List of state leaders in 1856

See also
List of state leaders in 1855 Events of 1856 List of state leaders in 1857 State leaders by year List of religious leaders in 1856 List of sovereign states in 1856 List of colonial governors in 1856

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 1856.

Africa

Ashanti Confederacy – Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
Kingdom of Buganda –
1. Suna II (1836–1856)
2. Muteesa I (1856–1884)
Bunyoro – Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852–1869)
Kingdom of Burundi – Mwezi IV Gisabo (1852–1908)
Kingdom of Dahomey –
1. Ghezo (1818–1856)
2. Glele (1856–1889)
Dosso Kingdom – Zarmakoy Kassam (1856–1865)
Ethiopian Empire – Tewodros II (1855–1868)
Kingdom of Jimma – Abba Rebu (1855–1859)
Liberia
- President -
  1. Joseph Jenkins Roberts (1848–1856)
  2. Stephen Allen Benson (1856–1864)
Kingdom of Rwanda – Kigeli IV (1853–1895)
Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph – Ali bin Bello I (1842–1859)
- Grand Vizier – Abd al-Qadir (1842–1859)
Sultanate of Zanzibar – Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid (1856–1870)
Zulu – Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840–1872)

Asia

Emirate of Afghanistan – Dost Mohammad Khan (1843–1863)
China
- Qing dynasty – Xianfeng Emperor (1850–1861)
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom – Hong Xiuquan (1851–1864)
Empire of Japan
- Monarch – Kōmei (1846–1867)
- Tokugawa shogunate – Tokugawa Iesada (1853–1858)
- Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Tai (1848-11 March 1879)
Joseon (Korea) – Cheoljong (1849–1864)
Sultanate of Oman – Thuwaini bin Said (1856–1866)
Đại Nam (Nguyễn dynasty) – Tự Đức, Emperor (1847–1883)

Europe

Principality of Abkhazia – Mikhail (1822–1864)
Kingdom of Belgium
- Monarch – Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief – Pieter Dedecker (1855–1857)
Kingdom of Denmark
- Monarch – Frederick VII (1848–1863)
- Prime Minister -
  1. Peter Georg Bang (1854–1856)
  2. Carl Christoffer Georg Andræ (1856–1857)
Second French Empire – Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
German Confederation – Franz Joseph of Austria, President (1850–1866)
- Austrian Empire – Franz Joseph I (1848–1916)
- Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
  - Monarch – William III of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  - Prime Minister – Mathias Simons (1853–1860)
- Kingdom of Prussia –
  - Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1840–1861)
  - Minister President – Otto von Manteuffel (1850–1858)
- Kingdom of Bavaria – Maximilian II (1848–1864)
- Kingdom of Saxony – Johann (1854–1873)
- Kingdom of Hanover – George (1851–1866)
- Kingdom of Württemberg – William (1816–1864)
Kingdom of Greece –
- Monarch – Otto (1832–1862)
- Prime Minister – Dimitrios Voulgaris (1855–1857)
Kingdom of Hungary – Franz Joseph I of Austria (1848–1916)
Duchy of Lucca – Charles II, Duke of Parma (1824–1847)
Duchy of Massa and Carrara – Francis V, Duke of Massa and Prince of Carrara (1846–1859)
Duchy of Modena – Francis V (1846–1859)
Principality of Moldavia –
1. Grigore Alexandru Ghica, Voivod of Moldavia (1849–1853, 1854–1856)
2. Teodor Balş, Princely Lieutenant of Moldavia (1856–1857)
Principality of Monaco
1. Florestan I (1841–1856)
2. Charles III (1856–1889)
Principality of Montenegro – Danilo I (1852–1860)
Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch – William III (1849–1890)
- Chairman of the Dutch Council of Ministers -
  1. Floris Adriaan van Hall (1853–1856, 1860–1861)
  2. Justinus van der Brugghen (1856–1858)
Sweden–Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Kingdom of Sweden–Norway
- Monarch – Oscar I (1844–1859)
- Governor -
  1. Severin Løvenskiold, Governor of Norway (1841–1856)
  2. vacant from 1856 until abolished in 1873
Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Sultan – Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier -
  1. Mehmed Emin Aali Pasha (1855–1856)
  2. Mustafa Reşid Pasha (1856–1857)
Papal States – Pope Pius IX (1846–1870)
Duchy of Parma – Roberto I (1854–1859)
- Regent – Louise, Dowager Duchess of Parma(1854–1859)
Congress Poland – Alexander II of Russia (1853–1861)
Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves
- Monarch – Pedro V (1853–1861)
- President of the Council of Ministers -
  1. Duke of Saldanha (1851–1856)
  2. Marquess of Loulé (1856–1859)
Russian Empire – Alexander II (1855–1881)
Sardinia-Piedmont – Victor Emmanuel II, King of Sardinia-Piedmont (1849–1878*) *King of Italy beginning in 1861
- Prime Minister – Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour (1852–1861)
- Savoy
Kingdom of Spain – Isabella II (September 29, 1833 – 1868)
Kingdom of Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Oscar I (1844–1859)
Switzerland – Jakob Stämpfli, President (1856)
Kingdom of Tavolara – Paolo I (1845–1886)
Grand Duchy of Tuscany – Leopold II (1824–1848, 1849–1859)
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies – Ferdinand II (1830–1859)
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- Monarch – Victoria (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston (1855–1858)
Principality of Wallachia –
1. Barbu Dimitrie Stirbey, Voivod of Wallachia (1849–1853, 1854–1856)
2. Alexandru Dimitrie Ghica, Princely Lieutenant of Wallachia (1856–1858)

