List of endangered languages in China
An endangered language is a language that it is at risk of falling out of use, generally because it has few surviving speakers. If it loses all of its native speakers, it becomes an extinct language. UNESCO defines four levels of language endangerment between "safe" (not endangered) and "extinct":[1]
- Vulnerable
- Definitely endangered
- Severely endangered
- Critically endangered
Languages
Main article: Languages of China
| Language | Status | Comments | ISO 639-3 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adi language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India | adi |
| Aluo language | Definitely endangered[1] | yna | |
| Amis language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | ami |
| Amok language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Laos, Burma, Thailand | mqt |
| Anung language | Critically endangered[1] | nun | |
| Aqaw Gelao language | Critically endangered[1] | gio | |
| Ayizi language | Critically endangered[1] | yyz | |
| Baheng language | Vulnerable[1] | pha | |
| Baima language | Vulnerable[1] | bqh | |
| Bokar language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India | adi |
| Bola language | Definitely endangered[1] | bxd | |
| Bonan language | Definitely endangered[1] | peh | |
| Bori language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | adi |
| Bunun language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | bnn |
| Buryat language | Definitely endangered[1] | (Manchuria). Also spoken in: Mongolia | bxm, bxr, bxu |
| Buyang language | Severely endangered[1] | yzg, yha, yin | |
| Chesu language | Definitely endangered[1] | ych | |
| Chintaw language | Critically endangered[1] | xia | |
| Choyi language | Definitely endangered[1] | qvy | |
| Cosung language | Definitely endangered[1] | lkc | |
| Dagur language | Critically endangered[1] | (Amur). | dta |
| Ersu language | Definitely endangered[1] | ers | |
| Evenki language | Severely endangered[1] | (Manchuria) | evn, orh |
| Gangou language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Gazhuo language | Definitely endangered[1] | kaf | |
| Green Gelao language | Critically endangered[1] | giq | |
| Guichong language | Vulnerable[1] | gqi | |
| Hlersu language | Vulnerable[1] | hle | |
| Hu language | Definitely endangered[1] | huo | |
| Huzhu Monguor language | Severely endangered[1] | mjg | |
| Idu language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | clk |
| Ili Turk language | Severely endangered[1] | ili | |
| Jinuo language | Definitely endangered[1] | jiy, jiu | |
| Jiongnai Bunu language | Definitely endangered[1] | pnu | |
| Jone language | Definitely endangered[1] | cda | |
| Kanakanabu language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | xnb |
| Kangjia language | Severely endangered[1] | kxs | |
| Kathu language | Definitely endangered[1] | ykt | |
| Kavalan language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | ckv |
| Khamba language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | kbg |
| Khamnigan Mongol language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Mongolia, Russia | |
| Khmin language | Vulnerable[1] | bgk | |
| Kilen language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | gld |
| Ladakhi language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India | cna, lbj, tkk |
| Laemae language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Lai language | Definitely endangered[1] | ply | |
| Laji language | Critically endangered[1] | lbt | |
| Lajia language | Definitely endangered[1] | lbc | |
| Lalo language | Vulnerable[1] | yik, ywt, yit, ywl | |
| Lamu language | Critically endangered[1] | llh | |
| Laomian language | Definitely endangered[1] | lwm | |
| Mak language | Definitely endangered[1] | mkg | |
| Manchu language | Critically endangered[1] | (Amur). | juc, mnc |
| Manchu language | Critically endangered[1] | (Nonni). | juc, mnc |
| Manchurian Kirghiz language | Critically endangered[1] | ||
| Manchurian Ölöt language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Mang language | Definitely endangered[1] | zng | |
| Maonan language | Vulnerable[1] | mmd | |
| Miju language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India | mxj |
| Minhe Monguor language | Definitely endangered[1] | mjg | |
| Miqie language | Definitely endangered[1] | yiq | |
| Mo'ang language | Definitely endangered[1] | ||
| Mok language | Definitely endangered[1] | tlq | |
| Motuo Menba language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | tsj |
| Mra language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | |
| Muda language | Vulnerable[1] | ymd | |
| Muji language | Definitely endangered[1] | ymx, ymq, ymc, ymi, ymz | |
| Mulam language | Vulnerable[1] | mlm | |
