List of universities in Canada
Universities Canada, an organisation composed of Canadian universities, defines two distinct types of post-secondary institutions in Canada: universities and colleges. Universities grant university degrees, which include bachelor's degrees, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees; and colleges, also known as community colleges, provide diplomas.[1]
Canada's post-secondary opportunities revolve around a wide range of university options. Throughout Canada's 13 provinces and territories, there are 98 universities to choose from. With a population of over 34 million as of 2012,[2] 1.8 million are enrolled in a specific university.[3] This averages out to 18 thousand students per university. Programs are offered to graduating high school students through choice, however, students must maintain specific entering averages, which generally range from 65-85%, depending on criteria set by the chosen university. On campus residences are available at 95% of universities in Canada.[4] Most include a meal plan and general utilities. Residence is optional at all post-secondary campuses.
Degree programs last four years in addition to possible co-op opportunities and college affiliation for a hands-on approach to programs. Tuition is based on program material and content which varies in price. Generally, a first year student in an arts or science faculty will experience a broad range of courses while "program specific courses" begin in year two. Sometimes, admission to such a program may be based on internal university acceptance (i.e. a set grade point average must be achieved).
Universities by province
Alberta
Post-secondary education in Alberta is regulated by the Ministry of Advanced Education.[5] There are six public universities in Alberta, eleven public colleges, two polytechnical institutes (which grant degrees), and seven private colleges (all of which grant degrees). Most private universities refer to themselves as "university colleges", and they grant equivalent degrees.[5]
Edmonton, the province's capital city, is home to the University of Alberta, the province's oldest and largest university, and Grant MacEwan University. Edmonton is also home to The King's University, as well as the Concordia University of Edmonton (not to be confused with the Concordia University in Montreal). There are also two universities in Calgary: University of Calgary and Mount Royal University. The University of Lethbridge is based out of Lethbridge but also has campuses in Edmonton and Calgary. Athabasca University, a distance learning university, has been based out of Athabasca since 1970.
Established in 1907 in Leduc, the independent publicly funded Burman University in Lacombe is the oldest in Alberta. Formerly a university college, the Alberta Government gave them permission to change their status from "university college" to "university".
In 2009, a bill was passed by the Alberta legislature that allowed the two public colleges that offered degrees (MacEwan College in Edmonton and Mount Royal College in Calgary) to rename themselves universities.[6] Mount Royal College was renamed Mount Royal University on September 3, 2009[7] and Grant MacEwan College became Grant MacEwan University on September 24, 2009.[8]
In the recent, The King's University and the Concordia University of Edmonton have been granted the ability to change their respective names from University-College to University.
British Columbia
There are eleven public universities and five private universities in British Columbia. Eight of these universities – Capilano University, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, Trinity Western University, Simon Fraser University, the University Canada West and the University of British Columbia – are in the Metro Vancouver region, the most populated region of British Columbia (with the exception of the University of British Columbia Okanagan - the major UBC campus located in the Okanagan Valley), and three of them – Vancouver Island University, Royal Roads University and the University of Victoria – are on Vancouver Island. The University of Northern British Columbia houses a main campus in Prince George, with regional campuses in Quesnel, Terrace and Fort St. John. Three public universities, Capilano University, University of the Fraser Valley and Kwantlen Polytechnic University, and one private university, Quest University, are primarily undergraduate institutions.
The oldest university in the province is the University of British Columbia, established in 1908,[9] with its newest major campus in Okanagan established in 2005. Five institutions in British Columbia were officially designated as universities on September 1, 2008:[10] Capilano University, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, the University of the Fraser Valley, and Vancouver Island University. University enrolment in British Columbia ranges from Quest University with 700 students[11] to the University of British Columbia with 45,484 students.
The biggest provider of online and distance education in BC is Thompson Rivers University, Open Learning. With over 400 individual courses and more than 57 programs available for completion by distance and online learning, students can take a variety of programs such as: adult secondary school completion; certificates and diplomas, including advanced and post-baccalaureate; associate degrees; and bachelor's degrees. Considering distance students, Thompson Rivers University's enrolment is 22,036 (8964 of which is distance).
