List of hooligan firms
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
German football hooligans with masked faces in a 1990s match.
This is a list of notable hooligan firms or football firms, which are groups that have been verified as participating in football hooliganism or other sports-related hooliganism. In countries such as England and Poland, firms are clearly defined, but in South America the situation is less clear cut. For groups in South America, see Barra Brava and Torcida organizada.
Albania
- KF Elbasani – Ultras Elbasani[1]
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia
- Dinamo Zagreb – Bad Blue Boys[4]
- Hajduk Split – Torcida Split, White Boys[5]
- Rijeka – Armada Rijeka[6]
Czech Republic
- Baník Ostrava – Silesian Hunters,[7] Apple Commando,[8] Thor Division[9]
- Bohemians 1905 – Berserk[10]
- FK Dukla Prague – Young Hunters[11]
- SFC Opava – Chalupáři,[12] Young Boys[12]
- SK Sigma Olomouc – NSC 88, Tarzan Boys Olomouc, Hooligans Hovada Zubr[13]
- Slavia Prague – Youngsters,[14] Brigate 97[15]
- Sparta Prague – Prague Boys,[16][17] Youth Firm,[18] Falanga,[19]
- FC Viktoria Plzeň – Service Squad[20]
- FC Zbrojovka Brno – Johny Kentus Gang[21]
Denmark
- AGF – White Pride,[22] Aarhus Casuals[23]
- Aab – Aalborg Frontline, Aalborg Casual Youth[24]
- Esbjerg fB – Esbjerg Supras[25]
- F.C. København – Copenhagen Casuals,[26] Copenhagen Casuals Young Boys[27]
- Lyngby Boldklub – Blue Army[28]
England
- AFC Bournemouth – Bournemouth Casual Element[29]
- Aldershot Town – A Company[30]
- Arsenal – The Gooners, The Edecaws[31]
- Aston Villa – Villa Youth, Steamers, Villa Hardcore, C-Crew[32]
- Birmingham City – Zulus[33]
- Blackburn Rovers – Blackburn Youth[34]
- Blackpool – The Muckers[34]
- Bolton Wanderers – Cuckoo Boys, Boltons Service Youth[35]
- Bradford City – The Ointment[36]
- Brentford – Ealing Road Army, Brentford Youth Element[37]
- Bristol City – City Service Firm, Family Stand Ointment[38]
- Bristol Rovers – Gas Hit Squad[38]
- Burnley – Suicide Squad[39]
- Bury – Interchange Riot Squad[40]
- Carlisle United – Border City Firm[41]
- Charlton Athletic – Cockney Firestarters, B Mob Charlton Youth Casuals[42]
- Chelsea – Headhunters[43]
- Chester – 125's[44]
- Coventry City – The Legion[45]
- Crystal Palace - Dirty 30[46]
- Derby County – Derby Lunatic Fringe[47]
- Everton – County Road Cutters[48]
- Fulham – Thames Bank Travellers
- F.C. Halifax Town - Halifax Youth[49]
- Grimsby Town – Cleethorpes Beach Patrol, Grimsby Hit Squad[50]
- Huddersfield Town – Huddersfield Young Casuals[51]
- Hull City – Hull City Psychos[52]
- Ipswich Town – Ipswich Punishment Squad[53]
- Leeds United – Leeds United Service Crew[54]
- Leicester City – Baby Squad[55]
- Lincoln City – Lincoln Transit Elite[56]
- Liverpool – The Urchins, R.R.S. Runcorn Riot Squad[57]
- Luton Town – The MIGs, Lutonistan, Lutonlees Bury Park Boys[58]
- Manchester City – Blazing Squad,[59] Cool Cats,[60] Guvnors,[61] Mayne Line Service Crew[62]
- Manchester United – The Red Army,[63] Men In Black,[64] Inter City Jibbers[65]
- Mansfield Town - Mansfield Shady Express[66]
- Middlesbrough – The Frontline[67]
- Millwall – Bushwackers[68]
- Milton Keynes – The Concrete Fifty (TCF)[69]
- Newcastle United – Newcastle Gremlins[70] The New Batch
- Nottingham Forest – Forest Executive Crew[71]
- Norwich City – Norwich Hit Squad, Under 5's[72]
- Oldham Athletic – Fine Young Casuals[73]
- Oxford United – South Midlands Hit Squad[74]
- Peterborough United – Blue Division[75]
- Plymouth Argyle – The Central Element[76]
- Portsmouth – 6.57 Crew[77]
- Preston North End – Preston Para Squad[78]
- Queens Park Rangers – Bushbabies[79]
- Reading FC – Berkshire Boot Boys[79]
- Shrewsbury Town – English Border Front[79]
- Sheffield United – Blades Business Crew[80][81]
- Sheffield Wednesday – Owls Crime Squad (OCS), Is That It (ITI)[82]
- Southend United – CS Crew[83]
- Stoke City – Naughty Forty[84]
- Sunderland – The Seaburn Casuals[85]
- Swindon Town – The Aggro Boys; Swindon Active Service (SAS)[86]
