List of plants in the Bible
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
These plants are mentioned in The Bible. Some gardens are planted with them to make a garden with a Biblical theme - a Biblical garden.
| Plant | Reference |
|---|---|
| Most likely Rubus sanctus blackberry bush Abraham's Bush (Vitex agnus-castus L.; Lamiaceae) | Exodus 3:2 |
| Acacia, Spirale (Acacia raddiana Savi) | Exodus 25:10 |
| Acacia, tortilis Acacia, Negev (Acacia gerrardii Bentham subsp. negevensis) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Algum Tree traditionally red sandalwood (Pterocarpus santalinus) white sandalwood - Santalum album scandal wood, a few claim it is juniper (Juniperus excelsa [Heb., ’al·gum·mim? (2 Chronicles 2:8; 9:10, 11); ’al·mug·gim? 1 Kings 10:11, 12)] | |
| Almond (Amygdalus communis) [Heb., luz (Ge 30:37); sha·qedh? "keeping awake" | Genesis 43:11. |
| Almug Tree (Pterocarpus santalinus) | 1 Kings 10:11 |
| Aloe (Aquilaria malaccensis) | Proverbs 7:17 |
| Maybe but doubtfully, Aloe, Aloe succotrina. | Proverbs 7:17 |
| Anemone (Anemone coronaria L.; Ranunculaceae) | Matthew 6:28 |
| Anise (Dill) (Anethum graveolens) | Exodus 30:34 |
| Apple (Malus domestica.) [Heb., tap·pu?ach]. Arabic is tuffah. To change a p to Letter f in Hebrew there's a dot changed The word itself indicates that which is distinguished by its fragrance, or scent. It comes from the root na·phach?, meaning "blow; pant; struggle for breath." (Gen 2:7; Job 31:39; Jer 15:9) Regarding this, M. C. Fisher wrote: "Relationship [to na·phach?] seems at first semantically strained, but the ideas of ‘breathe’ and ‘exhale an odor’ are related. The by-form puah means both ‘blow’ (of wind) and ‘exhale a pleasant odor, be fragrant.’"-Proverbs 25:11. | |
| Barley (Hordeum spp.) | Numbers 5:15 |
| Bdellium (Commiphora africana) - [Heb., bedho?lach]. | Numbers 11:7 |
| Beans (Vicia faba) | Ezekiel 4:9 |
| Box tree (Boxus sempervirens) | Isaiah 41:19 |
| Boxthorn (Lycium europaeum) | Proverbs 22:5 |
| Bramble (Rubus ulmifolius) | Judges 9:15 |
| Cane (Arundo donax) | Isaiah 43:24 Jeremiah 6:20 |
| Broom, Spiny (Calycotome villosa (Poiret) | Psalm 120:4 |
| Broom, White (Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb) | 1 Kings 19:4, Psalm 120:4 |
| Broom, Yellow (Spartium junceum) | Psalm 120:4 |
| Bulrush (Typha spp.) or Papyrus (Cyperus papyrus) | Exodus 2:3; Job 40:21 ABP, NETS |
| Burning Bush (Loranthus acaciae) | Exodus 3:1, 2 |
| Caper, Desire (Capparis spinosa L.) | 1 Kings 4:33 |
| Camphire (Lawsonia inermis) | |
| Carob or Locust (Ceratonia siliqua) | Luke 15:16; Matthew 3:1 |
| "Cassia" (Cinnamomum iners) | Exodus 30, Psalm 45:8, Job 42:14 |
| Castor Oil Tree (Jonah's Gourd) - (Ricinus communis L.) | Jonah 4 |
| Cedar of Lebanon (Cedrus libani Loud.) | 1 Kings 5:10, 2 Kings 19:23 |
| Chamomile (several species) | Isaiah 40:6 |
| Chaste Tree (Vitex agnus-castus) | Job 40:21 ABP, NETS |
| Chestnut (Plane Tree) (Platanus orientalis L.) | Luke 17:6 |
| Chicory (Cichorium spp.) | Numbers 9:9 |
| Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) | Proverbs 7:17 |