Manitoba
There are seven universities in Manitoba, which are under the responsibility of the Ministry of Advanced Education and Literacy.[12] Five of these universities—Booth University College, Canadian Mennonite University, the University of Manitoba, the University of Winnipeg, and the Université de Saint-Boniface—are in Winnipeg, the capital and largest city in the province. The Université de Saint-Boniface, established in 1818, is the oldest university in the province and is the only French language university in western Canada. Booth University College, formed in 1982, is one of the newest. In northern Manitoba, the University College of the North serves the communities of The Pas and Thompson. Smaller satellite campuses serve the communities of Swan River and Flin Flon. University enrolment in Manitoba ranges from Booth University College with several hundred students to the University of Manitoba with 26,800 students. Brandon University is located in the Western-Manitoba city of Brandon, Manitoba.
New Brunswick
There are eight chartered universities in New Brunswick; four public universities,[13] governed by the Ministry of Post-Secondary Education, Training and Labour,[14] and four private institutions including an online university, Yorkville University. New Brunswick holds the distinctions of having the first English-language university in Canada and the first public university in North America, (the University of New Brunswick);[15] and also the first university in the British Empire to have award a bachelor's degree to a woman, (Mount Allison University) in 1875.[16] St. Thomas University and University of New Brunswick have campuses in the province's capital of Fredericton and UNB also maintains a campus in Saint John. St. Thomas University is the only public university in the province that does not offer graduate-level programs. Established in 1785, the University of New Brunswick is the oldest public in the province, and the Université de Moncton is the newest, formed in 1963. Public university enrolment ranges from Mount Allison University with 2,486 students to the University of New Brunswick with 10,587 students. Of the three private universities, Crandall University is the largest with enrolment expected to reach 1,200.
Newfoundland and Labrador
The Degree Granting Act of Newfoundland and Labrador regulates degree-granting universities in the province.[17] The only university in Newfoundland and Labrador,[13] Memorial University of Newfoundland, has campuses in two cities, in St. John's, the capital of Newfoundland and Labrador, and on the west coast of the province, in Corner Brook. With 18,172 enrolled students, it is the largest university in Atlantic Canada.[18]
Nova Scotia
There are 10 universities in Nova Scotia.[19] Six of these – the Atlantic School of Theology, Dalhousie University, Mount Saint Vincent University, the NSCAD University, Saint Mary's University, and the University of King's College – are located in the Halifax Regional Municipality, which is the capital of Nova Scotia and the largest urban area in Atlantic Canada. The oldest university in the province is the University of King's College, established in 1789, and the newest is Cape Breton University, established in 1974. University student enrolment in Nova Scotia ranges from 125 students at the Atlantic School of Theology to more than 18,000 at Dalhousie University.
Several universities in Nova Scotia have strong religious connections. The University of King's College, originally founded in Windsor, was the first college to obtain university powers in British North America, at a time when Upper Canada had no government of its own. It has always remained under the control of the Church of England. Dalhousie University, originally known as Dalhousie College, was established in Halifax in 1820 with the help of the Presbyterian Church, and Acadia University was founded by Baptists. Catholics formed Saint Mary's University, Mount Saint Vincent University, and Saint Francis Xavier University.[20]
Université Sainte-Anne, the tenth university, is located in Pointe-de-l'Église and instructs its academic courses in French.
Ontario
There are 21 publicly funded universities in the Canadian province of Ontario that are post-secondary education institutions with degree-granting authority.[21] There are also 17 privately funded, religious universities.[22] Each of these institutions were either established through an Act of the Legislative Assembly or through a Royal Charter.[23] With the exception of Royal Military College of Canada, students apply to public universities in Ontario through the Ontario Universities' Application Centre.