- Tottenham Hotspur – Yid Army, Tottenham Massive, Spurs N17[59][87]
- Tranmere Rovers – TSB (Tranmere Stanley Boys)[88]
- Port Vale – Vale Lunatic Fringe[89]
- West Bromwich Albion – Section Five[90]
- Watford FC – Watford Risk Squad[91]
- West Ham United – Inter City Firm I.C.F[92]
- Wolverhampton Wanderers – Subway Army 1981–1984, The Bridge Boys 1987–1988, Yam Yam Army mid 2000's–present[93]
- York City – York Nomad Society (YNS)[94]
Finland
- HIFK – IFKs Yngre Grabbar[95]
- HJK – Sakilaiset[95][96][97]
- TPS[98]
- Jokerit[98]
- FC Lahti – Lahen Pojat[96]
France
- Paris Saint-Germain F.C. – Commando Pirate,[99] Casual Firm, Indépendants[100][101]
- Lille OSC – LOSC Army[102]
- Olympique Lyonnais – Mezza Lyon[103]
Germany
- Borussia Dortmund – Frontline, Northside[104]
- Dynamo Dresden – Hooligans Elbflorenz,[105] Faust des Ostens[106]
- Eintracht Frankfurt – Adlerfront[107]
- 1. FSV Mainz 05 – Mz-Army '84[108]
Hungary
- Ferencvárosi TC – Kettes szektor (2nd Sector)[109]
Israel
Montenegro
- FK Budućnost – Varvari[111]
Netherlands
- ADO Den Haag – Midden Noord, North Side, Vak-G[112]
- AFC Ajax – A.F.C.A, F-Side, AFCA Youth, AFCA 4th, North Up Alliance, South Crew VAK410[113][113][114]
- AZ – Ben-Side, Red White Fanatics/Alkmaar Fanatics[115][116]
- De Graafschap – Brigata Tifosi, Spinnenkop[117]
- PEC Zwolle – S-Side, Vandas noord, Zwolle Joet[118]
- FC Dordrecht – Island defenders, Dikeside[119]
- FC Groningen – Groningen Fanatics, Z-Side[120]
- FC Twente – Vak-P[121]
- FC Utrecht – Bunnikside, UHF[122]
- Feyenoord – U.D.F, DeF, SCF, FIIIR, Vak-S[123][124]
- Helmond Sport – AA-Side, NFH Hsh/Hyc[121]
- MVV Maastricht – Angel-Side, Ultras Mestreech[125]
- NAC Breda – B-Side, F7 Ultras, Vak-G[126]
- NEC – Legio Noviomagum, HKN, Eastside, Nijmegen Joet[127]
- PSV – L-Side, Lighttown Madness, Oostfront[128]
- SC Cambuur – M.I.-Side[129]
- SC Heerenveen – Nieuw Noord[130]
- Sparta Rotterdam – Spangenaren, Tifosi del Castello[131]
- Vitesse – Rijnfront, Vak126[132]
- Willem II – Kingside, Tilburg Tifosi[133]
Norway
- Aalesunds FK / SPK Rollon – Blue Army Aalesund / Blue Army Rollon[134]
- Fredrikstad FK – Brigade Rød Hvit (BRH) CCTV Firm, Red Beavers.[135]
- Ham-Kam – Briskebys Beste Borgere (BBB)[136]
- I.K. Start – Christianssands Herreekvipasje (CHE)[137]
- Lillestrøm SK – Sportsklubbens fineste (SKF)[138]
- S.K. Brann – Bergen Casuals (TGB)[139]
- Viking FK – Stavanger Yngre (SYC)[140]
- Vålerenga I.F. Fotball – Isko Boys, Enga Casuals, Enga Yngre (IB,EC,EY)[141]
Poland
- Arka Gdynia – Młoda Arka[142]
- Cracovia – Jude Gang[142]
- Górnik Zabrze – Torcida[143]
- Korona Kielce – YBH'01 (Young Boys Hooligans)[144]
- Lech Poznań – Brygada Banici,[142] Young Freaks '98[145]
- Lechia Gdańsk – Młode Orły[142]
- Legia Warsaw – Teddy Boys'95, Turyści'97[142]
- Pogoń Szczecin – Terror Corps[142]
- Ruch Chorzów – Psycho Fans[142]
- Stal Stalowa Wola – Stalówka 'BZC'[142]
- Śląsk Wrocław – silesia[142]
- Widzew Łódź – Destroyers[142]
- Wisła Kraków – Sharks[142]
- Zagłębie Sosnowiec – Barra Bravas'97[142]
Portugal
- Sport Lisboa e Benfica – Diabos Vermelhos,[146] No Name Boys[146]
- Futebol Clube do Porto – Super Dragões[146] Colectivo 95[146]
- Sporting Clube de Portugal – Directivo Ultras XXI,[146] Juventude Leonina,[146] Sporting Casuals,[147] Torcida Verde[146]
- Vitória Sport Clube – White Angels[146]
- Sporting Clube de Braga – Ultras Red Boys[146]
- Boavista Futebol Clube – Panteras Negras - Ultras 84[146]
Russia
- CSKA Moscow – Gallant Steeds, Yaroslavka[148]
- Spartak Moscow – Gladiators Firm '96[148]
- Zenit Saint Petersburg – Music Hall[148]
Scotland
- Aberdeen – Aberdeen Soccer Casuals,[149] Under 5s[150]
- Airdrie – Section B,[151] Red Army Firm[152]
- Alloa – Alloa Defense Unit[153]
- Arbroath – Arbroath Soccer Crew,[152] Arbroath Soccer Society[154]
- Ayr – Ayr Service Crew[155]
- Celtic – Celtic Soccer Crew,[156] Roman Catholic Casuals,[157] Celtic Baby Crew[158]
- Dundee – Dundee Soccer Crew,[152] Hilltown Huns[159]
