List of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa
The list of marine heterobranch gastropods of South Africa is a list of saltwater mollusc species that form a part of the molluscan fauna of South Africa. This list does not include the land or freshwater molluscs.
This is a sub-list of the list of marine gastropods of South Africa, which is in turn a sub-list of the list of marine molluscs of South Africa.
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements
Heterobranchia
- Variegated sundial shell Heliacus variegatus (Gmelin, 1791) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1]
Siphonariidae - False limpets
- Siphonaria annaea Tomlin, 1944 (Durban northwards)[1]
- Cape False limpet Siphonaria capensis Quoy and Gaimard (Namibia to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
- Siphonaria compressa Allanson, 1958[2]
- Siphonaria concinna Sowerby, 1824 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria nigerrima Smith, 1903 (Zululand to Mozambique)[1]
- Siphonaria oculus Krauss, 1848 (Cape Point to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria serrata Fischer, 1807 (Saldanha Bay to Zululand)[1]
- Siphonaria tenuicostulata Smith, 1903 (Durban to Mozambique)[1]
- Ringicula turtoni Bartsch, 1915[3]
- Acteon fortis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Acteon flammeus (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Acteon pudicus (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Rictaxis albis (Sowerby, 1873)[3]
- Japonacteon sp.[3]
- Pupa affinis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa niecaensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Pupa solidula (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Pupa sulcata (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Pupa suturalis (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Pupa tessellata (Reeve, 1842)[3]
- Polka-dot bubble shell Micromelo undata (Brughiere, 1792) (Transkei to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Striped bubble shell Hydatina physis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Eastern Cape to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Hydatina amplustre (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Hydatina velum (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Hydatina albocincta (van der Hoeven, 1811)[3]
- Cylichnella agulhasensis (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Cylichnella meridionalis (Smith, 1902)[3]
- Cylichnella miniscula (Turton, 1932)[3]
- Cylichnella natalensis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Cylichnella nitens (Smith, 1872)[3]
- Cylichnella smithi (Bartsch, 1915)[3]
- Cylichna africana Bartsch, 1915[3]
- Cylichna bistriata Tomlin, 1920[3]
- Cylichna dulcis Thiele. 1925[3]
- Cylichna nitens Smith, 1903[3]
- Cylichna remissa Smith, 1890[3]
- Cylichna tubulosa Gould, 1859[3]
- Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels. 1841)[3]
- Retusa agulhasensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa natalensis Barnard, 1963[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa sp. cf. semen Thiele, 1925[3]
- Retusa truncatula Bruguiere, 1792[3]
- Volvulella mutabilis (Barnard, 1963)[3]
- Volvulella pia (Thiele, 1925)[3]
- Volvulella rostrata (A. Adams, 1854)[3]
- Sand slug Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[1][3][4][5]
- Philine berghi Smith, 1910[3]
- Slipper slug Philinopsis capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Philinopsis dubia (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Philinopsis cyanea(Martens, 1879)[3]
- Chelidonura fulvipunctata Baba, 1938[3]
- Chelidonura hurundinina (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824)[3]
- Atys cylindrica (Heibling, 1779)[3]
- Green bubble shell Haminoea alfredensis Bartsch, 1915 (Namaqualand to Eastern Cape)[1][3]
- Haminoea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) (KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Roxania utriculus (Brocchi, 1814)[3]
- Smaragdinella sieboldi A. Adams, 1864[3]
