| Ethnic group | 2010 census[1] | 2000[1] |
| Tajiks | 7006637383400000000♠6,373,834 7001843000000000000♠84.3% | |
| Uzbeks | 7005926344000000000♠926,344 7001122000000000000♠12.2% | |
| Kyrgyzs | 7004607150000000000♠60,715 6999800000000000000♠0.8% | |
| Russians | 7004348380000000000♠34,838 6999500000000000000♠0.5% | |
| Turkmens | 7004151710000000000♠15,171 6999200000000000000♠0.2% | |
| Tatars | 7003649500000000000♠6,495 6999100000000000000♠0.1% | |
| Arabs | 7003418400000000000♠4,184 6999100000000000000♠0.1% | |
| Afghans | 7003367500000000000♠3,675 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Romanis | 7003234400000000000♠2,344 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Turks | 7003136000000000000♠1,360 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Ukrainians | 7003109000000000000♠1,090 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Chinese | 7002801000000000000♠801 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Azerbaijanis | 7002798000000000000♠798 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Koreans | 7002634000000000000♠634 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Kazakhs | 7002595000000000000♠595 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Persians | 7002473000000000000♠473 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Germans | 7002446000000000000♠446 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Armenians | 7002434000000000000♠434 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Ossetians | 7002396000000000000♠396 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Uyghurs | 7002276000000000000♠276 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Karelians | 7002166000000000000♠166 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Moldovans | 7002157000000000000♠157 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Bashkirs | 7002143000000000000♠143 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Belarusians | 7002104000000000000♠104 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| English | 7002104000000000000♠104 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Georgians | 7001920000000000000♠92 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Americans | 7001620000000000000♠62 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Chuvashs | 7001470000000000000♠47 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Mordvins | 7001420000000000000♠42 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Jews | 7001340000000000000♠34 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Greeks | 7001280000000000000♠28 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Poles | 7001230000000000000♠23 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Chechens | 7001200000000000000♠20 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Bulgarians | 7001190000000000000♠19 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Crimean Tatars | 7001180000000000000♠18 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Siberian Tatars | 7001170000000000000♠17 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Maris | 7001130000000000000♠13 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Lezgins | 7001130000000000000♠13 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Avars | 7001130000000000000♠13 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Udmurts | 7001120000000000000♠12 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Lithuanians | 7001110000000000000♠11 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Ingushs | 7001110000000000000♠11 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Estonians | 7001100000000000000♠10 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Latvians | 7000900000000000000♠9 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Australians | 7000900000000000000♠9 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Kabardins | 7000800000000000000♠8 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Kurds | 7000700000000000000♠7 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Icelandic | 7000700000000000000♠7 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| French | 7000700000000000000♠7 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Dargwa | 7000600000000000000♠6 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Buryats | 7000600000000000000♠6 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Tabasarans | 7000600000000000000♠6 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Dutch | 7000600000000000000♠6 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Kumyks | 7000500000000000000♠5 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Cherkess | 7000500000000000000♠5 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Finns | 7000500000000000000♠5 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Abazins | 7000500000000000000♠5 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Karakalpaks | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Khakass | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Abkhazians | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Romanians | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Koryaks | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Chuvans | 7000400000000000000♠4 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Vietnamese | 7000300000000000000♠3 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Bukharan Jews | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Laks (Dagestan) | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Crimean Karaites | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Komi-Permyaks | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Karachays | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Balkars | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Slovaks | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Italians | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Japanese | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Tofalars | 7000200000000000000♠2 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Komis | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Nenets | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Dungans | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Hungarians | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Aguls | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |
| Nogays | 7000100000000000000♠1 5000000000000000000♠0% | |