- Dundee United – Tannadice Trendies,[152] The Shimmy[160]
- Dundee & Dundee United – The Utility,[149][161] Alliance Under Fives[152]
- Dunfermline – Carnegie Soccer Service[152]
- Falkirk – Falkirk Fear[162]
- Greenock Morton – Morton Soccer Crew,[163] Morton Youth[164]
- Heart of Midlothian – Casual Soccer Firm,[165] Gorgie Boot Boys,[166] Gorgie Aggro,[167] Shed Boys,[168] Hearts Service Crew.[169]
- Hibernian – Capital City Service,[165] Blackleys Baby Crew,[170] The Family,[171] Hibs Baby Crew,[172] Inter City Fleet[173]
- Kilmarnock – Paninaro[155]
- Meadowbank Thistle – Thistle Soccer Boys[154]
- Montrose – Portland Bill Seaside Squad,[174] Montrose Soccer Unit[154]
- Motherwell – Saturday Service,[149] Tufty Club, Soccer Shorties, Nu-Kru[152]
- Partick Thistle – North Glasgow Express[175]
- Queen of the South – Casuals Internal Division[175]
- Raith Rovers – Kirkcaldy Soccer Casuals, Kirkcaldy Baby Crew[152]
- Rangers – Inter City Firm,[156] Her Majesty’s Service,[152] Rangers Soccer Babes, Section Red[176]
- St Johnstone – Fair City Firm, Mainline Baby Squad,[152] Perth Pack,[175] BenJDavo Renegades
- St Mirren – Love Street Division[156]
- Stirling Albion – Stirling Soccer Firm, Stirling Juvenile Division[155]
Serbia
- Partizan Beograd – Alcatraz, Grobari 1970, Head Hunters, Juzni Front, Zabranjeni[177][178][179]
- Red Star Belgrade – Belgrade Boys, Red Devils, Zulu Warriors, Ultras[180][181]
Slovakia
- FK Dukla Banská Bystrica – Red White Angeles[182]
- FK DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda – Felvidéki Harcosok (Hungarian: "Upland warriors")[183]
- MFK Košice – Rebels VSS, Psycho Boys[182]
- FC Nitra – Bulldogs '95[182]
- ŠK Slovan Bratislava – Ultras Slovan Pressburg[182]
- FC Spartak Trnava – Red Black Warriors[182]
- 1. FC Tatran Prešov – Village Brigade[184]
- AS Trenčín – Trenchtown Gangsters[185]
- MŠK Žilina – Yellow Green Fanatics,[182] Terror Boys[186]
Spain
- Athletic Club – Herri Norte Taldea[187]
- Club Atlético de Madrid – Frente Atlético,Suburbios Firm[187]
- Club Atlético Osasuna – Indar Gorri[188]
- F.C Barcelona – Boixos Nois[187]
- Málaga C.F – Frente Bokerón, Malaka Hinchas[189]
Sweden
- AIK – Firman Boys,[190][191] Young Boys,[190] Baby Boys[192][193]
- BS BolticGöta/Degerfors IF/Färjestads BK – Värmlandsalliansen[194]
- Djurgårdens IF – Djurgårdens Fina Grabbar (DFG),[190] Djurgårdens Yngre Grabbar,[190] Djurgårdens Mindre Grabbar[190]
- GAIS – Gärningsmännen,[195] GAIS Yngre,[195] GAIS Babys[190]
- IFK Göteborg – Wisemen,[190] Gothenburg Youth Division,[190] Youth crew Gothenburg,[190] Gothenburg United[190]
- Kalmar FF – Kalmarfamiljen[196]
- Hammarby IF – Kompisgänget Bajen (KGB), Sudra Divizione MMXI, Bajen Baby Squad, Bajen Yngsta, Bajen Orphans[190][197]
- Helsingborgs IF – Frontline[193]
- Linköpings HC – Cluben Casuals[198]
- Malmö FF – True Rockers[193]
- Örgryte IS – Red fans klan[199]
Ukraine
- Dynamo Kyiv – WBC (White Boys Club),[200] Rodychi,[201] Kyiv City Supporters,[202] Albatros, Young Hope[203]
- Shakhtar Donetsk – Za Boys Ultras[204]
- Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk – Ultras'83[205]
- Karpaty Lviv – Banderstadt Ultras,[206] Green White Ultras[207]
- Metalist Kharkiv – United Kharkiv,[208] Pivdenna hrupa
- Zorya Luhansk – Black-White Ultras[209]
- Vorskla Poltava – Crew Of Golden Eagle[210]
- Metalurh Zaporizhya – Beshketnyky[211]
- Volyn Lutsk – Volyn Crusaders Firm[212]
- Chornomorets Odesa – SouthFront[213]
- Nyva Ternopil – Terno Field Army[214]
- FC Oleksandriya – PFCO Supporters[215]
- Dnipro Cherkasy – Cherkasy Ultras[216]
Wales
- Cardiff City – Soul Crew[217]
- Swansea City – Jack Army[218]
- Wrexham – Wrexham Frontline[44]
See also
- Football hooliganism
- Hooliganism
- Casual (subculture)
- Association football culture
- Racism in association football
- Skinhead
- Yobbo
References
- ↑ http://kfelbasani.com/http://tifozat.com/viewpage.php?page_id=89[]
- ↑ Jardine, Nick (28 September 2011). "BRUISINGS, BURNINGS AND BEATINGS: Europe's Worst Soccer Hooligans". Business Insider.
