List of wars involving India

This is a historical overview of armed conflicts involving India since the founding of the British Raj.

Wars in the Indian subcontinent

The following is an exhaustive list of wars and conflicts that were fought in the historic Indian subcontinent. The wars listed below involve three of the prominent empires to rule over the subcontinent — The Mauryas, Mughals and the Marathas. The Company rule in India is also included.

Empire of India (1858–1947)

Following the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India company came to end and the British crown now began to rule over India directly as per the Government of India Act 1858 through the British Raj. India was now a single empire comprising British India and the Princely states. The Indian Empire was officially created by British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli for Queen Victoria in 1876 and she was crowned Empress of India.

Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents Outcome
Allies Opponent(s)
1856 1860 Second Opium War United Kingdom British Empire

France French Empire

 China Victory
1863 1864 Ambela Campaign  India Afghan Pashtuns
Yusufzai tribes
Victory
  • Bunerwals surrender.
  • Malka burned.
1864 1865 Bhutan War  India Bhutan Victory
  • Bhutanese territorial cessions to India.
1867 1868 British Expedition to Abyssinia United Kingdom United Kingdom Ethiopian Empire Victory
  • British victory at the Battle of Magdala, Theodore II commits suicide.
1878 1880 Second Anglo-Afghan War United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Victory
  • Treaty of Gandamak, British objectives attained.
  • Afghanistan's tribal frontier areas annexed into British India.
  • Afghanistan becomes a British Protectorate.
1881 1899 Mahdist War United Kingdom United Kingdom

 Egypt
Ethiopia

Mahdist Sudan Victory
1882 Anglo-Egyptian War United Kingdom United Kingdom

Tewfik Pasha

Ahmed Orabi Victory
1885 Third Anglo-Burmese War  India Burmese Empire Victory
1888 Third Black Mountain Expedition  India Hassanzai and Akazai tribes. Victory
  • Allaiwal village of Pokal occupied and destroyed.
1888 Sikkim Expedition  India Tibet Tibet Victory
  • Tibetan forces expelled from Sikkim.
1891 Hunza-Nagar Campaign  India Hunza
Nagar
Victory
1895 Chitral Expedition  India Chitralis Bajouri and Afghan Tribesmen Victory
  • Fort of Chitral relieved.
1896 Anglo-Zanzibar War  British Empire Zanzibar Sultanate Victory
1896 Tochi Expedition  India Waziris Victory
  • Rebellion put down.
1897 Siege of Malakand  India پشتون Pashtun tribes Victory
  • Siege successful.
1897 1898 First Mohmand Campaign  India Mohmands Victory
1897 1898 Tirah Campaign  India Afridis
Orakzais
Chamkanis
Victory
  • Negotiations for peace were then begun with the Afridis.
1899 1901 Boxer Rebellion Empire of Japan Empire of Japan
Russian Empire Russia
British Empire United Kingdom

France France
 United States
German Empire Germany
 Austria-Hungary
Kingdom of Italy Italy

Yihetuan Movement
 China
Victory
  • The rebellion was suppressed.
  • Signing of the Boxer Protocol.
  • Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing.
1899 1902 Second Boer War  United Kingdom  Orange Free State
 South African Republic
Victory
1903 1904 British expedition to Tibet  India  Tibet Victory
1906 Bambatha Rebellion United Kingdom United Kingdom Zulu people Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
1914 1918 World War I  France
 United Kingdom

 Russian Empire
 Italy
 United States
 Serbia
 Japan
 Belgium
 Greece
 Romania
 Portugal
 Brazil

 Germany

 Austria-Hungary
 Ottoman Empire
 Bulgaria


South African Republic South African Republic

Victory
1918 1920 Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War Russia White movement
United Kingdom British Empire

 Japan
 Czechoslovakia
 Greece
 Poland
 United States
France France
 Romania
 Serbia
 Italy
Republic of China (1912–49) China

 Russian SFSR
 Far Eastern Republic
Latvian SSR
Ukrainian SSR
Commune of Estonia
Mongolian communists
Withdrawal
  • Allied withdrawal from Russia.
  • Bolshevik victory over White Army.
1919 1923 Turkish War of Independence  Greece

France France

Armenia Armenia
 United Kingdom

Georgia

Turkey Ankara Government
Turkey Kuva-yi Milliye
Armistice

[1]

1919 Third Anglo-Afghan War United Kingdom United Kingdom Afghanistan Armistice
  • Treaty of Rawalpindi
  • Afghan invasion repelled.
  • Afghanistan regains control of external affairs.
  • Reaffirmation of the Durand Line.
1919 First Waziristan Campaign  India Waziristan Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
1919 1920 Kuwait–Najd War British Empire United Kingdom