Middle East and North Africa

Kuwait – Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah (1814–1859)
Sultanate of Morocco – Abd al-Rahman (1822–1859)
Beylik of Tunis -
- Monarch – Muhammad (II) ibn al-Husayn, Pasha-Bey of Tunisia (1855–1859)
- Grand Vizier – Mustapha Khaznadar (1837–1873)
Persia (Qajar dynasty) – Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (1848–1896)

North America

Costa Rica – Juan Rafael Mora Porras, President of Costa Rica (1849–1859)
Dominican Republic –
1. Pedro Santana Familias, President of the Dominican Republic (1844–1848, 1849, 1853–1856)
2. Manuel de Regla Mota y Álvarez de Fuentes, President of the Dominican Republic (1856)
3. Buenaventura Báez Méndez, President of the Dominican Republic (1849–1853, 1856–1858)
El Salvador –
1. José María San Martín y Fugón, President of El Salvador (1854–1856)
2. Rafael Campo Pomar, President of El Salvador (1856–1858)
Guatemala – José Rafael Carrera Turcios, Perpetual President of Guatemala (1844–1848, 1851–1865)
Second Empire of Haiti – Faustin (1847*-1859) *Emperor from 1849
Honduras –
1. Francisco de Aguilar, Acting President of Honduras (1855–1856)
2. José Santos Guardiola Bustillo, President of Honduras (1856–1862)
Mexico: Ignacio Comonfort, President of Mexico (1855–1857)
Miskito Nation – George Augustus Frederic II, King of the Miskito Nation (1842–1865)
Nicaragua –
1. Patricio Rivas, Provisional President of Nicaragua (1855–1856)
2. William Walker, Provisional President of Nicaragua (1856–1857)
United States: Franklin Pierce, President of the United States (1853–1857)

Oceania

Kingdom of Hawaii – Kamehameha IV (1854–1863)
Mangareva – Maputeoa, King of Mangareva (1830–1857)
Tonga – Tāufaʻāhau, Tu'i Kanokupolu (1845–1893)

South America

Argentine Confederation – Justo José de Urquiza, President of the Argentine Confederation (1854–1860)
- State of Buenos Aires – Pastor Obligado, Governor of Buenos Aires Province (1853–1858)
Bolivia – Jorge Córdova, President of Bolivia (1855–1857)
Empire of Brazil –
- Monarch – Pedro II (1831–1889)
- Prime Minister –
  1. Honório Hermeto Carneiro Leão, Marquis of Paraná (1853–1856)
  2. Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Marquis of Caxias (1856–1857)
Chile – Manuel Francisco Antonio Julián Montt Torres, President of Chile (1851–1861)
Ecuador –
1. José María Urvina, President of Ecuador (1851*-1856) *Supreme Chief (in rebellion) to 1852
2. Francisco Robles Garcia, President of Ecuador (1856–1859)
Republic of New Granada – Manuel María Mallarino Ibargüen, Acting President (1855–1857)
Paraguay – Carlos Antonio López, Perpetual Supreme Dictator (1844–1862)
Peru – Ramón Castilla, President of Peru (1845–1851 and 1855–1862)
Uruguay –
1. Manuel Basilio Bustamante, President of Uruguay (1855–1856)
2. José María Plá, President of Uruguay (1856)
3. Gabriel Antonio Pereira, President of Uruguay (1856–1860)
Venezuela – José Tadeo Monagas Burgos, President of Venezuela (1847–1851 and 1855–1858)

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