The University of Toronto was established in 1827 making it the oldest University in Ontario. The newest University in Ontario is Algoma University, which was established in 2008 after gaining independence from Laurentian University. The largest university in terms of enrolment is the University of Toronto, which has campuses in three locations.[24] The U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities is headquartered in Ottawa.
Prince Edward Island
There is one university in Prince Edward Island that is authorized to grant degrees.[13] Higher education in the province falls under the jurisdiction of the Higher Education and Corporate Services Branch within the Department of Education and Early Childhood Development.[25] The only university in the province, the University of Prince Edward Island, is in the province's capital of Charlottetown. The institution resulted from an amalgamation of Prince of Wales College, a former university college founded in 1834, and Saint Dunstan's University, founded in 1855.[26]
Quebec
There are 18 universities in the largely French-speaking province of Quebec, 10 of which form the Université du Québec network.
In Québec, universities are independent from government and autonomous in managing their affairs. By means of legislation or constitutional charters, lawmakers have granted each university the freedom to define its own curriculum and develop its own teaching and research programs. The university has full responsibility for setting admission standards and enrolment requirements, awarding degrees and recruiting its personnel.
Of the eighteen universities, three are anglophone: Concordia University, McGill University and Bishop's University. The rest are francophone: five of them – École de technologie supérieure, École Polytechnique de Montréal, HEC Montréal, Université de Montréal and Université du Québec à Montréal – are located in Montreal, the most populated city in Quebec, and four of them – École nationale d'administration publique, Institut national de la recherche scientifique, TÉLUQ and Université Laval – are based in Quebec City, the province's capital. The Institut national de la recherche scientifique and École nationale d'administration publique do not offer undergraduate level programs.
The oldest university in the province is Université Laval, established in 1663. The most recent institutions are: Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (1983), Concordia University (1974), École de technologie supérieure (1974), Téluq (1972, merged with UQÀM in 2005, split in 2012). University enrolment in the province of Quebec ranges from the Institut national de la recherche scientifique with 480 students to the Université de Montréal with 55,540 students (but this figure actually includes HEC and Polytechnique, which are legally distinct universities).
Saskatchewan
There are three universities in Saskatchewan.[13] The Government of Saskatchewan must establish statutes individually to degree-granting universities; these statutes outline the authority of each institution, their regulations, and bylaws.[27] The First Nations University of Canada and the University of Regina are both in Regina, the province's capital, and the University of Saskatchewan is in Saskatoon, the most populous city in Saskatchewan. The University of Saskatchewan is the oldest university in the province, founded in 1907, and the First Nations University of Canada is the newest, established in 1976. The University of Saskatchewan is also the largest university in Saskatchewan with 18,620 students, and the First Nations University of Canada (FNUC) is the smallest with 840 students. The First Nations University is the only Canadian university that caters to the needs of First Nations students. It was originally called the Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nations, and once formed, it entered into a federated agreement with the University of Regina to create the Saskatchewan Indian Federated College (SIFC). This Agreement allowed FNUC to become an independently administered university-college that served First Nations students.[28] The First Nations University of Canada is the only university in the province that does not offer graduate-level programs.
