List of state leaders in 1638

See also
List of state leaders in 1637 Events of 1638 List of state leaders in 1639 State leaders by year List of colonial governors in 1638

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1638.

Africa

Kingdom of Dahomey – Dakodonou (1620–1645)
Ethiopian Empire – Fasilides (1632–1667)

Asia

China (Ming dynasty) - Chongzhen Emperor (1627–1644)
Empire of Japan –
- Monarch – Meishō (1629–1643)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iemitsu (1623–1651)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Hō (1621–1640)
Joseon (Korea) – Injo (1623–1649)
Mughal Empire – Shah Jahan (1628–1658)
Qing dynasty (Manchu Empire) - Hong Taiji (1626–1643)

Europe

Kingdom of Denmark–Norway – Christian IV (1588–1648)
Kingdom of England – Charles I (1625–1649)
Kingdom of France – Louis XIII (1610–1643)
Holy Roman Empire – Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1637–1657)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen –
  1. Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
  2. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, rivalling Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen (1635–1645)
- Bishopric of Halberstadt – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Halberstadt (1628–1648)
- Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg –
  1. Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1631–1638)
  2. Augustus, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels, Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric of Magdeburg (1638–1680)
- Bishopric of Olomouc – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Olomouc (1637–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Passau – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Passau (1625–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg – Archduke Leopold William of Austria, Catholic Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Strasbourg (1626–1662)
- Prince-Bishopric of Verden – Frederick II (later Frederick III of Denmark), Lutheran Administrator of the Prince-Bishopric of Verden (1623–1629 and again 1635–1644)
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire Murat IV, Ottoman Sultan (1623–1640)
Tsardom of Russia – Michael I (1613–1645)
Kingdom of Spain – Philip IV (1621–1665)
Kingdom of Sweden – Christina (1632–1654)
United Provinces
- Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
- Stadtholder - Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Utrecht and Zeeland(1625–1647).
  - Holland – Grand Pensionary Jacob Cats (1629–1631, 1636–1651)

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