List of nearest terrestrial exoplanet candidates

This list of nearest terrestrial exoplanets candidates contains possible terrestrial ("rocky") exoplanets at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System, ordered by increasing distance.[1][2][3]

They may be composed primarily of silicate rocks and/or metals. Within the Solar System, the terrestrial planets are the inner planets closest to the Sun.

Incompleteness of the list

This list is incomplete, currently containing 31 exoplanets, 11 of which probably lie inside their star's habitable zone.

There are roughly 2000 stars at a distance of up to 50 light-years from the Solar System[4] (64 of them are yellow-orange "G" stars like our Sun[5]). As many as 15% of them can have Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones.[6]

On November 4, 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of sun-like stars and red dwarf stars within the Milky Way Galaxy.[7][8] 11 billion of these estimated planets may be orbiting sun-like stars.[9] The nearest such planet may be 12 light-years away, according to the scientists.[7][8]

Table

Name Image
(art. concept) 		M⊕ R⊕ g Ts a e [s] D
Wolf 1061b ≥1.36≥1.44 13.8
Wolf 1061c ≥4.3≥1.64 [10] 13.8
Wolf 1061d ≥5.21≥2.04 13.8
Gliese 876 d[11]
6.8 157
–
377 °C[12] 		0.0210.21[13]15
Gliese 682 b ≥2 [6]
[14]
[10] 		16
Gliese 832 c ≥5.4 295 0.162 0.03 [15][16]16.16
82 G. Eridani b ≥2.7 0.1207 0[2]19.71
82 G. Eridani c ≥2.4 0.2036 0 [2]19.71
82 G. Eridani d ≥4.8 388 K[1] 0.3499 0[2]19.71
Gliese 581 e
≥1.7 0.0290[17]20
Gliese 581 c [18]
≥5.6 0.0720[19]20
Gliese 581 d [20]
≥5.6 2.34[21] 1.27[21] 233 K[21] 0.2180[22]20
HD 219134 b
4.5 1.6 700 K [23] 21
Gliese 667C b
6.30 1.44 445 K 0.05 0.09 [21] 22
Gliese 667C c[24][25]
3.8 1.32 302 K 0.13 0.34 [21] 22
61 Virginis b[26]
≥5.1 0.0500.12[27]28
HD 85512 b[28]
≥3.6 1.74[21] 1.33[21] 351 K[21] 0.260.11[29]36
GJ 180 b ≥2.3 312 K [6][15] 38
Janssen
8.6 0.0160.17[30]40
HD 40307 b[31]≥4.2 0.0470.2[32]42
HD 40307 c[31]≥6.8 0.0810.06[32]42
HD 40307 d [33]
≥9.2 0.1340.07[34]42
HD 40307 e ≥3.5 0.1886 0.15 [3]42
HD 40307 f ≥5.2 385°K 0.247 0.02 [3]42
HD 40307 g ≥7.1 284 K[35] 0.600 0.29[3]42

Note: There is no scientific consensus about terrestrial composition of most of the planets in the list. Sources in the "Main source" column confirm the possibility of terrestrial composition.

In September 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting Gliese 163[36] was announced.[37][38] One of the planets, Gliese 163 c, about 6.9 times the mass of Earth and somewhat hotter, was considered to be within the habitable zone, but is probably not terrestrial.[37][38] In May 2016, the finding of three earth-like planets of ultracool dwarf TRAPPIST-1 has been released.

Statistics

Distance from the Solar System
Distance Lying within
the habitable zone 		All
< 10 light-years 0 2
< 20 light-years 6 15
< 30 light-years 8 22
< 40 light-years 10 24
< 50 light-years 11 31