- ↑ Ed (20 February 2011). "The Ultra movement and the political influences". Libcom.org.
- ↑ "The History of the Bad Blue Boys". Archived from the original on 2009-07-03.
- ↑ Cullen, Damian (2009-05-13). "Boys from the Balkans don't need a war to go to war". The Irish Times.
- ↑ "Ponovo neredi hrvatskih navijaca: u Sloveniji sukob Armade i Viola". Index.hr. 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2012-06-02.
- ↑ "Rozhovor s Proktorem ze skupiny Silesian Hunters" [Interview with a proctor from Silesian Hunters]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 1 February 2012.
- ↑ "Baník Ostrava - Sparta Praha (Pohled Baníku)". hooligans.cz (in Czech). 15 July 2013.
- ↑ "Thor Division".
- ↑ "Rozhovor se skupinou Berserk (Bohemians 1905)" [An interview with Berserk (Bohemians 1905)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 11 August 2013.
- ↑ "Česká scéna: Dukla Praha" [Czech scene: Dukla Praha]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 July 2012.
- 1 2 "Rozhovor s chuligánem SFC Opava" [Interview with hooligans SFC Opava]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 29 January 2012.
- ↑ "Sigma hooligans hlásí návrat" [Sigma hooligans reports back]. antifa.cz (in Czech). 6 February 2012.
- ↑ "Rozhovor se členem skupiny Youngsters (Slavia Praha)" [Interview with a member of Youngsters (Slavia Prague)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 3 February 2013.
- ↑ "Ultras Slavia". Archived from the original on 19 June 2015.
- ↑ "Rozhovor s jedním ze zakladatelů Prague Boys" [Interview with one of the founders of Prague Boys]. suppoters.cz (in Czech). 21 January 2013.
- ↑ "Rozhovor s Prague Boys ze Sparty" [Interview with Prague Boys Sparta]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 20 December 2011.
- ↑ "Rozhovor se skupinou Youth Firm ze Sparty" [An interview with Sparta Youth Firm]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 5 August 2014.
- ↑ "Rozhovor s fanouškem AC Sparta Praha" [An interview with a fan of AC Sparta Praha]. suppoters.cz (in Czech). 10 January 2012.
- ↑ "Česká scéna: Viktoria Plzeň" [Czech scene: Viktoria Plzeň]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 17 July 2012.
- ↑ "Johny Kentus Gang" (in Czech). Retrieved 2013-08-21.
- ↑ "Hooligans casuals og ultras i Danmark". TV2 Nyhederne. 15 September 2008. Retrieved 12 Nov 2010.
- ↑ "Unge Casuals-bøller fører an i Århus". aarhusportalen.dk. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ af ptho for TV 2 Nyhederne. "Hooligans, casuals og ultras i Danmark - TV 2 Nyhederne". Nyhederne.tv2.dk. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ "Politiet advarer Esbjerg-fans". Bold.dk. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ "Hooligans og hagekors". redox.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 1 August 2007.
- ↑ "Danske hooligangrupper | Tipsbladet". Tipsbladet.dk. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ AF Frank Hvilsom (2012-03-29). "Politi: Blue Army fra Lyngby er hooligans" (in Danish). Politiken.dk. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ "football thug banned after arrest at airport". Bournemouth Echo. 21 April 2008. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
- ↑ "Publisher denies book glamorises hooligans". Aldershot News. 3 November 2005. Retrieved 2008-01-24.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 25. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Brown, Danny; Milo Brittle (2006). Villains: The Inside Story of Aston Villa's Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-59-4.
- ↑ Gall, Carolin (2005). Zulus: A Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-48-2.
- 1 2 Stocks, Rob (23 November 2006). "Hooligans not welcome here". Blackpool Gazette. Retrieved 2006-11-23.
- ↑ Giulianotti, Richard; Bonney, Norman; Hepworth, Mike (1994). Football, Violence and Social Identity. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 0-415-09838-6.
- ↑ - (BCF) Bradford City's Finest "Police prove they're on the ball at Moss Rose". Macclesfield Express. 29 August 2001. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 86. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- 1 2 Gas Youth Casuals: Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 94. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Porter, Andrew (2005). Suicide Squad: The story of a hooligan firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-1-903854-46-4.
- ↑ "Football Fight Club".
- ↑ Dodd, Paul; McNee, Iain (1998-11-13). England's Number One: The Great Adventures of a Serial Soccer Yob. PIG Publishing. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 140. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Ward, Colin; Hickmott, Steve (2000). Armed for the Match: The Troubles and Trials of the Chelsea Headhunters. London: Headline Books. ISBN 0-7472-6292-6.
- 1 2 "Wales v England, Poor v Rich, It's Wrexham vs. Chester".
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 174. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ "Offside, 22 August | Duleep Allirajah | spiked". Spiked-online.com. 2012-03-29. Retrieved 2012-04-02.
- ↑ "Match ban after football violence". BBC News. 29 November 2004. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
- ↑ Nicholls, Andy (2004). Scally: Confessions of a Category C Football Hooligan. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-25-3.