| Mulao language | Severely endangered[1] | ||
| Muya language | Vulnerable[1] | mvm | |
| Na language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | |
| Naluo language | Vulnerable[1] | ylo | |
| Namuyi language | Vulnerable[1] | nmy | |
| Nanay language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Russia | gld |
| Nataoran language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | ais |
| Northern Tujia language | Severely endangered[1] | tji | |
| Numao Bunu language | Definitely endangered[1] | bwx | |
| Ordos language | Definitely endangered[1] | drh, khk, mvf | |
| Oyrat language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia | xal |
| Paiwan language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | pwn |
| Pakan language | Definitely endangered[1] | bbh | |
| Patua language | Critically endangered[1] | mzs | |
| Phula language | Vulnerable[1] | ypa, ypg, ypo, yip, ypn, yhl, ypb, phh, ypm, ypp, yph, ypz | |
| Pupeo language | Definitely endangered[1] | laq | |
| Pyuma language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | pyu |
| Rao language | Definitely endangered[1] | tct | |
| Red Gelao language | Critically endangered[1] | gir | |
| Rukai language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | dru |
| Saaroa language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | sxr |
| Saisiyat language | Severely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | xsy |
| Salar language | Vulnerable[1] | slr | |
| Samatao language | Critically endangered[1] | ysd | |
| Samatu language | Critically endangered[1] | ||
| Samei language | Severely endangered[1] | smh | |
| Sangkong language | Vulnerable[1] | sgk | |
| Santa language | Vulnerable[1] | sce | |
| Sanyi language | Severely endangered[1] | ysy | |
| Sarikoli language | Definitely endangered[1] | srh | |
| Saryg Yugur language | Severely endangered[1] | ybe | |
| She language | Critically endangered[1] | shx | |
| Sherpa language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India, Nepal | xsr |
| Shingsaba language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Nepal | lhm |
| Shira Yugur language | Severely endangered[1] | yuy | |
| Shixing language | Definitely endangered[1] | sxg | |
| Sibe language | Severely endangered[1] | sjo | |
| Sinkiang Dagur language | Definitely endangered[1] | dta | |
| Solon language | Definitely endangered[1] | evn, orh | |
| Southern Tujia language | Severely endangered[1] | tjs | |
| Sulung language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | suv |
| Talu language | Vulnerable[1] | yta | |
| Tanglang language | Vulnerable[1] | ytl | |
| Tangwang language | Definitely endangered[1] | ||
| Taroko language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | trv |
| Taruang language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: India, Burma | mhu |
| Tawang language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Bhutan, India | twm |
| Tayal language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | tay |
| Thao language | Critically endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | ssf |
| Tinan language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | lbf |
| Tshangla language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Bhutan, India | tsj |
| Tsou language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | tsy |
| Tuvan language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Mongolia, Russia | tyv |
| U language | Definitely endangered[1] | uuu | |
| Utsat language | Definitely endangered[1] | huq | |
| Wakhi language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: Pakistan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan | wbl |
| Waxiang language | Vulnerable[1] | wxa | |
| White Gelao language | Severely endangered[1] | giw | |
| Wunai Bunu language | Definitely endangered[1] | bwn | |
| Wuse language | Vulnerable[1] | eee | |
| Wutun language | Definitely endangered[1] | wuh | |
| Yami language | Vulnerable[1] | Also spoken in: Taiwan. Formosan languages. | tao |
| Yerong language | Severely endangered[1] | yrn | |
| Younuo Bunu language | Definitely endangered[1] | buh | |
| Zaiwa language | Definitely endangered[1] | Also spoken in: India | zkr |
| Zaozou language | Vulnerable[1] | zal | |
| Zhaba language | Vulnerable[1] | zhb | |
See also
- Lists of endangered languages
- List of languages by time of extinction
- Red Book of Endangered Languages
- Affirmative action in China
- Human rights in China
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 Moseley, Christopher, ed. (2010). Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger. Memory of Peoples (3rd ed.). Paris: UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-104096-2. Retrieved 2015-04-11.
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