List of first female physicians by country

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This is a list of the first qualified female physician to practice in each country, where that is known. Many, if not all, countries have had female physicians since time immemorial, however modern systems of qualification have often commenced as male only, whether de facto or de jure. The dates given in parentheses below are the dates the women graduated from medical school.

Africa

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

 Algeria Nefissa Hamoud[1]
 Egypt Hilana Sedarous 1930 1930
 Ghana Susan Ofori-Atta 1949 1949
 Kenya Mary de Sousa 1919[2]
 Mauritania Two women[3] 2015 2015
 Morocco Françoise Legey[3] (born in France) 1910
 Namibia Libertina Amathila 1969 1969
 Nigeria Elizabeth Abimbola Awoliyi 1938 1938
 Senegal Marie-Thérèse Basse[4]
 Somalia Hawa Abdi 1971 1971
 South Africa Jane Elizabeth Waterston
 Sudan Khalida Zahir[5] 1952 1952
And one other woman[6] 1952
 Tanzania Esther Mwaikambo[7] 1969 1969
 Tunisia Tewhida Ben Sheikh 1936 1936
 Uganda Josephine Nambooze 1959 1962
 Zimbabwe Madeline Nyamwanza-Makonese 1970 1970

Americas

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

 Argentina Cecilia Grierson 1889 1889
 Bermuda Barbara Ball 1949 1949
 Bolivia Amelia Chopitea Villa 1926 1929
 Brazil Marie Durocher 1834 1834
 Canada Emily Stowe
  • Canadian licenses granted 1880
1867

1875

1867

1875

Jennie Kidd Trout 1875 1875
 Chile Eloísa Díaz 1886 1887
 Colombia Ana Galvis Hotz 1877 1877
 Costa Rica Anita Figueredo (lived in USA)
 Cuba Laura Martínez de Carvajal 1889 1889
 Dominican Republic Andrea Evangelina Rodríguez Perozo
 Ecuador Matilde Hidalgo 1921 1921
 El Salvador Estela Gavidia 1945 1945
 Haiti Yvonne Sylvain 1940 1940
 Honduras Lucila Gamero de Medina
 Jamaica Cicely Williams 1923 1923
 Mexico Matilde Montoya 1887 1887
 Nicaragua Concepción Palacios Herrera 1927 1928
 Peru Laura Esther Rodriguez Dulanto 1899 1900
 Puerto Rico María Elisa Rivera Díaz 1909 1909
Ana Janer 1909 1909
 United States Elizabeth Blackwell 1849 1851
 Uruguay Paulina Luisi 1908 1909
 Venezuela Lya Imber 1936 1936

Asia

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

 Afghanistan Maghul M. Ali[8] Late 1950s Late 1950s
 Azerbaijan Sona Valikhan 1908 1908
 Bahrain Sadeeqa Ali Al-Awadi[9]
 Bangladesh Zohra Begum Kazi
 Cyprus Maria Michaelides 1927 1927
 Hong Kong Lai Po-cheun[10]
 India Anandi Gopal Joshi 1886 Never practiced
 Indonesia Marie E. Thomas[11]
 Iran Badri Teymourtash 1920s 1920s
 Iraq 1922[12]
 Israel Bat Sheva Yonis-Guttman

(first recorded)[13]

1909
 Japan Ogino Ginko 1882 1885
 Korea Jang-geum 16th century
 Kuwait Eleanor Calverley (born in USA)[14] 1908 1911
 Lebanon Edma Abouchdid 1931 1936
 Malaysia Salma Ismail[14] 1949 1949
 Palestine Alexandra Belkind (born in Russia) 1882
 Philippines Honoria Acosta-Sison 1909 1909
 Russia Nadezhda Suslova 1867 1868
 Singapore Lee Choo Neo 1919 1919
 Syria Tabat M. Islamboody[15] 1890 1890
 Taiwan Tsai Ah-hsin 1921 1925
 Thailand Pierra Vejjabul 1936 1936
 Turkey Safiye Ali 1922
 Vietnam Henriette Bùi Quang Chiêu 1934
 Yemen 1990s[16]