- ↑ Administrator, huddersfieldexaminer. "Clubs and police in plea for calm at tonight's Halifax Town v Chester FA Cup match after trouble at first game". Retrieved 2015-10-02.
- ↑ "£4m Lottery winner in soccer clash". Yorkshire Post. 2005.
- ↑ "Bremner statue targeted by vandals". Huddersfield Daily. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ↑ Tordoff, Shaun (2002). City Psychos: From the Monte Carlo Mob to the Silver Cod Squad, Four Decades of Terrace Terror. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-13-X.
- ↑ Cawthorne, Nigel; Cawthorne, Colin (2012-09-20). The Mammoth Book of Football Hooligans. Constable & Robinson Ltd, 2012. ISBN 1-849017-67-0.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls WA (2005-09-26). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 282. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ "Hooligans troublespots - Leicester City". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ↑ "Football hooligans jailed for 31 years for attack on rival fans at a family pub that sent shoppers fleeing for safety". daily mail. Retrieved 2014-09-25.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: The A-L of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 305. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Robinson, Tommy (2006). MIG Down. Pennant Books Ltd. ISBN 978-0-9550394-0-9.
- 1 2 "Football Fight Club". BBC. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
- ↑ Nicholls, Andy; Lowles, Nick (2011-12-27). Hooligans 2: The M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Milo Books.
- ↑ Francis, Michael; Walsh, Peter (1997-12-03). Guvnors: Story of a Soccer Hooligan Gang by the Man Who Led It. Milo Books. ISBN 0-9530847-1-X.
- ↑ Sullivan, Tony (2008-12-01). Sully - The Football Thug Who Didn't Give a Fuck...: The Inside Story of Manchester City's Notorious Mayne Line Service Crew. Empire Publications Ltd. ISBN 1-9017465-3-4.
- ↑ O'Neill, Tony (2004). Red Army General: The Inside Story of the World's Most Infamous Football Firm. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-32-6.
- ↑ Mackaskill, Sandy (22 December 2007). "Men In Black origins in Brick Lane violence". Telegraph.co.uk (Telegraph Media Group). Retrieved 29 April 2011.
- ↑ Blaney, Colin (2014). Undesirables: The Inside Story of the Inter City Jibbers. John Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1782198970.
- ↑ Readhead, Steve (2009). Hooligan Writing and the Study of Football Fan Culture: Problems and Possibilities. London: Nebula.
- ↑ Debrick, Paul (2005). The Brick: A Hooligan's Story. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-47-4.
- ↑ "Injured officer describes 'battlefield'". BBC News. 3 May 2002. Retrieved 2007-04-04.
- ↑ "ICF". Rangers Media. 26 April 2013.
- ↑ "Fight like 'scene from Braveheart'". BBC News. 12 March 2002. Retrieved 2008-01-16.
- ↑ Clarke, Gary (2005). The Red Barmy Army Firm. Headhunter. ISBN 978-0-9548542-3-2.
- ↑ Nicholls, Andy; Nick Lowles (2006). Hooligans Volume 2: The M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan gangs. London: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-64-4.
- ↑ "Hooligans troublespots - Oldham Athletic". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ↑ Wilkinson, Matt (12 July 2007). "Oxford United thug banned". thisisoxfordshire.co.uk. Retrieved 2009-03-16.
- ↑ "Posh Hooligans - Peterborough United". s-xpress. Retrieved 2011-12-22.
- ↑ "Five jailed over attack on fans". BBC News. 18 September 2005. Retrieved 2007-07-21.
- ↑ "Hooligans warned ahead of derby". BBC News. 10 November 2004. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ↑ "Football violence website collapses". Lancashire Evening Post. 26 May 2003. Retrieved 2007-01-18.
- 1 2 3 C-MOB. QPR YOOF Nicholls, Andy; Nick Lowles (2006). HOOLIGANS VOL.2: M-Z of Britain's Football Hooligan Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 1-903854-64-4.
- ↑ "Hooligans troublespots - Sheffield United". BBC News. 2002. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ↑ Cowens, Steve; Heaton, Paul (2001). Blades Business Crew: The Inside Story of a Football Hooligan Gang. Wrea Green: Milo Books. ISBN 978-0-9530847-8-4.
- ↑ - Allen, Paul; Naylor, Douglas (2005). Flying with the Owls Crime Squad. London: John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-093-6.
- ↑ "South Essex: We'll stop Euro 2004 hooligans". Clacton Gazette. 23 March 2004. Retrieved 2008-05-25.
- ↑ McMullan, Laura (1 October 2003). "Reformed Naughty Forty hooligan tells his tale". BBC. Retrieved 2007-01-01.
- ↑ "PRISON FOR THE FOOTIE THUGS". Sunderland Echo. Retrieved March 2015.
- ↑ "Not so beautiful". Swindon Advertiser. 21 June 2006. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
- ↑ "Hooligans". BBC. 2002. Retrieved 2007-03-03.
- ↑ "Hooligans Firms". ave-it.net. 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-30.
- ↑ Redhead, Steve (2015-06-26). Football and Accelerated Culture: This Modern Sporting Life. Routledge. ISBN 9781317411543.
- ↑ Kelly, John (19 May 2002). "Woz on the telly: Bunch of cowards". The Sunday Mirror. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ↑ O'malley, Vince. "Watford fan appeals violent disorder ban". Watford observer.
