List of Presidents of Czechoslovakia

President of Czechoslovakia

Style His Excellency
Residence Prague Castle
Appointer Federal Assembly
Formation 14 November 1918
First holder Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Final holder Václav Havel
Abolished 20 July 1992

The President of Czechoslovakia was the head of state of Czechoslovakia, from the creation of the First Czechoslovak Republic in 1918 until the dissolution of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic in 1992.

In periods when the presidency was vacant, most presidential duties were assumed by the Prime Minister. However, the Czechoslovak Constitutions never defined anything like a post of acting president.

The second section lists the General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ) in 1945–1989. After the 1948 coup d'état, the General Secretary was the country's de facto chief executive. However, three general secretaries—Klement Gottwald, Antonín Novotný and Gustáv Husák—also served as president at some point in their tenures.

The last living former President of Czechoslovakia, Václav Havel, died in 2011.

There are currently two living former General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia—Miloš Jakeš and Karel Urbánek.

Presidents of Czechoslovakia (1918–1992)

      Czechoslovak National Socialist Party       Communist Party of Czechoslovakia       Civic Forum       Independent

No. Portrait Name Lifespan Ethnicity Assumed office Left office Political Party
(1918–1938)
1 Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk 1850–1937 Czech 14 November 1918 14 December 1935 Independent
2 Edvard Beneš 1884–1948 Czech 18 December 1935 5 October 1938 Czechoslovak National Socialist Party
(1938–1939)
3 Emil Hácha 1872–1945 Czech 30 November 1938 15 March 1939 Independent
(1939–1945)
Emil Hácha remained State President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, a de jure autonomous region incorporated into Nazi Germany.[1][2]
Edvard Beneš proclaimed himself President within the Czechoslovak government-in-exile, recognized as the only legitimate Czechoslovak Government during World War II.
Jozef Tiso became President of the quasi-independent, pro-Nazi and clero-fascist Slovak Republic.
Avgustyn Voloshyn became President of the Carpatho-Ukraine few days before occupation by the Kingdom of Hungary.
(1945–1948)
4 Edvard Beneš 1884–1948 Czech 4 April 1945 7 June 1948 Czechoslovak National Socialist Party
(1948–1989)
Official names: Czechoslovak Republic (1948–1960), Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1960–1989)
5 Klement Gottwald 1896–1953 Czech 14 June 1948 14 March 1953 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
6 Antonín Zápotocký 1884–1957 Czech 21 March 1953 13 November 1957 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
7 Antonín Novotný 1904–1975 Czech 19 November 1957 22 March 1968 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
8 Ludvík Svoboda 1895–1979 Czech 30 March 1968 28 May 1975 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
9 Gustáv Husák 1913–1991 Slovak 29 May 1975 10 December 1989 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
(1989–1992)
Official names: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (1989–1990), Czech and Slovak Federative Republic (1990–1992)
10 Václav Havel 1936–2011 Czech 29 December 1989 20 July 1992 Civic Forum

General Secretaries of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (1945–1989)

Titled as Chairman 1945–1953, First Secretary 1953–1971

No. Portrait Name Lifespan Ethnicity Assumed office Left office
1 Klement Gottwald 1896–1953 Czech April 1945 14 March 1953
2 Antonín Novotný 1904–1975 Czech 14 March 1953 5 January 1968
3 Alexander Dubček 1921–1992 Slovak 5 January 1968 17 April 1969
4 Gustáv Husák 1913–1991 Slovak 17 April 1969 17 December 1987
5 Miloš Jakeš 1922– Czech 17 December 1987 24 November 1989
6 Karel Urbánek 1941– Czech 24 November 1989 20 December 1989

Timeline

Václav Havel Gustáv Husák Ludvík Svoboda Antonín Novotný Antonín Zápotocký Klement Gottwald Edvard Beneš Emil Hácha Edvard Beneš Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk

References

  1. ↑ Rare 1943 Third Reich facts booklet
  2. ↑ Heavily illustrated rare big original 1943 Nazi book on Eastern Europe and Asia

See also

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