| Citron (Etrog) (Citrus medica L.) | |
| Cockle (Agrostemma gitago) | Isaiah 28:23 |
| Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) | Exodus 16:31 |
| Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) | Esther 1:6 |
| Crocus (Crocus sativus) | Song of Solomon 4:13 |
| Crown Daisy (Chrysanthemum sp.) | Isaiah 40:6 |
| Crown of Thorns (Paliurus spina-christi) | Mark 15:15 |
| Cucumber (Cucumis melo) | Numbers 11:5 |
| Cumin (Cumimum cyminum) | Isaiah 28:27 |
| Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) | Isaiah 44:14 |
| Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) | Song of Solomon 5:11; 7:7, 8, John 12:13 |
| Dill (Anethum graveolens) | Exodus 30:34 |
| Dove's Dung (Ornithogalum narbonense) | 2 Kings 6:25 |
| Fig (Ficus carica L.) | Joel 1:7 |
| Fitches (Black Cumin) (Nigella sativa) | Isaiah 28:23 |
| Flax (Linum usitatissimum) | Proverbs 31:13 |
| Flowers | 1 Kings 7:26 |
| Frankincense (Boswellia thurifera) | Matthew 2:10, 11 |
| Galbanum - Fennel (Ferula galbaniflua) | Gospel of Matthew 23:23 |
| Gall (Papaver somniferum) | Book of Lamentations 3:19 |
| Garlic (Allium sativum) | Numbers 11:5 |
| Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) | Genesis 9:20 |
| Hemlock (Conium maculatum) | Amos 6:12 |
| Henna (Lawsonia inermis L.) | Song of Solomon 1:14 |
| Hyssop | Leviticus 14:52 |
| Incense (Boswellia sacra) | Hosea 4:13 |
| Judas Tree (Cercis siliquastrum) | Matthew 27:3 |
| Jujube (Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf) | Matthew 27:3 |
| Leek (Allium porrum) | Numbers 11:5 |
| Lentils (Lens esculenta) | 2 Samuel 17:28 |
| Lily (Iris palaestina) | 1 Kings 7:22 |
| Lily Sand (Pancratium maritimum L.) | 1 Kings 7:19 |
| Linen (Linum usitatissimum) | Exodus 35:25 |
| Mallow (Atriplex halimus L.) | Job 30:4 |
| Mandrake (Mandragora autumnalis) Bertol) | Genesis 30:15 |
| Manna (Alhagi camelorum) | Numbers 11:7 |
| Marjorum (Origanum majorana) | Leviticus 14:4 |
| Mint | Matthew 23:23 |
| Mulberry, Black (Morus nigra L.) | 2 Samuel 5:23-24 |
| Mustard (Brassica nigra) | Matthew 13:31 |
| Myrrh (Possible) - (Commiphora abyssinica Engl.) | Song of Solomon 4:6 |
| Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) | Isaiah 55:13 |
| Nettles (Acanthus spinosus) | Song of Solomon 4:14 |
| Nigella (Nigella sp.) | Isaiah 28:26 |
| Nuts/Pistachio - (Pistacia vera L.) | Song of Solomon 6:11 |
| Nuts/Walnut (Juglans regia L.) | Song of Solomon 6:11 |
| Oak (Quercus calliprinos Webb) | Joshua 24:26 |
| Oak (Quercus ithaburensis Decaisne) | Joshua 24:26 |
| Oak (Valonia Oak) (Quercus aegilops) | Genesis 35:8 |
| Olive (Olea europaea) | Judges 9:9 |
| Onion (Allium cepa) | Numbers 11:5 |
| Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) | Song of Solomon 7:8 |
| Aleppo Pine (Pinus halepensis) | Isaiah 44:14 |
| Pine | |
| Pine Tree (Abies cilicica) | 1 Kings, etc. |
| Plane Tree (Platanus orientalis L.) | Ezekiel 31:8 |
| Pomegranate - (Punica granatum) | Song of Solomon 7:12 [Heb., rim·mohn?]. |
| Poplar White | Psalm 137:2 |
| Reed (See also Cane.) | Ezekiel 40:vv.; Job 40:21 |
| "Rie" (Rye) | Isaiah 28:25 |