- ↑ Pennant, Cass (2003). Congratulations You Have Just Met the ICF. Blake Publishing. ISBN 978-1-904034-85-8.
- ↑ "Hooligans troublespots - Wolverhampton Wanderers". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-08-13.
- ↑ "Football gang launches website - York City". York Press. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- 1 2 Partanen, Joonas (19 May 2009). "Suomalaisten kannattajaryhmien joukkotappeluvideo leviää netissä" (in Finnish). Iltalehti. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
- 1 2 http://www.ess.i/uutiset/kotimaa/2014/04/20/fc-lahden-ja-hjkn-fanit-pistivat-joukkotappeluksi-jo-ennen-ottelua?ref=kotimaa-article-textlist-mostReadSection-default[]
- ↑ "HJK – FC København 27.11.2014, riots and arrests before match".
- 1 2 Laitinen, Joonas (27 October 2013). "Urheilufanit tappelivat Helsingissä – ohikulkija kuvasi tappelun" (in Finnish).
- ↑ Thiolay, Boris (8 May 2003). "Moi, Fred, hooligan du PSG" (in French). l'Express. Archived from the original on 6 May 2008. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
- ↑ Pugmire, Jerome (20 April 2006). "Racist insults infiltrate French soccer stadium". The Boston Bay State Banner. Archived from the original on 2006-07-15. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
- ↑ "Faut-il avoir peur des supporters ?" (in French). senat.fr. 8 May 2003. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
- ↑ "LOSC : un leader " extrémiste " en prison - Actualité Métropole - Nord - La Voix du Nord" [LOSC: "extremist" leader in prison] (in French). Lavoixdun. 2 February 2010.
- ↑ "Des hooligans lyonnais brandissent une banderole anti-réfugiés à Gerland" [Lyon hooligans brandish anti-refugee banner at Gerland] (in French). Rue89Lyon. 14 September 2015.
- ↑ "Rätselraten um Fan-Randale" (in German). Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. 21 December 2009.
- ↑ "Sachsen, macht Faxen!" (in German). Der Tagesspiegel. 3 November 2006.
- ↑ "DFB-Pokal-Krawalle: Dresdner und Dortmunder Rechtsextreme arbeiteten zusammen" (in German). Spiegel Online. 1 December 2011.
- ↑ "Es ist wie eine Sucht" (in German). Focus. 3 October 1993. Retrieved 2009-06-18.
- ↑ "Gar nicht so lustig" (in German). Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. 1 December 2009.
- ↑ "Maďarsko: Zomrel Ferenc Karsai (alias Hypós)" [Hungary: Ferenc Karsai (alias Hypós) dead]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 24 June 2010.
- ↑ Montague, James (26 November 2006). "200 Rockets, riots and rivalry". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2007-05-20.
- ↑ "Varvari dali omaž propadanju Budućnosti" (in Montenegrin). Vijesti.me. Retrieved 2016-02-29.
- ↑ "ADO Den Haag en Midden-Noo rd is wat telt" (in Dutch). Groengelbhart.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- 1 2 Broadbent, Rick (2007-02-06). "The battle that undermines Ajaxs search for beautiful game". The Times (London). Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ↑ "Ajax hooligan Rick H heb veel leed veroorzaakt" (in Dutch). RTL News. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Red White Fanatics (De sfeermakers bij AZ)" (in Dutch). Redwhitefanatics.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Supportersbeweging Victoria Alkmaar" (in Dutch). Victoria Alkmaar. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
- ↑ "Brigata Tifosi stand your ground!" (in Dutch). In De Hekken. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Euforie in Den Bosch na spectaculaire bekerzege op FC Twente" (in Dutch). Omroep Brabant. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Klaus de Vlaming Lid van Verdienste" (in Dutch). Fcdordrecht.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Z-side pikt verbanning niet" (in Dutch). Trotsvanhetnoorden.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- 1 2 Whyatt, Chris (2008-08-13). "McClaren's new charges". BBC News. Retrieved 2010-05-08.
- ↑ "Steun FC Utrecht tegen FC Twente vanaf Bunnikside" (in Dutch). FCUtrecht.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Insanity from Rotterdam". BBC News. 2002-03-03.
- ↑ "Interview with Feyenoord-Casuals". hoolsworld.net. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Interview met Snuf, voorganger van Ultras Mestreech" (in Dutch). Laboratoire Insanité. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Goed NAC in slotfase onderuit" (in Dutch). B Side Rats. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "NEC levendige discussie tussen supporters bij de eerste training van Saïdi Ntibazonkiza" (in Dutch). De Gelderlander. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Sfeergroep Lighttown Madness organiseert PSV-feest" (in Dutch). PSV.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "De Slaapende Reus Ontwaakt!" (in Dutch). MI-Side.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Kleur het uitvak blauw wit!" (in Dutch). Nieuwnoord.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Waar het allemaal begon..." (in Dutch). Spangenaren.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Rijnfront Vitesse Arnhem" (in Dutch). Plaats.nl. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ "Een Volle KingSide Vol achter Willem II" (in Dutch). Tilbo.com. Retrieved 2013-04-06.
- ↑ Hjelvik, Eirik (13 June 2006). "Utestenger supportere etter vold" (in Norwegian). Alltidfotball. Retrieved 2008-08-14.
