List of state leaders in 281 BC
| See also |
|---|
This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 281 BC.
The column "Title" refers to being of the state in question (e.g. "Emperor" under the heading "Japan" means "Emperor of Japan") unless otherwise stated.
Africa
Egypt
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Ptolemy II Philadelphus | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic dynasty | 288 BC | 246 BC | |
| Sovereign | Arsinoe I | Pharaoh | Ptolemaic dynasty | 284 BC | 274 BC |
Eastern Numidia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Zelalsen | King | — | 344 BC | 274 BC |
Middle East and Asia Minor
Armenia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Orontes III | King | Orontid dynasty | 317 BC | 260 BC |
Bithynia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Zipoetes I | King | — | 297 BC | 278 BC |
Cappadocia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Ariarathes II | King | Ariarathid | 301 BC | 280 BC |
Caucasian Iberia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Pharnavaz I | King | Pharnabazid dynasty | 302 BC | 237 BC |
Cimmerian Bosporus
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Pairisades II | King | Spartocids | 284 BC | 245 BC |
Pergamon
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Philetaerus | King | — | 282 BC | 263 BC |
Pontus
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Mithridates I | King | — | 302 BC | 266 BC |
Seleucid Empire
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Seleucus I Nicator | King | Seleucid dynasty | 305 BC | September 281 BC | |
| Sovereign | Antiochus I Soter | King | Seleucid dynasty | 281 BC | 261 BC |
Asia
Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Devanampiya Tissa | King | Vijaya | 307 BC | 267 BC |
Arakan (Burma)
Mythological monarchs
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Thet Htin Phyu | King | Second Danyawaddy | 289 BC | 249 BC |
China
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Nan | King | Zhou dynasty | 314 BC | 256 BC | [1] |
Vassal states
- Note: Only vassal states where the rulers and their reigning years are known are listed here.
| State | Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chu | Sovereign | Qingxiang | King | Mi | 298 BC | 263 BC | [2] |
| Han | Sovereign | Li | King | — | 295 BC | 273 BC | [3] |
| Lu | Sovereign | Wen II | Duke | Ji | 302 BC | 280 BC | [4] |
| Qi | Sovereign | Xiang | King | Tian | 283 BC | 265 BC | [5] |
| Qin | Sovereign | Zhaoxiang | King | Ying | 306 BC | 251 BC | [6] |
| Wei | Sovereign | Zhao | King | — | 295 BC | 277 BC | [7] |
| Wey | Sovereign | Huai Jun | Marquis | — | 292 BC | 252 BC | [8] |
| Yan | Sovereign | Zhao | King | — | 311 BC | 279 BC | [9] |
| Zhao | Sovereign | Huiwen | King | — | 298 BC | 266 BC | [10] |
Gojoseon (Korea)
Legendary monarchs
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Hyeonmun | King | — | 290 BC | 251 BC |
Japan
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Kōrei | Emperor | — | 290 BC | 8 February 215 BC |
Maurya Empire (India)
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Bindusara | Emperor | Maurya dynasty | 298 BC | 272 BC |
Europe
Athens
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Ourius | Archon | — | 282 BC | 281 BC | |
| Sovereign | Gorgias | Archon | — | 281 BC | 280 BC |
Epirus
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Pyrrhus | King | — | 297 BC | 272 BC |
Ireland
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Rudraige mac Sithrigi | High King | Milesians | 289 BC | 219 BC |
Macedonia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Lysimachus | King | — | 286 BC | 281 BC | |
| Sovereign | Ptolemy Keraunos | King | — | 281 BC | 279 BC |
Odrysian Thrace
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Cotys II | King | — | 300 BC | 280 BC |
Paeonia
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Unknown | King | — | 285 BC | 278 BC |
Roman Republic
| Type | Name | Title | Political group | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Lucius Aemilius Barbula | Consul | — | 281 BC | ||
| Sovereign | Quintus Marcius Philippus | Consul | — | 281 BC | ||
Sparta
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Areus I | King | Agiad | 309 BC | 265 BC | |
| Sovereign | Archidamus IV | King | Eurypontid | 305 BC | 275 BC |
Syracuse
| Type | Name | Title | Royal house | From | To | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sovereign | Hicetas | Tyrant | — | 289 BC | 280 BC |
References
- ↑ Rulers of Zhōu at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Chǔ at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Hán at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Lǔ at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Qí at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Qín at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Wèi at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Wèi at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Yān at the Chinese Text Project
- ↑ Rulers of Zhào at the Chinese Text Project
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