| Rockrose Pink | Genesis 43: |
| Rockrose White | Genesis 43:11 |
| Rose Wild (Dog Rose) | Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| Rue (Ruta graveolens) | Luke 11:42 |
| Rush | Isaiah 9:14 |
| Saffron | Song of Solomon 4:14 |
| Sage - (Salvia sp.) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Land of Israel - (Salvia palaestina Bentham) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Pungent - (Salvia dominica L.) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Three-Leafed (Salvia fruticosa Miller) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Jerusalem (Salvia hierosolymitana Boiss) | Exodus 37:17 |
| Sage Judean (Salvia judaica Boiss) | May referred her in Exodus 37:17 |
| Scarlet (Oak) | Leviticus 14:48 |
| Sedge (Cyperaceae) | Job 40:21 NETS |
| Spices (Astrangalus tragacantha) | 2 Chronicles 9:1 |
| Spikenard | Song of Solomon 4:14(Nardostachys jatamansi)[Heb., nerd; Gr., nar?dos]. |
| Stacte or Storax (Styrax officinalis or Liquidambar orientalis) | Exodus 30:34 |
| Star of Bethlehem (Ornithogalum narbonense) | 2 Kings 6:25 |
| Sweet Cane (Saccharum officinarum) | Jeremiah 6:20 |
| Sweet Flag or Aromatic Cane (Acorus sp.) | Isaiah 43:23 |
| Sycamine (Mulberry) (Morus sp.) | Luke 17:5 |
| Tamarisk - [Hebrew, ’e?shel]. | Genesis 21:33(Tamarix aphylla) |
| Tares thought to mean darnel (Lolium temulentum),[1][2] | Matthew 13:24 |
| Terebinth (Pistacia palaestina Boiss) | 2 Samuel 18:9 |
| Thistle Golden | 2 Chronicles 25:18 |
| Thistles | Job 31:40 |
| Thorns | Jeremiah 4:3 |
| Thyine wood - (Tetraclinis articulata) | Revelation 18:12 |
| Timber | 2 Kings 12:12 |
| Tulip Sharon | Maybe referred to in Song of Solomon 2:1 |
| Vine - Grape (Vitis vinifera) | Isaiah 5:1 |
| Walnut - (Juglans regia) - may well have been walnut trees refer in | The Song of Solomon 6:11 Genesis 43:11 |
| Wheat - (Heb., chit·tah?; Gr., si?tos) | Ezra 7:22 |
| Wheat, Egyptian, (Triticum compositum) Which is cultivated in ancient Egypt, & can still be encountered there, has several ears per stalk. | Genesis 41:22, 23 |
| Willows | Job 40:22 |
| Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) | Revelation 8:11 |
References
- Post, G.E. Bible Dictionary Contributions
- Zohary, M. (1982) Plants of the Bible. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ Liddell H G and Scott R, A Greek-English Lexicon, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1843–1996, under "ζιζάνια". The plural form (Zizania) has in modern times been adopted as the botanical name for wild rice.
- ↑ Thayer's Lexicon: ζιζάνια
External links
- All of the Plants of the Bible
- Biblical Gardens
- Plants of the Bible Missouri Botanical Garden
- Project "Bibelgarten im Karton" (biblical garden in a cardboard box) of a social and therapeutic horticulture group (handicapped persons) named "Flowerpower" from Germany
- List of biblical gardens in Europe
-
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Plants in the Bible". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. - Biblical Botanical Gardens Society USA
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