- Smaragdinella calyculata (Broderip and Sowerby, 1829)[3]
- Phenerophthalmus smaragdinus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3]
- Metaruncina sp.[3]
- Bulla ampulla (Linnaeus 1758)[3]
- Limacina bulimoides (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina antarctica Woodward, 1854 - mentioned in traditional views as Limacina helicina (Phipps, 1774)[3] (cf.[6])
- Limacina inflata (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina lesueurii (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Limacina trochiformis (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Cavolinia gibbosa (Orbigny, 1836)[3]
- Cavolinia globosa (Gray, 1850)[3]
- Cavolinia inflexa (Lesueur, 1813)[3]
- Cavolinia tridentata (Niebuhr, 1775)[3]
- Clio andreae (Boas, 1886)[3]
- Clio chaptalii Gray, 1850[3]
- Clio cuspidata (Bosc, 1802)[3]
- Clio pyramidata Linnaeus, 1767[3]
- Creseis acicula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Creseis virgula (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Cuvierina columnella (Rang, 1827)[3]
- Diacria quadridentata (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Diacria trispinosa (Blainville, 1821)[3]
- Styliola subula (Quoy and Gaimard, 1827)[3]
- Cymbulia sibogae Tesch, 1903[3]
- Gleba cordata Niebuhr, 1776[3]
- Desmopterus papilio Chun 1889[3]
Gymnosomata
- Clione limacina (Phipps, 1774) (Pelagic northern and southern hemispheres)[3] (southern hemisphere may be a distinct species, Clione antarctica)[7]
Anaspidea
- Akera soluta (Gmelin 1791)[3]
- Dwarf sea hare Aplysia parvula Morch, 1863[1][3][4][5]
- Spotted sea hare Aplysia oculifera Adams and Reeve, 1850 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][5]
- Aplysia dactylomela Rang, 1828[1][3]
- Aplysia maculata Rang, 1828[3]
- Variable sea hare Aplysia juliana Quoy and Gaimard, 1832[3][5]
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi leachi (Blainville. 1817) (Cape Columbine to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Shaggy sea hare Bursatella leachi africana (Engel, 1927)[3][4][5]
- Wedge sea hare Dolabella auricularia (Solander, 1786) (Mossel Bay to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Dolabrifera dolabrifera (Rang, 1828)[3]
- Paraplysia lowii Gilchrist, 1900[3]
- Stylocheilus longicauda (Quoy and Gaimard 1824)[3]
Sacoglossa
- Lobiger souverbiei Fischer, 1856[3]
- Lophopleurella capensis (Thiele, 1912)[3]
- Oxynoe viridis (Pease, 1861)[3]
- Oxynoe sp.[3]
- Berthelinia schlumbergeri Dautzenberg, 1895[3]
- Julia zebra Kawaguti, 1981[3]
- Elysia halimedae Macnae, 1954[3]
- Elysia marginata (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia moebii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Elysia livida Baba, 1955[3]
- Elysia rufescens (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Elysia vatae Risbec, 1928[3]
- Elysia virgata (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia viridis (Montagu, 1804) (Namaqualand to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Plant-sucking nudibranch Elysia sp.[4][5] This may be the same species as listed above as E. viridis. There may be question of identification.
- Elysia spp. (7)[3]
- Dendritic nudibranch Placida dendritica (Alder & Hancock, 1843)[3][5]
- Stiliger ornatus Ehrenberg, 1831[3]
- Mourgona sp.[3]
- Polybranchia orientalis (Kelaart, 1858) - cited as Phyllobranchillus orientalis[3]
- Table Bay nudibranch Aplysiopsis sinusmensalis (Macnae, 1954)[3][5]
Notaspidea
- Tylodina alfredensis Turton, 1932[3]
- Umbrella pleurobranch[1] Umbraculum sinicum (Gmelin, 1783) (transkei to Mozambique)[3]
- Berthella plumula (Montagu, 1803)[3]
- Berthella tupala Marcus, 1957[3]
- Berthella sp.[3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina citrina (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Cape Point to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Lemon pleurobranch Berthellina granulata (Krauss, 1848) [4][5] (This may replace previous entry B. citrina)
- Euselenops luniceps (Cuvier, 1817)[3]
- Pleurobranchaea algoensis Thiele, 1925[3]
