List of medical triads and pentads

A medical triad is a group of three signs or symptoms for diagnosis of various conditions. A medical pentad is a group of five.

Triads

Name	Triad	Disease
Alkaptonuria Triad	Ochronotic arthritis, Ochronotic pigmentation, Urine darkens on standing	Alkaptonuria
Anderson Triad	Bronchiectasis, Cystic fibrosis
Beck's triad	Muffled heart sound, Distended neck veins, Hypotension	Cardiac tamponade
Charcot's cholangitis triad	Right RUQ Pain, Fever, Jaundice	Ascending cholangitis
Charcot's neurologic triad	scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus	Multiple sclerosis
Triad of congenital toxoplasmosis	chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications	Congenital toxoplasmosis
Triad of congenital rubella	cataracts, patent ductus arteriosus, sensorineural hearling loss	Congenital rubella
Congestive Heart Failure Triad	Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Tender hepatomegaly	Congestive Heart Failure
Cushing's triad of Increased Intracranial Pressure	Bradycardia, Bradypnea, Hypertension	head injuries
Dieulafoy's triad	hyperesthesia of the skin, exquisite tenderness and guarding over McBurney's point	Acute appendicitis
Fanconi syndrome triad	Aminoaciduria, Proteinuria, Phosphaturia	Fanconi syndrome
Female athlete triad	eating disorders, amenorrhoea, decreased bone mineral density
Gradenigos Triad	Sixth cranial n. Palsy, Persistent ear discharge, Deep seated retro orbital pain	Gradenigo's syndrome
Triad of opiod overdose	Respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, CNS deprssion
Triad of granulomatosis with polyangiitis	Focal necrotizing vasculitis, necrotizing granulomas in the lung and upper airway, necrotizing glomerulonephritis	Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Hakim Triad[1] (Adams Triad)	Urinary incontinence, Gait disturbance, Dementia	Normal pressure hydrocephalus
Hemobilia - Triad (Triad of Sandblom)	Malena, Obstructive jaundice, Biliary colic
Triad of Meigs' Syndrome	ascites, pleural effusion, benign ovarian tumor	Meigs' syndrome
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Triad	Anaemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal failure
Hutchinson's triad	Hutchison's teeth, Interstitial keratitis, Nerve deafness	Congenital syphilis
Kartagener Syndrome Triad	Triad of bronchiectasis, Recurrent sinusitis, and, Situs inversus,	Kartagener syndrome
Leriche's syndrome Triad	Triad of bilateral hip, thigh, and buttock claudication, impotence, and symmetric atrophy of the bilateral lower extremities due to chronic ischemia	Leriche's syndrome
Meckler's triad	vomiting, pain and subcutaneous emphysema	Boerhaave syndrome
O’ Donoghue Triad (Also known as Unhappy Triad)	Twisting force in a weight bearing knee joint causes injury to Medial collateral ligament, Anterior cruciate ligament, Medial meniscus
Triad of Reactive arthritis	Urethritis, conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, arthritis	Reactive arthritis
Saint's Triad	Gall stones, Diverticulosis, Hiatus hernia
Samter's triad (also known as Acetylsalicylic acid triad or Widal's triad or Francis' triad or Aspirin triad)	Aspirin sensitivity, Nasal polyps, Asthma	Aspirin-induced asthma
Tetany in Children - Triad	Stridor, Carpopedal spasm, Convulsions	Tetany
Triad of Albinism	Black locks, Occulo-cutaneous Albinism, Deafness of sensorineural type	Albinism
Triad of Alport Syndrome	Sensorineural deafness, Progressive renal failure, Ocular anomalies	Alport syndrome
Triad of Behcet's Syndrome	Recurrent oral ulcers, Genital ulcers, Iridocyclitis	Behcet's Syndrome
Triad of Causes of Biotin Deficiency	Glossitis, Alopecia, Dermatitis
Triad of Henoch-Schönlein purpura	Palpable purpura on buttock/legs, arthralgias, abdominal pain	Henoch-Schönlein purpura
Triad of Hypernephroma	Pain, hematuria, renal mass	Hypernephroma
Triad of Kwashiorkor	Growth retardation, Mental changes, Edema	Kwashiorkor
Triad of Plummer-Vinson syndrome	Iron defiency anemia, dysphagia, esophageal webs	Plummer-Vinson syndrome
Triple Test (for diagnosis of downs syndrome)	Estimation of hcg, Estriol, and AFP
Trotter's Triad	Conductive deafness, Immobility of homolateral soft palate, Trigeminal neuralgia
Unhappy Triad	ACL, MCL, Medial Meniscus injury	Knee Injury
Virchow's triad	Stasis, Hypercoagulability, Vessel injury	Venous thrombosis
Triad of Wernicke encephalopathy	Confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia	Wernicke encephalopathy
Whipple's Triad	Hypoglycaemia during attacks, resolution of symptoms upon correction of blood glucose, symptoms brought about by low glucose states.	Insulinoma
Classic Triad	Chest pain, Heart failure, Syncope	Aortic Stenosis

Pentads

Name	Pentad	Disease
Pentad of TTP	Microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, Fever, Disturbed neurological function, Renal failure, Thrombocytopenia	Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Pentalogy of Cantrell	Omphalocele, Anterior diaphragmatic hernia, Sternal cleft, Ectopia cordis, Intracardiac defect.	Thoraco-abdominal syndrome
Pentalogy of Fallot	Fallot's tetralogy with, in addition, a patent foramen ovale or, Atrial septal defect.
Reynolds Pentad	Abdominal pain, Fever, Jaundice, Shock and Depression of central nervous system function	acute suppurative cholangitis

References

1. Wallenstein, Matthew B.; McKhann, Guy M. (July 2010). "Salomón Hakim and the discovery of normal-pressure hydrocephalus". Neurosurgery 67 (1): 155–159; discussion 159. doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000370058.12120.0e. ISSN 1524-4040. PMID 20568668.

See also

• List of eponymously named medical signs