Europe

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

 Austria Gabriele Possanner 1897 1897
 Austria-Hungary Sofiia Okunevska-Moraczewska 1894 1894
 Belgium Isala Van Diest 1879 1879
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Dr. Krajewska c. 1897[17]
 Bulgaria Anastasia Golovina 1878 1878
 Croatia Karola Maier Milobar 1900 1906
 Czech Republic Anna Honzáková 1902 1902
 Denmark Nielsine Nielsen 1886 1889
 England Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 1862 1865
 Estonia Selma Feldbach 1904
 Finland Rosina Heikel 1878 1878
 France Madeleine Brès 1875 1875
 Germany Dorothea Erxleben 1754 1754
 Greece (Athens) Agnodice 4th Century BCE
 Hungary Vilma Hugonnai 1879 1897
 Iceland 1917[18]
 Ireland Eleanora Fleury 1890 1890
 Italy Dorotea Bucca pre-1390
 Lithuania Veronika Alseikaitė[19] 1908 1908
 Malta Blanche Huber[20] 1925 1925
 Montenegro Divna Veković 1940s
 Netherlands Aletta Jacobs 1879 1879
 Norway Marie Spångberg Holth 1893 1893
 Poland Anna Tomaszewicz-Dobrska 1877 1877
 Portugal Amélia dos Santos Costa Cardia 1891 1891
 Romania Maria Cuțarida-Crătunescu 1884 1891
 Russia Nadezhda Suslova 1867 1868
 Scotland Marion Gilchrist 1894 1894
 Serbia Draga Ljočić 1879 1881
 Spain Dolors Aleu i Riera 1879 1882
 Sweden Lovisa Åhrberg Never educated;

certified 1850s

1840
  Switzerland Marie Heim-Vögtlin 1874 1874
 Ukraine Sofiia Okunevska-Moraczewska 1894 1897
 United Kingdom Elizabeth Garrett Anderson 1862 1865
 Wales Frances Hoggan 1870 1870

Oceania

Country Physician Year graduated

medical school

Year began

practice

 Australia Constance Stone 1890
 Fiji Jiko Luveni 1967 1967
 New Zealand Emily Siedeberg 1896 1905
 Tuvalu Nese Ituaso[21] 1999
Miliama Simeona[21] 1999

See also

References

  1. Evans, Martin (2012-01-01). Algeria: France's Undeclared War. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780192803504.
  2. Greenwood, A.; Topiwala, H. (2016-01-12). Indian Doctors in Kenya, 1895-1940: The Forgotten History. Springer. ISBN 9781137440532.
  3. 1 2 "Mauritania’s Only Medical School Graduates Its First Class - Al-Fanar Media". Al-Fanar Media. 2015-08-18. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  4. Hayter-Menzies, Grant (2015-03-15). Lillian Carter: A Compassionate Life. McFarland. ISBN 9781476619330.
  5. Mubarak, Khalid Al (2015-06-23). "Khalida Zahir obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  6. http://www.sudanjp.org/uploads/9/2/7/0/9270568/sjp_v12_2_sudanese_female_doctors_in_paediatrics.pdf
  7. "Tanzania’s First Female Physician begins Medical School, Builds Alliances with U.S. Institutions". Duke Global Health Institute. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  8. Emadi, Hafizullah (2002-01-01). Repression, Resistance, and Women in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780275976712.
  9. "First for Bahrain: Women in medicine". www.citizensforbahrain.com. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  10. "Dr. Lai Po-cheun, First Woman Medical Student at HKU". Hong Kong's First. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  11. Hesselink, Liesbeth (2011-01-01). Healers on the Colonial Market: Native Doctors and Midwives in the Dutch East Indies. BRILL. ISBN 9789004253575.
  12. Kristof, Nicholas D. (2002-10-01). "Iraq's Little Secret". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  13. http://in.bgu.ac.il/bgi/iyunim/DocLib1/gender_abstracts.pdf
  14. 1 2 Windsor, Laura Lynn (2002-01-01). Women in Medicine: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781576073926.
  15. Ewing, Rachel (2013-07-24). "From India, Japan and Syria, 19th Century Women Who Trekked to Philadelphia for Medical School". Drexel News Blog. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  16. Burns, John F. (2000-12-03). "Death, and Life, in a Medical School in Yemen". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  17. North-western Christian Advocate. Swormstedt & Poe. 1897-01-01.
  18. Karlsson, Gunnar (2000-01-01). The History of Iceland. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 9780816635894.
  19. "Belili: Marija Gimbutas Bio". www.belili.org. Retrieved 2016-05-01.
  20. http://www.um.edu.mt/umms/mmj/PDF/463.pdf
  21. 1 2 AusAID. "Tuvalu’s first female doctors return home" (PDF). focus magazine June 2001 p. 21 (Vol.16 No.2). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-08-15. Retrieved 10 October 2015. List of pages
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