- Pleurobranchaea brockii Bergh, 1897[3]
- Pleurobranchaea melanopus Bergh, 1907[3]
- Pleurobranchaea pleurobrancheana (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Dwarf warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea tarda Verrill, 1880[3][4][5]
- Warty pleurobranch Pleurobranchaea bubala Marcus and Gosliner, 1984 (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Pleurobranchella nicobarica Thiele, 1925[3]
- Mosaic pleurobranch Pleurobranchus albiguttatus (Bergh, 1905) [4][5]
- Pleurobranchus disceptus O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Pleurobranchus inhacae Macnae, 1962[3]
- Pleurobranchus moebii Vayssiere, 1898[3]
- Pleurobranchus nigropunctatus (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Pleurobranchus papillosa (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus peroni Cuvier, 1804[3]
- Pleurobranchus perrieri Vayssiere, 1896[3]
- Pleurobranchus sculptata (O'Donoghue, 1929)[3]
- Pleurobranchus xhosa Macnae, 1962[3]
Nudibranchia - Nudibranchs
- Doridoxa benthalis Barnard, 1963[3]
- Aldisa benguelae Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Three-spot nudibranch Aldisa trimaculata Gosliner, 1985[3][4][5]
- ?Alloiodoris inhacae O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Archidoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Archidoris scripta Bergh, 1907[3]
- Rugby ball dorid or Spined dorid Atagema rugosa Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3][4][5]
- Atagema gibba Pruvot-Fol, 1951[3]
- Warty dorid Doris verrucosa Linnaeus, 1758 Orange river to Eastern Cape[1][3][4][5]
- Doris granosa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Doris spp. (2)[3]
- Doriopsis pecten (Collingwood, 1881)[3]
- ? Ocellate dorid Gargamella sp.1[3][5]
- ?Gargamella sp.2[3]
- Velvet dorid Jorunna tomentosa (Cuvier, 1804)[3][5]
- Dotted nudibranch Jorunna zania (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)Marcus 1976[1][3]
The following four species are listed as incertae sedis by Gosliner:[3]
- Doris natalensis Krauss, 1848
- Doris pseudida Bergh, 1907
- Doris perplexa Bergh, 1907
- Doris glabella Bergh, 1907
- Hallaxa sp.[3]
- Saddled nudibranch Cadlina sp.1[3][5]
- Brown-dotted nudibranch Cadlina sp.2[3][4][5]
- Cadlina sp.3[3]
- Cadlina sp.4[3]
- Cadlinella ornatissima (Risbec, 1928)[9]
- Ceratosoma cornigerum (Adams and Reeve, 1850)[3]
- Inkspot nudibranch or Lipstick nudibranch Ceratosoma ingozi Gosliner, 1996[3][4][5]
- Ceratosoma tenue Abraham, 1876[9]
- Chromodoris africana Eliot 1904[3][9]
- Chromodoris albolimbata Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris alderi Collingwood, 1881[3]
- Polka-dot chromodorid Chromodoris annulata Eliot 1904 (Transkei to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Chromodoris boucheti Rudman, 1982[9]
- Chromodoris conchyliata Yonow, 1984[9]
- Chromodoris euelpis Bergh, 1907[3]
- Chromodoris fidelis Kelaart, 1858[9]
- Chromodoris geminus Rudman, 1987[9]
- Chromodoris cf. geminus[9]
- Chromodoris geometrica Risbec, 1928[3][9]
- Chromodoris hamiltoni Rudman, 1977[3][9]
- Red-spotted nudibranch or Heather's nudibranch Chromodoris heatherae Gosliner, 1994[4][5]
- Chromodoris inopinata Bergh, 1905[3]
- Chromodoris marginata Pease, 1860[3]
- Chromodoris porcata Bergh, 1888[3]
- Chromodoris tinctoria (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[9]
- Gaudy chromodorid Chromodoris vicina Eliot, 1904 (Central to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Chromodoris spp. (7)[3]
- Durvilledoris lemniscata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1832)[3]
- Glossodoris atromarginata (Cuvier 1804)[3][9]
- Glossodoris cincta (Bergh, 1888)[9]
- Glossodoris pallida (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1830)[9]
- Glossodoris symmetricus Rudman, 1990[9]
- Glossodoris undaurum Rudman, 1985[9]
- Glossodoris spp. (4)[3]
- Hypselodoris bullockii (Collingwood, 1881)[9]
- Cape dorid Hypselodoris capensis (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Columbine to Transkei)[1][3][4][5]