Accreditation
Canada is the only developed country without an accreditation system to assess the quality of post-secondary schools, such as the United States' network of national and regional accreditation organizations.[29] Membership in the AUCC and provincial charters or legislation are substitutes[30] but provinces usually do not evaluate universities as rigorously as American accreditation organizations, and graduates of institutions that are not AUCC members sometimes find that universities in other provinces do not recognize their degrees.[31]
Athabasca in 2006 became one of the first Canadian universities to receive American accreditation, when the Middle States Commission on Higher Education approved its application.[30] After the Simon Fraser Clan became the first non-American teams to join the American National Collegiate Athletic Association—which requires regional accreditation—in 2008 the university applied to the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities (NWCCU). According to Simon Fraser, US accreditation will "simplify our relationships with US institutions, including government, foundations and collegiate sports associations", and "enhance the value of an SFU degree for alumni abroad and for international students returning home".[32] In 2013 non-AUCC member Capilano[31] also received accreditation from the NWCCU, and Thompson Rivers announced its intention to apply.[30]
List of public universities
List of private universities
Name | City | Province | Language | Established | Undergraduates | Post-graduates | Total students | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fairleigh Dickinson University | Vancouver | British Columbia | E | 2007 | 78 | 0 | 78 | [99] |
Quest University | Squamish | British Columbia | E | 2002 | 300 | 0 | 300 | [100] |
Trinity Western University | Langley | British Columbia | E | 1962 | 2,130 | 730 | 2,860 | [101] |
University Canada West | Victoria | British Columbia | E | 2005 | 350 | 0 | 350 | [102] |
Booth University College | Winnipeg | Manitoba | E | 1982 | 250 | 0 | 250 | [103] |
Canadian Mennonite University | Winnipeg | Manitoba | E | 1944 | 600 | 0 | 600 | [51] |
Kingswood University | Sussex | New Brunswick | E | 1945 | 300 | 0 | 300 | [104] |
Crandall University | Moncton | New Brunswick | E | 1949 | 685 | 0 | 685 | [105] |
St. Stephen's University | St. Stephen | New Brunswick | E | 1975 | 100 | 0 | 100 | [106] |
University of Fredericton | Fredericton | New Brunswick | E | 2005 | [55] | |||
Atlantic School of Theology | Halifax | Nova Scotia | E | 1971 | 0 | 124 | 124 | [55] |
Tyndale University College | Toronto | Ontario | E | 1982 | 850 | 0 | 850 | [107] |
Redeemer University College | Ancaster | Ontario | E | 1982 | 955 | 0 | 955 |
See also
Footnotes
- ↑ "Post-secondary institutions defined". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ↑ "Population".
- ↑ "University".
- ↑ "University Statistics".
- 1 2 "Post-Secondary Institutions". Alberta Enterprise and Advanced Education. Retrieved 2008-10-09.
- ↑ Intercamp, "MacEwan and MRC could add University to name".
- ↑ Braid, Don (2009-09-03). "Tories reward Mount Royal". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 2009-09-03.
- ↑ "Grant MacEwan University celebrates new name". 2009-09-24. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
- ↑ "About UBC". ubc.ca. Retrieved 2011-08-01.
- ↑ "An Overview of B.C.'s Public Post-secondary Institutions". Aved.gov.bc.ca. 2008-09-01. Retrieved 2009-09-05.
- ↑ "About - Enrolment". www.Questu.ca. Quest University Canada. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
- ↑ "Quality Assurance Practices for Postsecondary Institutions in Manitoba". Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials. 2008-03-06. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- 1 2 3 4 "Canadian Universities". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "Premier announces NB Commission on Post-Secondary Education (07/01/19)". Government of New Brunswick. 2007-01-19. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- ↑ "UNB: Quick Facts". University of New Brunswick. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- ↑ "Mount Allison and our Campus...". Mount Allison University. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ↑ "Degree Granting Act, R.S.N.L. 1990, c. D-5". Canadian Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- ↑ "About the School of Music". Memorial University. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
- ↑ "Universities in Nova Scotia". Government of Nova Scotia. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ↑ Bourinot, John George (2004). "Chapter II: Education". The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4191-6747-2.
- ↑ "Post-Secondary - Schools Programs - University". Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ↑ "Post-Secondary - Schools Programs - Private Universities". Ontario Ministry of Training, Colleges, and Universities. Retrieved 2011-01-10.
- ↑ Cooper, William Mansfield (July 1967). "Governments and the University". Peabody Journal of Education 45 (1): 57–60.
- ↑ Girard, Daniel (2007-09-20). "University of Toronto (Mississauga): Best of both worlds". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ↑ "Higher Education and Corporate Services". Government of Prince Edward Island. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- ↑ "University of Prince Edward Island". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2008-10-12.