Note: in most cases the composition of the atmosphere and atmosphere pressure of exoplanets are unknown, so surface temperatures are estimates based on computer models and expert opinions.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Pepe, F.; et al. (2011), "The HARPS search for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone: I – Very low-mass planets around HD20794, HD85512 and HD192310", Astronomy & Astrophysics 534: A58, arXiv:1108.3447, Bibcode:2011yCat..35349058P, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117055
  2. 1 2 3 4 Schneider, Jean, "Star: HD 20794", Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia (Paris Observatory), retrieved 2011-12-05
  3. 1 2 3 4 Tuomi, Anglada-Escude, Gerlach, Jones, Reiners, Rivera, Vogt, Butler, Mikko, Guillem, Enrico, Hugh R. R., Ansgar, Eugenio J., Steven S., R. Paul; Anglada-Escude, Guillem; Gerlach, Enrico; Jones, Hugh R. R.; Reiners, Ansgar; Rivera, Eugenio J.; Vogt, Steven S.; Paul Butler, R. (2012). "Habitable-zone super-Earth candidate in a six-planet system around the K2.5V star HD 40307". arXiv:1211.1617v1 [astro-ph].
  4. ↑ "Stars within 50 light years". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  5. ↑ "G stars within 100 light-years". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 "[1403.0430] Bayesian search for low-mass planets around nearby M dwarfs. Estimates for occurrence rate based on global detectability statistics". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  7. 1 2 Overbye, Dennis (November 4, 2013). "Far-Off Planets Like the Earth Dot the Galaxy". New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  8. 1 2 Petigura, Eric A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W. (October 31, 2013). "Prevalence of Earth-size planets orbiting Sun-like stars". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110 (48): 19273. arXiv:1311.6806. Bibcode:2013PNAS..11019273P. doi:10.1073/pnas.1319909110. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  9. ↑ Khan, Amina (November 4, 2013). "Milky Way may host billions of Earth-size planets". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 5, 2013.
  10. 1 2 http://phl.upr.edu/projects/habitable-exoplanets-catalog/data
  11. ↑ Fogg, M. J.; Nelson, R. P. (2005). "Oligarchic and giant impact growth of terrestrial planets in the presence of gas giant planet migration". Astronomy and Astrophysics 441 (2): 791–806. arXiv:astro-ph/0507180. Bibcode:2005A&A...441..791F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053453.
  12. ↑ Rivera, E. et al. (2005). "A ~7.5 M⊕ Planet Orbiting the Nearby Star, GJ 876". The Astrophysical Journal 634 (1): 625–640
  13. ↑ Eugenio J. Rivera, Gregory Laughlin, R. Paul Butler, Steven S. Vogt, Nader Haghighipour, Stefano Meschiari (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A Uranus-mass Fourth Planet for GJ 876 in an Extrasolar Laplace Configuration\".
  14. ↑ http://www.hpcf.upr.edu/~abel/phl/tuomi/hec_orbit_GJ_682_b.png
  15. 1 2 "HEC: Data of Potentially Habitable Worlds - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  16. ↑ "A Nearby Super-Earth with the Right Temperature but Extreme Seasons - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  17. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581
  18. ↑ Valencia; Sasselov, Dimitar D.; O'Connell, Richard J. (2006). "Radius and Structure Models of the First Super-Earth Planet". The Astrophysical Journal 656 (1): 545–551. arXiv:astro-ph/0610122. Bibcode:2007ApJ...656..545V. doi:10.1086/509800.
  19. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M_Earth Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581\".
  20. ↑ von Bloh, W.; Bounama, C.; Cuntz, M.; Franck, S. (2007). "The Habitability of Super-Earths in Gliese 581". Astronomy & Astrophysics 476 (3): 1365–1371. arXiv:0705.3758. Bibcode:2007A&A...476.1365V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077939.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The Habitable Exoplanets Catalog. The values are just the best estimates and are subject to change.
  22. ↑ Vogt, S. S.; et al. (2010). \"The Lick-Carnegie Exoplanet Survey: A 3.1 M⊕ Planet in the Habitable Zone of the Nearby M3V Star Gliese 581
  23. ↑ http://phys.org/news/2015-07-astronomers-star-super-earths.html
  24. ↑ Bonfils; Delfosse; Udry; Forveille; Mayor; Perrier; Bouchy; Gillon; Lovis (2011). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XXXI. The M-dwarf sample". arXiv:1111.5019 [astro-ph.EP].
  25. ↑ "A Potential Habitable Exoplanet in a Nearby Triple Star System - Planetary Habitability Laboratory @ UPR Arecibo". Retrieved 3 October 2015.
  26. ↑ Vogt, Steven; Wittenmyer; Paul Butler; Simon O'Toole; Henry; Rivera; Stefano Meschiari; Gregory Laughlin; Tinney (2009). "A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis". arXiv:0912.2599v1 [astro-ph.EP].
  27. ↑ Vogt, Steven (2009). \"A Super-Earth and two Neptunes Orbiting the Nearby Sun-like star 61 Virginis
  28. ↑ Kaltenegger, L; Udry, S; Pepe, F (2011). "A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?" 1108: 3561. arXiv:1108.3561. Bibcode:2011arXiv1108.3561K.
  29. ↑ Kaltenegger, L.; Udry, S.; Pepe, F. (2011). A Habitable Planet around HD 85512?
  30. ↑ Rebekah et al.; Fabrycky (2010-05-21). \"Radial velocity planets de-aliased. A new, short period for Super-Earth 55 Cnc e\". The Astrophysical Journal 722: 937–953
  31. 1 2 M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan (2009). "The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (2): 639–644. arXiv:0806.4587. Bibcode:2009A&A...493..639M. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:200810451.
  32. 1 2 M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan (2009). \"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)\". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (2): 639–644
  33. ↑ Barnes, R., Jackson, B., Raymond, S., West, A., Greenberg, R. (2009). "The HD 40307 Planetary System: Super-Earths or Mini-Neptunes?". The Astrophysical Journal 695 (2): 1006. arXiv:0901.1698. Bibcode:2009ApJ...695.1006B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/695/2/1006.
  34. ↑ M. Mayor, S. Udry, C. Lovis, F. Pepe, D. Queloz, W. Benz, J.-L. Bertaux, F. Bouchy, C. Mordasini, D. Segransan (2009). \"The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. XIII. A planetary system with 3 Super-Earths (4.2, 6.9, & 9.2 Earth masses)\". Astronomy and Astrophysics 493 (2): 639–644.
  35. ↑ "HEC: Data of Potential Habitable Worlds". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). November 12, 2012.
  36. ↑ Staff (September 20, 2012). "LHS 188 -- High proper-motion Star". Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg(Strasbourg astronomical Data Center). Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  37. 1 2 Méndez, Abel (August 29, 2012). "A Hot Potential Habitable Exoplanet around Gliese 163". University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo (Planetary Habitability Laboratory). Retrieved September 20, 2012.
  38. 1 2 Redd, Nola Taylor (September 20, 2012). "Newfound Alien Planet a Top Contender to Host Life". Space.com. Retrieved September 20, 2012.

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