elmwood Avenue bridge 1935 Elmwood Avenue 43°7′27″N 77°37′57″W / 43.12417°N 77.63250°W / 43.12417; -77.63250
Brooks Landing – University of Rochester pedestrian bridge Early 1990s Footpath 43°7′53″N 77°38′0″W / 43.13139°N 77.63333°W / 43.13139; -77.63333
Erie–Lackawanna Railroad Bridge Early 1900s[42] Rails-to-trails bike/pedestrian path (June 29, 2012)[43]
Abandoned (1971)[42]		 43°7′59″N 77°37′23″W / 43.13306°N 77.62306°W / 43.13306; -77.62306
Ford Street bridge 1844 Ford Street 43°8′31″N 77°36′54″W / 43.14194°N 77.61500°W / 43.14194; -77.61500
Frederick Douglass – Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge 2007 I-490 (Erie Canal Expressway) 43°9′4″N 77°36′33″W / 43.15111°N 77.60917°W / 43.15111; -77.60917
Court Street Dam 1918 43°9′08″N 77°36′31″W / 43.15222°N 77.60861°W / 43.15222; -77.60861
Court Street Bridge 1892 Court Street 43°9′12″N 77°36′32″W / 43.15333°N 77.60889°W / 43.15333; -77.60889
Broad Street Bridge 1842 Upper level: New York State Route 31 (East Broad Street)
Lower level: Former Rochester Subway
Former Erie Canal aqueduct		 43°9′17″N 77°36′34″W / 43.15472°N 77.60944°W / 43.15472; -77.60944
Main Street Bridge 1857 East Main Street 43°9′22″N 77°36′37″W / 43.15611°N 77.61028°W / 43.15611; -77.61028
Sister Cities Bridge 1968 Footpath 43°9′27″N 77°36′40″W / 43.15750°N 77.61111°W / 43.15750; -77.61111
Andrews Street Bridge 1893 Andrews Street 43°9′33″N 77°36′43″W / 43.15917°N 77.61194°W / 43.15917; -77.61194
Inner Loop bridge 1963 Inner Loop 43°9′38″N 77°36′47″W / 43.16056°N 77.61306°W / 43.16056; -77.61306
Rail bridge Rochester Subdivision of New York Central Lines (CSX) 43°9′39″N 77°36′47″W / 43.16083°N 77.61306°W / 43.16083; -77.61306
Pont De Rennes bridge 1891 Footpath (1982)
formerly Platt Street		 43°9′46″N 77°36′55″W / 43.16278°N 77.61528°W / 43.16278; -77.61528
Smith Street bridge 1930 Smith St./Bausch St. 43°9′57″N 77°37′13″W / 43.16583°N 77.62028°W / 43.16583; -77.62028
Railroad bridge ca. 1879[44] Decommissioned mid-1990s 43°10′12″N 77°37′21″W / 43.17000°N 77.62250°W / 43.17000; -77.62250
Driving Park Bridge 1989 Driving Park Avenue 43°10′52″N 77°37′41″W / 43.18111°N 77.62806°W / 43.18111; -77.62806
Veterans Memorial Bridge 1931 NY 104 43°11′33″N 77°37′14″W / 43.19250°N 77.62056°W / 43.19250; -77.62056
Maplewood Park – Seneca Park pedestrian bridge Wide footpath 43°11′52″N 77°37′14″W / 43.19778°N 77.62056°W / 43.19778; -77.62056
Turning Point boardwalk (crosses basin; does not cross to east bank) 2006 Footpath 43°13′56″N 77°37′6″W / 43.23222°N 77.61833°W / 43.23222; -77.61833
Colonel Patrick O'Rorke Memorial Bridge 2004 Pattonwood Drive 43°14′54″N 77°36′41″W / 43.24833°N 77.61139°W / 43.24833; -77.61139
Hojack Swing Bridge 1905
(demolished 2012)		 Former New York Central and Hudson River Railroad 43°15′12″N 77°36′29″W / 43.25333°N 77.60806°W / 43.25333; -77.60806
Crossing Opened Carries Location Coordinates

References

  1. ↑ "SR 1011 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.921361;-77.779378: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  2. ↑ "SR 1011 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.924653;-77.787536: Uglybridges.com. 1991-05-06. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  3. ↑ "T-409 MUSTO HLW RD over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.937406;-77.804397: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  4. ↑ "SR 1011 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.939911;-77.811311: Uglybridges.com. 1999-04-07. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  5. ↑ "SR 1011 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.944939;-77.818256: Uglybridges.com. 1991-10-05. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  6. ↑ "SR 1011 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.975753;-77.856739: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  7. ↑ "New Genesee Bridge Opens to Traffic Friday, Bridge Opening Ceremony in Morning". Coudy News. 2011-12-14. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  8. ↑ "SR 1010 over GENESEE RIVER, Potter County, Pennsylvania". 