- ↑ "Quality Assurance Practices for Postsecondary Institutions in Saskatchewan". Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials. 2008-01-25. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
- ↑ "Our History". First Nations University of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-24.
- ↑ "Accreditation at SFU". VP Academic, Simon Fraser University. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- 1 2 3 Tamburri, Rosanna (2013-06-19). "More Canadian universities seek U.S. accreditation". University Affairs. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
- 1 2 Millar, Erin (2010-03-17). "SFU pursues American accreditation". Maclean's. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
- ↑ "Accreditation Questions and Answers". VP Academic, Simon Fraser University. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
- ↑ "Athabasca University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ↑ "Grant MacEwan University". Retrieved 2011-11-13.
- ↑ "Mount Royal University". Retrieved 2011-11-13.
- ↑ "University of Alberta". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ↑ "University of Calgary". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2010-06-28.
- ↑ "The University of Lethbridge". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "Fall 2007: Student Enrolment and Demographic Statistics" (PDF). Capilano University. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Emily Carr University of Art + Design". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Kwantlen Polytechnic University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Royal Roads University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Simon Fraser University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ http://www.tru.ca/about_tru/facts_figures.html
- ↑ "The University of British Columbia". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "University of Victoria". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "University of the Fraser Valley". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "University of Northern British Columbia". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Vancouver Island University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Brandon University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- 1 2 "Manitoba Advanced Education and Literacy". Government of Manitoba. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- ↑ "The University of Manitoba". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "The University of Winnipeg". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 "Full-time plus Part-time Enrolment" (PDF). Association of Atlantic Universities. 2012-10-15. Retrieved 2012-10-15.
- ↑ "Algoma University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada (AUCC). Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Brock University". Brock University. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Carleton University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Dominican College of Philosophy and Theology (Dominican University College)". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Lakehead University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Laurentian University of Sudbury". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "McMaster University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Nipissing University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Ontario College of Art & Design". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Queen's University at Kingston". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Saint Paul University". SPU. Retrieved 2011-03-12.
- ↑ "Royal Military College of Canada". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Ryerson University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Trent University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "University of Guelph". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "University of Ontario Institute of Technology". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "University of Ottawa - Quick Facts 2014" (PDF). University of Ottawa. Retrieved 2015-02-24.
- ↑ "University of Toronto". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "University of Waterloo". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "The University of Western Ontario". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "University of Windsor". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Wilfrid Laurier University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "York University". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
- ↑ "Bishop's University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Concordia University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec - École de technologie supérieure". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec - École nationale d'administration publique". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "École Polytechnique de Montréal". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "École des Hautes Études Commerciales". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Institut national de la recherche scientifique". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "McGill University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université de Montréal". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université de Sherbrooke". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec en Outaouais". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec à Chicoutimi". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec à Montréal". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec à Rimouski". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "Université Laval". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ↑ "First Nations University of Canada". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "University of Regina". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "University of Saskatchewan". AUCC. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ↑ "Fairleigh Dickinson University, Vancouver". Fairleigh Dickinson University. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ↑ "Quest University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2011-11-18.
- ↑ "Trinity Western University". Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada. Retrieved 2009-03-21.
- ↑ "Growth on track as Victoria's University Canada West honours graduates at second Convocation". University Canada West. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- ↑ "Booth University College". Retrieved 1 July 2012.
- ↑ "Bethany Bible College, Sussex, New Brunswick". Campus Starter. 2010. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
- ↑ "Atlantic Baptist University, Moncton, New Brunswick". Campus Starter. 2010. Archived from the original on July 8, 2011. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
- ↑ "St. Stephen's University, St. Stephen, New Brunswick". Campus Starter. 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2013. Retrieved 2010-01-30.
- ↑ "Tyndale University College". Retrieved 2011-08-22.
References
- Drake, Miriam A. (2003). Encyclopedia of library and information science. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-3894-8.
External links
- Canadian universities at the Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada
- Map of Canadian universities
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