- ↑ Rød Hvit Elite (RHE), Red Beavers (RB) Johnsen, Nilas (4 May 2008). "Politiets informasjon angående casuals" (PDF) (in Norwegian). Politiet. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ↑ Johnsen, Nilas (6 May 2008). "Nytt fenomen i Hamar" (in Norwegian). VG. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
- ↑ Olsen, Thomas. "Vi ble tatt på senga" (in Norwegian). Nettavissen. Retrieved 2007-08-27.
- ↑ Lie, Kyrre (10 April 2008). "Kanarifansen vil rydde opp" (in Norwegian). Adressa. Retrieved 2008-08-11.
- ↑ Olsen, Bjørn Thomas (2006-04-30). "Gjengoppgjør midt i sentrum" (in Norwegian). Bergensavisen. Archived from the original on 2007-07-06. Retrieved 2007-09-16.
- ↑ Tom, Grønvik (2008-05-06). "Overvåker fotballpøblene" (in Norwegian). VG. Retrieved 2008-05-04.
- ↑ Johnsen, Nilas (2006-12-05). "Fotballpøblene truer klubben" (in Norwegian). Dagsavisen. Retrieved 2013-08-21.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Chuligani i szalikowcy. Trochę prawdy o kibicach" (in Polish). Gazeta Gydnia. 2006-05-08. Archived from the original on 2007-12-06. Retrieved 2007-10-05.
- ↑
- ↑ http://www.stadionowioprawcy.net/ekipy/Korona_Kielce/311/1
- ↑ Wozińska, Ewa. "Niech zwycięża Lech!" (in Polish). Gazeta Poznańska.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Saxena, Anurag (2011). "Figurational Approach to Soccer Hooliganism". The Sociology of Sport and Physical Education. Pinnacle Technology. ISBN 9781618204684.
- ↑ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKvXJsH-dDQ
- 1 2 3 "Episode 8: Russia". The Real Football Factories International. Episode 8.
- 1 2 3 Didcock, Barry (8 May 2005). "Casuals: The Lost Tribe of Britain". Sunday Herald. Retrieved 2006-10-13.
- ↑ They 're back: Billy Briggs The Herald 14 January 2006 http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/they-re-back-second-generation-of-football-hooligans-menace-terraces-sons-of-notorious-casuals-organise-clashes-in-europe-1.32012 "Aberdeen Soccer Casuals/ Under 5s - This group has followed Aberdeen for more than 20 years and has been involved in serious disorder all over Europe."
- ↑ Dowdalls, Alex (17 November 2006). "Airdrie fan banned from every UK football ground". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Redhead, Steve. "Terrace Terrors and glamourous hooligans: Post-Subcultural Criminology and the Memoirs of Football Hooligan Crews" (PDF). Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- ↑ Redhead, Andrew. "Terrace Terrors and glamourous hooligans:Post-Subcultural Criminology and the Memoirs of football hooligan Crews" (PDF). Retrieved 27 June 2011.
- 1 2 3 Brimson, Dougie (3 Mar 2003). Eurotrashed. Headline. p. 77. ISBN 978-0755311101.
- 1 2 3 "British lad cultures | Terrace Originals, Scotland". Archived from the original on July 3, 2015.
- 1 2 3 O'Kene, John (10 September 2006). "No beef with United in my 21 years in Celtic hooligan firm". Edinburgh: Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-04-26.
- ↑ Ferguson C (1987) pp 89 Bring Out Your Riot Gear – Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ↑ CURSE OF THE CASUALS DAY 7 Andrew Walker & Richard Elias Daily Record 22 April 2003 "Hooligans who follow Celtic often "graduated" in the school of soccer thuggery through the Celtic Soccer Babes."
- ↑ Brimson, Dougie (3 Mar 2003). Eurotrashed. Headline. p. 70. ISBN 978-0755311101.
- ↑ Robertson, Gary (October 1, 2007). Gangs of Dundee. Luath Press Ltd. pp. 53–55. ISBN 978-1906307028.
- ↑ Dundee FC and Dundee United do not have separate firms, Dundee Utility is the firm for both teams
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. pp. 221–222. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Lowles, Nick; Andy Nicholls (2005). Hooligans: A-L of Britain's Football Gangs. Wrea Green: Milo Books. p. 242. ISBN 1-903854-41-5.
- ↑ Billy Briggs (14 January 2006). "They're back: second generation of football hooligans menace terraces Sons of notorious casuals organise clashes in Europe". The Herald.
A number of other football clubs ... and Morton (Morton Youth) have had problems with hooligan firms.
- 1 2 McEwen, Alan (24 October 2006). "Police hunt city derby casuals". The Scotsman. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- ↑ Ferguson C (1987) pp 16 Bring Out Your Riot Gear – Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ↑ Ferguson C (1987) Bring Out Your Riot Gear – Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ↑ Ferguson C (1987) pp 41 Bring Out Your Riot Gear – Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ↑ pp 55 Ferguson C (1987) pp 16 Bring Out Your Riot Gear – Hearts are here! Gorgie Aggro 1981-1986. S T Publishing (August 16, 1999) Edinburgh: ISBN 978-0-9535920-0-5
- ↑ pp 47 Dykes, Derek (26 May 2008). These Colours Don't Run: Inside the Hibs Capital City Service. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-12-4.