- Hypselodoris carnea (Bergh, 1889)[3][9]
- Hypselodoris fucata Gosliner & Johnson, 1999[9]
- Mottled dorid Hypselodoris infucata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (Central KwaZulu-Natal to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Hypselodoris maculosa (Pease, 1871)[9]
- Hypselodoris maridadilus Rudman, 1977[3]
- Hypselodoris rudmani Gosliner and Johnson, 1999[9]
- Hypselodoris spp. (3) [3]
- Hypselodoris sp.[9]
- Noumea varians (Pease, 1871)[3]
- Noumea purpurea Baba, 1949[3]
- Protea nudibranch Noumea protea Gosliner, 1994 [3][5]
- Risbecia pulchella (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828)[3][9]
- Thorunna horologia Rudman, 1984[3][9]
- Discodoris coerulescens Bergh, 1888[3]
- Discodoris fragilis (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3]
- Small-spot dorid Discodoris sp.1[3][5]
- Discodoris sp.2[3]
- Blotchy dorid Geitodoris capensis Bergh, 1907[3][5]
- Anisodoris sp. (2)[3]
- Thordisa burnupi Eliot, 1910[3]
- Thordisa punctifera Bergh, 1907[3]
- Thordisa spp. (2)[3]
- ? Variable dorid Aphelodoris brunnea Bergh, 1907[5](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ? Chocolate-chip nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 1[4][5]
- ? Brown-spotted nudibranch Aphelodoris sp. 2[4][5]
- ? Spiky nudibranch Aphelodoris sp.3[4][5]
- ?Sclerodoris apiculata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3](needs confirmation in Discodorididae)
- ?Sclerodoris coriacea (Eliot, 1904)[3](see above)
- ?Sclerodoris sp.[3](see above)
- ?Artachaea sp,[3](see above)
- Halgerda carlsoni Rudman, 1928[9]
- Halgerda dichromis Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda tessellata Bergh, 1880[9]
- Halgerda toliara Fahey and Gosliner, 1999[9]
- Halgerda wasinensis Eliot, 1904[3]
- Halgerda formosa Bergh, 1880[3]
- Halgerda punctata Farran, 1902[3]
- Rostanga muscula (Abraham, 1877)[3]
- Red sponge nudibranch or Orange dorid Rostanga elandsia Garovoy, Valdes & Gosliner, 2001[3][4][5]
- Rostanga phepha Garovoy, Valdés & Gosliner, 2001
- Ceratophyllidia africana Eliot, 1903[3]
- Phyllidia ocellata Cuvier, 1804[9]
- Ridged nudibranch[1] Phyllidia varicosa Lamarck, 1801 (Central KwaZulu_Natal to Mozambique)[3][9](P. coelestis? (Bergh 1905))
- Phyllidiella zeylanica (Kelaart, 1859)[3][9]
- Phyllidia sp.[3]
- Blue-speckled nudibranch Dendrodoris caesia (Bergh, 1907)[3][4][5]
- Dendrodoris callosa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Tan dorid Dendrodoris capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Dendrodoris denisoni (Angas, 1864)[3][9]
- Dendrodoris nigra (Stimpson, 1855)[3]
- Dendrodoris rubra (Kelaart, 1858)[3]
- Dendrodoris spp. (3)[3]
- Scribbled nudibranch Doriopsilla miniata (Alder and Hancock, 1864)[3][4][5]
- White-spotted nudibranch Doriopsilla capensis Bergh, 1907[4]
- Doriopsilla spp. (2)[3]
- Mandela's nudibranch Mandelia mirocornata Valdes & Gosliner, 1999[3][4][5]
- Fluffy nudibranch Acanthodoris planca[3][4][5]
- Diaphodoris sp.[3]
- Crazed nudibranch Corambe sp.[3][4]
- Giraffe spot nudibranch Ancula sp.[3][4][5]
- Tugboat nudibranch Goniodoris mercurialis Macnae, 1958[3][5]
- Goniodoris castanea Alder and Hancock, 1845[3]
- Goniodoris ovata Barnard, 1934[3]
- Goniodoris sp.[3]
- Fiery nudibranch Okenia amoenula (Bergh, 1907)[3][4][5]
- Okenia sp.[3]
- White lined nudibranch Trapania sp.1[3][5]
- Trapania sp.(2)[3]
- Crimora sp.[3]
- Kalinga ornata Alder and Hancock, 1864[3]
- Tasseled nudibranch Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835)[3][4][5]
- Orange-clubbed nudibranch Limacia clavigera (Muller, 1776) (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Nembrotha livingstonei Allan, 1933[3]
- Nembrotha purpureolineata O'Donoghue, 1924[3]
- Plocamopherus apheles (Barnard, 1927)[10]
- Plocamopherus maculatus (Pease, 1860)[3]
- Plocamopherus sp.[3]
- Crowned nudibranch Polycera capensis Quoy and Gaimard, 1824 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Polycera hedgpethi Marcus, 1964[3]
- Four lined nudibranch Polycera quadrilineata (Muller, 1776)[3][4]