41.994331;-77.870200: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  9. ↑ "RTE 19 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.015264;-77.894900: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  10. ↑ "GRAVES ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.024633;-77.905317: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  11. ↑ "ELEVEN MILE ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.048508;-77.928592: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  12. ↑ "JACK BRIDGE ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.075872;-77.924661: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  13. ↑ "WEIDRICK ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.100728;-77.938981: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  14. ↑ "WEST STATE ST over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.118908;-77.946811: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  15. ↑ "STEVENS STREET over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.120606;-77.949511: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  16. ↑ "RTE 417 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.128308;-77.960658: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  17. ↑ "KNIGHT CREEK ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.171253;-77.984458: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  18. ↑ "COUNTY ROAD 31A over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.206592;-78.022572: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  19. ↑ https://www.dot.ny.gov/portal/page/portal/news/press-releases/2009/2009-10-22
  20. ↑ "RTE 244 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.226925;-78.034214: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  21. ↑ "COUNTY ROAD 20 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.264078;-78.052083: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  22. ↑ "Southern Tier Road Opening Set Thursday". Schenectady Gazette. January 28, 1975. p. 34. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  23. ↑ "Genesee River Bridge". 42.296111;-78.074722: Bridgehunter.com. 2010-09-19. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  24. ↑ "CR 26 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.343244;-78.103189: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  25. ↑ Michelle Petrick (n.d.). "National Register of Historic Places Registration: Caneadea Bridge". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
  26. ↑ "COUNCIL HOUSE RD over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.401203;-78.154314: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  27. ↑ "Genesee River Bridge". 42.436667;-78.130000: Bridgehunter.com. 2012-01-14. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  28. ↑ "COUNTY RD 4 over GENESEE RIVER, Allegany County, New York". 42.463494;-78.103344: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  29. ↑ "WHISKEY BRIDGE over GENESEE RIVER, Wyoming County, New York". 42.558431;-78.047517: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  30. ↑ "RTE 436 over GENESEE RIVER, Livingston County, New York". 42.571194;-78.040503: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  31. ↑ "Stone Hiking Bridge - Letchworth State Park, New York - Hiking Path Footbridges on". Waymarking.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  32. ↑ http://www.geneseesun.com/index.php/living/arts1146328347/1435-greenway-dedication-ceremony-to-honor-new-bridge
  33. ↑ "RTE 36 over GENESEE RIVER, Livingston County, New York". 42.738475;-77.881589: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  34. ↑ "RTE 20A over GENESEE RIVER, Livingston County, New York". +42.77705;-77.84110: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
  35. ↑ "RTE 63 over GENESEE RIVER, Livingston County, New York". 42.804561;-77.827089: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  36. ↑ "FOWLERVILLE ROAD over GENESEE RIVER, Livingston County, New York". 42.891772;-77.821422: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  37. ↑ "RTE 5 over Genesee River, Livingston County, New York". 42.917906;-77.757264: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  38. ↑ http://www.gtcmpo.org/Docs/PlansStudies/Erie-Attica%20RR%20Bridge%20and%20Trail%20Conversion%20Study.pdf
  39. ↑ "RTE 251 over GENESEE RIVER, Monroe County, New York". 43.004814;-77.730017: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  40. ↑ "RTE 253 over GENESEE RIVER, Monroe County, New York". 43.029633;-77.723247: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  41. ↑ "RTE I90 over GENESEE RIVER, Monroe County, New York". 43.042992;-77.726508: Uglybridges.com. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  42. 1 2 http://www.gtcmpo.org/Docs/PlansStudies/ErieLackawannaRRBridgeTrailStudy.pdf
  43. ↑ "City of Rochester | News Release - Smith Street Bridge to close this weekend". Cityofrochester.gov. 2009-09-10. Retrieved 2012-06-03.
  44. ↑ Sharp, Brian. Railroad bridge could become trail walkway. Democrat and Chronicle. 2009-11-16. URL:http://www.democratandchronicle.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2009911140347. Accessed: 2009-11-16. (Archived by WebCite® at http://www.webcitation.org/5lKTikUTH)
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, January 17, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.