Kuwait

Sultanate of Nejd Victory
  • Ikhawan retreat.
1920 Iraqi revolt United Kingdom United Kingdom Iraqi rebels Victory
1921 Malabar rebellion  India Mappila Muslims Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed.
1925 Pink's War  India Mahsud tribesmen Victory
  • Tribal leaders accept terms.
1935 Second Mohmand Campaign  India Mohmands Victory
1936 1939 Second Waziristan Campaign  India Waziri tribesmen Victory
  • Suppression of insurrection by independent Wazir tribes.
1939 1945 World War II  Soviet Union
 United States

 United Kingdom

 Republic of China
 South Africa
 Australia
 Canada
 New Zealand
 France
 Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia

 Germany

 Italy
 Japan

 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria

Victory
1945 1947 Indonesian National Revolution Netherlands Netherlands
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Indonesia Indonesia Withdrawal
  • Indian withdrawal after independence in 1947.
  • The Netherlands recognises Indonesian independence.
1945 1946 Operation Masterdom United Kingdom United Kingdom

France France
Japan Japan

Viet Minh Withdrawal

Dominion of India (1947–1950)

Following Indian independence, merger of the princely states remained a major question. The partition resulted in the creation of Pakistan.

Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents Outcome
Allies Opponent(s)
1947 1948 Indo-Pakistani War of 1947  India  Pakistan
Furqan Force
Ceasefire
1947 Indian integration of Junagadh  India Junagadh State Victory
  • Indian annexation of the State of Junagadh
1948 Operation Polo  India Hyderabad Victory
  • Indian annexation of the State of Hyderabad

Republic of India (1950–present)

India has fought many wars and minor conflicts during its period as a republic.

Start Finish Name of Conflict Belligerents Outcome
Allies Opponent(s)
1951 Operation Tomahawk  United Nations
 China
 North Korea
Victory
1954 Indian annexation of Dadra and Nagar Haveli  India Portugal Portugal Victory
1960 1964 Congo Crisis United Nations ONUC State of Katanga State of Katanga Victory
1961 Invasion of Goa  India Portugal Portugal Victory
  • Incorporation of Goa into India
1962 Sino-Indian War  India  China Defeat
1964 Present Insurgency in Northeast India  India
 Bhutan
Ongoing
  • Ongoing low-level insurgency
  • Re-annexation of the territory held by MNF by Indian Army
  • Bhutanese victory in Operation All Clear
  • Introduction of AFSPA in five north-eastern states, later repealed in Tripura[3]
1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965  India  Pakistan Armistice
1967 Present Naxalite-Maoist insurgency  India Ongoing
1967 Cho La incident  India  China Victory
1971 Bangladesh Liberation War  India
Mukti Bahini
 Pakistan Victory
1984 Operation Blue Star  India Sikh Militants Victory
1984 2003 Siachen Conflict  India  Pakistan Victory
  • Indian annexation of the Siachen Glacier following Operation Meghdoot
  • Ceasefire since 2003
  • Low-level conflict ongoing
1986 Operation Flowers are Blooming  India
 Seychelles
Military of Seychelles Victory
  • Aversion of the coup
  • Resignation of Berlouis
1987 1990 Sri Lankan Civil War  India
 Sri Lanka
Tamil Tigers Withdrawal
1988 Operation Cactus  India
Maldives Maldives
PLOTE
Maldives Maldivian rebels
Victory
  • Restoration of government rule in Maldives
1989 Insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir India Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

Lashkar-e-Taiba
Jaish-e-Mohammed
Hizbul Mujahideen
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen
Al-Badr
Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front
Supported by:
 Pakistan[5]
Afghanistan Taliban[6]
al-Qaeda[6]

Ongoing
1999 Kargil War  India  Pakistan Victory
2009 Operation Ocean Shield  NATO
 Japan
 Somalia
 India
 New Zealand
 Saudi Arabia
 Ukraine
 South Korea
Somalia Somali Pirates Ongoing
  • Operations ongoing

See also

References

  1. Chester Neal Tate, Governments of the world: a global guide to citizens' rights and responsibilities, Macmillan Reference USA/Thomson Gale, 2006, p. 205.
  2. "Korean War". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  3. http://www.asianage.com/debate/age-debate-after-tripura-it-time-revoke-afspa-jammu-and-kashmir-922
  4. Asia Times Online :: Southeast Asia news and business from Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam. Atimes.com (2010-04-22). Retrieved on 2014-05-21.
  5. Ganguly, Sumit; Paul Kapur (7 August 2012). India, Pakistan, and the Bomb: Debating Nuclear Stability in South Asia. Columbia University Press. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-231-14375-2.
  6. 1 2 Gall, Carlotta (2007-01-21). "At Border, Signs of Pakistani Role in Taliban Surge – New York Times". The New York Times. Retrieved 2011-12-01.
  7. "Pakistani opposition presses for Sharif's resignation". Wsws.org. 1999-08-07. Retrieved 2012-06-15.
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