- Polycera sp.[3] (not same as Twin crowned or Orange lined crowned)
- Twin-crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.1[4][5]
- Orange lined crowned nudibranch Polycera sp.2[5]
- Roboastra gracilis (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Roboastra luteolineata (Baba, 1936)[3]
- Black nudibranch Tambja capensis (Bergh, 1907) (Cape Point to Tsitsikamma)[1][3][4][5]
- Tambja morosa (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Tambja sp.[3]
- Thecacera pacifica (Bergh, 1883)[3]
- Thecacera pennigera (Montagu, 1804)[3]
- Thecacera sp.[3]
- Knobbly nudibranch Aegires ninguis Fahey & Gosliner, 2004[3][4][5]
- Gymnodoris alba (Bergh, 1877)[3]
- Gymnodoris ceylonica (Kelaart, 1858)[3]
- Gymnodoris inornata (Bergh, 1880)[3]
- Gymnodoris okinawae Baba, 1936[3]
- Gymnodoris spp. (2)[3]
- Ghost nudibranch Lecithophorus capensis Macnae, 1958[3][4][5]
- Lecithophorus sp.[3]
- Spanish dancer Hexabranchus sanguineus (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1828) (KwaZulu-Natal south coast to Mozambique)[1][3]
- Okadaia elegans Baba 1931[3]
- Frilled nudibranch or Smits nudibranch Leminda millecra Griffiths, 1985[3][4][5]
- Crowned doto Doto africoronata Shipman & Gosliner, 2015[11]
- Feathered doto Doto pinnatifida (Montagu, 1804)[3][4][5]
- Doto rosea Trinchese, 1881[3]
- Embletonia gracilis Risbec, 1928[3]
- Gas flame nudibranch Bonisa nakaza Gosliner, 1981 (Cape Peninsula to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Cape silvertip nudibranch or Silvertip nudibranch Janolus capensis Bergh, 1907 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5][9]
- Medallion silvertip nudibranch Janolus longidentatus Gosliner, 1981[3][4][5]
- Nippled nudibranch Janolus sp. [4]
- Armina berghi Thiele, 1925[3]
- Armina capensis (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Armina euchroa (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Gilchrists sand slug Armina gilchristi (Bergh, 1907)[3][5]
- Armina grisea O'Donoghue, 1927[3]
- Armina microdonta (Bergh, 1907)[3]
- Armina natalensis (Bergh, 1866)[3]
- Armina serrata O'Donoghue, 1929[3]
- Armina simoniana Thiele, 1925[3]
- Striped sand slug or Pierre's armina Armina sp.[4][5]
- White-ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 1 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Dermatobranchus sp. 2[3]
- Dermatobranchus sp. 3[3]
- Brown ridged nudibranch or narrow ridged nudibranch Dermatobranchus sp. 4 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Whip fan nudibranch Tritonia nilsodhneri Marcus, 1983[3][4][5]
- Tritonia aurantiacum Barnard, 1927[3]
- Tritonia pallida Stimpson, 1854[3]
- Tritonia indecora Bergh, 1907[3]
- Soft coral nudibranch Tritonia sp. 1 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Brush nudibranch Tritonia sp. 2 (Gosliner)[3][4][5]
- Tritoniadoxa capensis Bergh, 1907[3]
- ?Marionia spp. (2)[3] (is Marionia valid and in Tritoniidae?)
- Marionia cyanobranchiata (Ruppell and Leuckart, 1831)[3] (species inquirenda)
- Marianina rosea Pruvot-Fol, 1930[3]
- Bornella adamsii Gray, 1850[3]
- Bornella anguilla Johnson, 1983[3][9]
- Iridescent nudibranch Notobryon wardi Ohdner, 1936 (Namaqualand to Tsitsikamma)[1][3][4][5]
- Scyllaea pelagica Linnaeus, 1758[3]
- Dinosaur nudibranch Melibe liltvedi Gosliner, 1987[3]
- Cowled nudibranch Melibe rosea Rang, 1829 (Orange river to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Melibe pilosa Pease, 1860[3]
- Melibe sp.[3]
- Purple lady Flabellina funeka Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981[3][4][5]
- White-edged nudibranch or Chalk stripe nudibranch Flabellina capensis (Thiele, 1025)[3][4][5]
- Flabellina spp. (3)[3]
- Coryphellina sp.[3]
- Fiona pinnata (Eschscholtz, 1831)[3]
- Eubranchus sp.1[3]
- Eubranchus sp.2[3]
- Eubranchus sp.3[3]
- Fireworks nudibranch Eubranchus sp.4[5]
- Candelabra nudibranch Eubranchus sp.5 (Zsilavecz)[4][5]
- Candy nudibranch Cuthona speciosa (Macnae, 1954)[3][4][5]
- Cuthona ornata Baba, 1937[3]
- Cuthona kanga (Edmunds, 1970)[3]