- ↑ pp 43 Blance, Andy (24 September 2009). Hibs Boy. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-15-5.
- ↑ pp 101 Dykes, Derek (26 May 2008). These Colours Don't Run: Inside the Hibs Capital City Service. Fort Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1-905769-12-4.
- ↑ Brimson, Dougie (3 Mar 2003). Eurotrashed. Headline. p. 78. ISBN 978-0755311101.
- ↑ Pattullo, Alan (13 November 2005). "Gable Endies prove they're built to last after 125 years not out". Edinburgh: Scotsman. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
- 1 2 3 Hampden Babylon Stuart Cosgrove Canongate Books Ltd (15 Nov 2002) ISBN 978-1-84195-333-5.
- ↑ Chugg, Sandy (10 October 2011). Rangers and the Famous ICF: My Life With Scotland's Most-Feared Football Hooligan Gang. Fort Publishing Ltd. pp. 111, 285. ISBN 978-1905769285.
- ↑ Nincic, Feodor (October 15, 2010). "The context behind Serbia's football hooligan problem". BBC News.
- ↑ "Južni Front 1999". Archived from the original on August 1, 2015.
- ↑ "SD Partizan".
- ↑ "Delije-caffe.net".
- ↑ "DELIJE na Internetu". oaza.rs.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 http://futbal.rasizmus.sk/wp-content/uploads/hooligans-sk_web.pdf
- ↑ "Fanúšikovia na Slovensku" [Fans in Slovakia] (in Slovak). Via Facebook.
- ↑ "Rozhovor s Village Brigade (Tatran Prešov)" [Interview with Village Brigade (Tatran Presov)]. hooligans.cz (in Czech). 1 January 2013.
- ↑ "Nemaj trému z extrému – informáciami proti extrémizmu" (PDF) (in Slovak).
- ↑ "Rozhovor so streetfighterom za, chuligánom zo Žiliny" [Interview with a streetfighter, hooligans from Zilina] (in Slovak). 27 January 2008.
- 1 2 3 Sánchez, Javier (1 December 2014). "La geografía de la violencia" [The geography of violence]. El Mundo (in Spanish).
- ↑ "INDAR GORRI...SOCIOS...AFICION... OSASUNA NOS NECESITA". noticias de Navarra (in Spanish).
- ↑ "Los ultras del fútbol se hermanan para combatir a grupos rivales" [The extremists of football partner up to combat rival groups]. Público (in Spanish). 30 November 2014.
- ↑ Mikael Priks (1 June 2007). "Are thugs affected by external nuisance? Evidence from the Swedish hooligan scene" (PDF). Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- ↑ Walmsley, Andrew (8 August 2007). "Social nuances hold sway in search (30 seconds on hooliganism)". TMCnet News. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
- 1 2 3 Orrenius, Johan (3 September 2006). "Enorma slagsmål och droger". Expressen. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
- ↑ Karlsson, Emil (13 November 2006). "Kicken är obeskrivlig". Expressen. Retrieved 2006-11-13.
- 1 2 Askerup, Fredrik (22 October 2005). "Huliganlivet: Våld, droger och dyra märkeskläder". Göteborgs-Posten. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
- ↑ "Våldet närmar sig Kalmar FF". Sveriges Radio. 22 October 2005. Retrieved 2006-09-03.
- ↑ " "Suporterpolisen: "Det är så här de gör"". Retrieved 12 January 2011.
- ↑ "Ny "firma" bakom våld vid LHC-matcher". Östgöta Correspondenten. 10 January 2006. Retrieved 2012-08-03.
- ↑ " "Huliganledaren: "Inte vi som gjorde det"". Retrieved 20 Apr 2010.
- ↑ "Official site White Boys Club: video, photos, information". 2007-07-19. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Rodychi ultras about provocations near House of Culture". 2015-02-13. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Kyiv City Supporters - 7 yers". 2015-02-11. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Young Hope - history". 2013-04-19. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Za Boys Ultras vs FCDK (Dynamo Kyiv) Ultras derby". 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "FC Dnipro ultras fight with police". 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Banderstadt Ultras 5th birthday celebration". 2012-12-06. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Green White Ultras piro". 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "United Kharkiv Supporters group: creation". 2013-12-23. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Black-White Ultras and Ukrainian Revolution". 2014-07-23. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Crew of Golden Eagle (COGE) official site". 2007-02-28. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Conversation about Beshketnyky Ultras". 2012-01-17. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Volyn Ultras: who are these guys?". 2015-02-04. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Ultras Chornomorets: we will fight for our club!". 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "TFA Ultras from Western Ukraine". 2007-07-21. Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Ultras League Ukraine: Olexandriya". Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Official site". Retrieved 2015-05-04.
- ↑ "Cardiff and the hooligan element". BBC News. 2003-05-17. Retrieved 2007-05-05.
- ↑ King, Martin; Tooze, Andrew (2007-11-08). The Swansea Jacks: From Skinheads to Stone Island - Forty Years of One of Britain's Most Notorious Hooligan Gangs. Manchester: Headhunter Books. ISBN 1-906085-05-6.
External links
- Hooli-News Latest hooligan-related news and information from around the world.
- Three-part BBC2 investigation on football firms from 2002
- Running with the 'Naughty Forty', part of the BBC2 2002 investigation
- Ultras Jagiellonia Bialystok', Website of Jagiellonia Bialystok group
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