List of state leaders in 331 BC

This is a list of heads of state, government leaders, and other rulers in the year 331 BC.

The column "Title" refers to being of the state in question (e.g. "Emperor" under the heading "Japan" means "Emperor of Japan") unless otherwise stated.

Africa

Carthage

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Gisco	King	Hannonian	337 BC	330 BC

Kush

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Nastasen	King	—	335 BC	310 BC

Eastern Numidia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Zelalsen	King	—	344 BC	274 BC

Middle East and Asia Minor

Armenia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Orontes II	King	Orontid Dynasty	336 BC	331 BC
Sovereign	Mithrenes	King	Orontid Dynasty	331 BC	323 BC

Bithynia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Bas	Dynast	—	376 BC	326 BC

Cappadocia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Ariarathes I	Satrap	Datamid	350 BC	331 BC
		King	Ariarathid	331 BC	322 BC

Cimmerian Bosporus

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Pairisades I	King	Spartocids	349 BC	311 BC

Persia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Darius III	King	Achaemenid dynasty	336 BC	330 BC

At this time, the Persian rulers were also rulers of the following conquered countries:

• Lydia (547–330 BC)
• Babylonia (539–330 BC)
• Elam (519–330 BC)

Asia

Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Mutasiva	King	Vijaya	367 BC	307 BC

Arakan (Burma)

Mythological monarchs

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Thamaza	King	Second Danyawaddy	344 BC	309 BC

China

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Xian	King	Zhou dynasty	368 BC	321 BC	[1]

Vassal states

• Note: Only vassal states where the rulers and their reigning years are known are listed here.

State	Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Chu	Sovereign	Wei	King	Mi	339 BC	329 BC	[2]
Han	Sovereign	Wei	Marquis	—	332 BC	312 BC	[3]
Lu	Sovereign	Jing	Duke	Ji	343 BC	323 BC	[4]
Qi	Sovereign	Wei	King	Tian	356 BC	320 BC	[5]
Qin	Sovereign	Huiwen	King	Ying	337 BC	311 BC	[6]
Song	Sovereign	Ti Cheng Jun	Duke	—	355 BC	329 BC	[7]
Wei	Sovereign	Hui	King	—	369 BC	319 BC	[8]
Wey	Sovereign	Si Jun	Marquis	—	334 BC	293 BC	[9]
Yan	Sovereign	Yi	King	—	332 BC	321 BC	[10]
Zhao	Sovereign	Su	Marquis	—	349 BC	326 BC	[11]

Gojoseon (Korea)

Legendary monarchs

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Gadeok	King	—	342 BC	315 BC

Japan

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Kōan	Emperor	—	392 BC	9 January 291 BC

Europe

Athens

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Nicites	Archon	—	332 BC	331 BC
Sovereign	Aristophanes	Archon	—	331 BC	330 BC

Epirus

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Alexander I	King	—	343 BC	330 BC

Ireland

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Óengus Tuirmech Temrach	High King	Milesians	385 BC	326 BC

Macedonia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Alexander the Great	King	Argead dynasty	October 336 BC	10 or 11 June 323 BC

At this time, the Macedonian rulers were also rulers of the following conquered countries:

• Odrysian Thrace (341–331 BC)
• Egypt (332–305 BC)

Odrysian Thrace

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Seuthes III	King	—	331 BC	300 BC

Paeonia

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Patraus	King	—	340 BC	315 BC

Roman Republic

Type	Name	Title	Political group	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	C. Valerius Potitus	Consul	—	331 BC
Sovereign	M. Claudius Marcellus	Consul	—	331 BC

Sparta

Type	Name	Title	Royal house	From	To	Refs
Sovereign	Cleomenes II	King	Agiad	369 BC	309 BC
Sovereign	Agis III	King	Eurypontid	338 BC	331 BC
Sovereign	Eudamidas I	King	Eurypontid	331 BC	305 BC

References

1. Rulers of Zhōu at the Chinese Text Project
2. Rulers of Chǔ at the Chinese Text Project
3. Rulers of Hán at the Chinese Text Project
4. Rulers of Lǔ at the Chinese Text Project
5. Rulers of Qí at the Chinese Text Project
6. Rulers of Qín at the Chinese Text Project
7. Rulers of Sòng at the Chinese Text Project
8. Rulers of Wèi at the Chinese Text Project
9. Rulers of Wèi at the Chinese Text Project
10. Rulers of Yān at the Chinese Text Project
11. Rulers of Zhào at the Chinese Text Project