- Cuthona anulata (Baba, 1949)[3]
- Cuthona spp. (5)[3]
- Yellow candy nudibranch Cuthona sp.6[5]
- Cuthona sp.[9]
- Tergipes tergipes Forskal, 1779[3]
- Catriona casha Gosliner and Griffiths, 1981[3]
- Catriona columbiana O'Donoghue, 1922[3]
- Catriona sp.[3]
- Phestilla melanobrachia Bergh, 1874[3]
- Indian nudibranch Aeolidiella indica Bergh, 1888 (Cape Columbine to central KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][4][5]
- Aeolidiella alba Risbec, 1928[3]
- Berghia chaka Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Baeolidia palythoae Gosliner, 1985[3]
- Night sky nudibranch Amanda armata Macnae, 1954[3][4][5]
- Caloria indica (Bergh, 1896)[3]
- Black-dot nudibranch Caloria sp. 1[3][4][5]
- Yellow-tipped nudibranch Caloria sp. 2[3][4][5]
- Caloria sp. 3[3]
- Orange eyed nudibranch or White tipped nudibranch Cratena capensis Barnard, 1927 (Cape Columbine to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970[3]
- Elegant nudibranch Cratena sp.1[3][5]
- Cratena spp. (+3)[3]
- Echinopsole fulvus Macnae, 1954[3]
- Olive nudibranch Facelina olivacea Macnae, 1954[3][5]
- Facellina annulata Macnae, 1954[3]
- Facellina sp.[3]
- Favorinus japonicus Baba, 1949[3]
- Favorinus ghanensis Edmunds, 1968[3]
- Moridilla brockii (Bergh, 1888)[3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium serratum (Baba, 1949) (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3]
- Coral nudibranch Phyllodesmium horridum (Macnae, 1954) [4][5] (this may replace previous entry P. serratum)
- Phyllodesmium hyalinum Ehrenberg, 1831[3]
- Phyllodesmium sp. [9]
- Pruvotfolia pselliotes (Labbe, 1923)[3]
- Pteraeolidia ianthina (Angas, 1864)[9]
- Four-colour nudibranch Godiva quadricolor (Barnard, 1927) (Cape Point to Eastern Cape)[1][3][4][5]
- Sea swallow Glaucus atlanticus Forster, 1777 (Cape Point to northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1][3][4][5]
Family ?
- Wing footed opisthobranchs Cavolinia spp.[1]
Pulmonata
- Airbreathing sea slug Onchidella capensis (Orange river to Cape Point)[1]
- Peronia peronii (Cuvier, 1804) (Northern KwaZulu-Natal)[1]
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
- ↑ Kilburn R. N. (1996). Siphonaria compressa. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 Gosliner, Terrence. Nudibranchs of southern Africa: A guide to Opisthobranch molluscs of southern Africa Sea Challengers, Monterey, 1987. ISBN 0-930118-13-8
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 Zsilavecz, Guido. Nudibranchs of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay. SURG, Cape Town, 2007. ISBN 0-620-38054-3
- ↑ Hunt B., Strugnell J., Bednarsek N., Linse K., Nelson R. J., Pakhomov E., Seibel B., Steinke D. & Würzberg L. (2010). "Poles Apart: The "Bipolar" Pteropod Species Limacina helicina Is Genetically Distinct Between the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans". PLoS ONE 5(3): e9835. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009835.
- ↑ Lalli, C.M. & Gilmer, R.W. (1989) Pelagic Snails. The biology of holoplanktonic gastropod molluscs. Stanford University Press: Stanford, California.
- ↑ http://www.itis.gov accessed 5 January 2010
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 King, Dennis. Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs: East and south coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 2002
- ↑ Barnard, K.H. 1927. South African nudibranch Mollusca, with descriptions of new species, and a note on some specimens from Tristan d’Acunha. Annals of the South African Museum 25:171–215, pls. 119–120.
- ↑ Shipman, C. & Gosliner, T. (2015). Molecular and morphological systematics of Doto Oken, 1851 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia), with descriptions of five new species and a new genus. Zootaxa 3973 (1) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.2
Further reading
- Bergh, R. (1907) "The Opisthobranchiata of South Africa". Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 17(1): 1-144.
External links
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