List of winners of the Boston Marathon

This page lists the winners of the Boston Marathon, which has been running continuously since 1897 and is the oldest annual marathon in the world. The first race, run in 1897, included only 15 runners, all of whom were men. Women were only officially allowed to run the race beginning in 1972, though female runners had unofficially participated beginning in 1966 despite the opposition of the Boston Athletic Association, the race sponsor. The Boston Marathon became the first major marathon to include a wheelchair division in 1975 for men, and added a wheelchair division for women in 1977.

Many marathon champions have repeated their feats in following years. The record for most repeated championships stands at 10, held by Ernst van Dyk in the Men's Wheelchair division. In the Men's Open division, Clarence DeMar holds the distinction of most wins with 7, and Catherine Ndereba tops the Women's Open division with 4. The United States has had more winners than any other country, followed by Kenya and Canada. The United States and Canada dominated the early years of the race, and it wasn't until the 36th race, in 1932, that someone from outside North America, Paul de Bruyn of Germany, won the race. During the period from World War II through the 1980s, there was much more national diversity among Boston Marathon champions, but the last two decades have seen Kenya emerge as the dominant nationality, especially in the Men's Open division, which (as of 2015) has been won by Kenyans in 19 of the past 25 years.

The 42.195 kilometres (26.219 mi) length of the marathon was not fixed before the 1924 Paris Olympics, and the Boston course varied as well. Prior to 1924 the course distance was approximately 24.5 miles (39.4 km). Even after the standardization of marathon lengths, the Boston course was off by nearly 200 yards from the correct distance until the mistake was discovered and corrected in 1927. The course grew gradually shorter in the 1950s as road re-construction straightened curves. This time, upon remeasurement the course was found to lack nearly 1200 yards, and was corrected beginning with the 1957 race. Due to these changes, the marathon recognizes several course records that are slower than previous records due to being run on longer courses. 26 world records have been set on the Boston Marathon course, one in the Men's Open Division, two in the Women's Open, 13 in the Men's Wheelchair, and 10 in the Women's Wheelchair.

On April 18, 2011, Geoffrey Mutai of Kenya ran the fastest marathon ever run up to that point, in a time of 2:03:02.^[1][2]

Legend

•       Course record for that given year (Note: The men's course was changed in 1957)
•       World record for that given year

Men's open

Year	Athlete	Country/State	Time	Notes
1897	John J. McDermott	United States (NY)	2:55:10
1898	Ronald J. MacDonald	Canada	2:42:00
1899	Lawrence Brignolia	United States (MA)	2:54:38
1900	John "Jack" Caffery	Canada	2:39:44
1901	John "Jack" Caffery	Canada	2:29:23	2nd victory
1902	Sammy Mellor	United States (NY)	2:43:12
1903	John Lorden	United States (MA)	2:41:29
1904	Michael Spring	United States (NY)	2:38:04
1905	Frederick Lorz	United States (NY)	2:38:25
1906	Tim Ford	United States (MA)	2:45:45
1907	Thomas Longboat	Canada	2:24:24
1908	Thomas Morrissey	United States (NY)	2:25:43
1909	Henri Renaud	United States (NH)	2:53:36
1910	Fred Cameron	Canada	2:28:52
1911	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:21:39
1912	Michael J. Ryan	United States (NY)	2:21:18
1913	Fritz Carlson	United States (MN)	2:25:14
1914	James Duffy	Canada	2:25:14
1915	Édouard Fabre	Canada	2:31:41
1916	Arthur Roth	United States (MA)	2:27:16
1917	Bill Kennedy	United States (NY)	2:28:37
1918	Camp Devens relay team[3]	United States (MA)	2:29:53	1918 race was relay for 10-man military teams
1919	Carl Linder	United States (MA)	2:29:13
1920	Peter Trivoulides	United States (NY)	2:29:31
1921	Frank Zuna	United States (NY)	2:18:57
1922	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:18:10	2nd victory
1923	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:23:47	3rd victory
1924	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:29:40	4th victory
1925	Charles Mellor	United States (IL)	2:33:00
1926	Johnny Miles	Canada	2:25:40
1927	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:40:22	5th victory
1928	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:37:07	6th victory
1929	Johnny Miles	Canada	2:33:08	2nd victory
1930	Clarence DeMar	United States (MA)	2:34:48	7th victory
1931	James Henigan	United States (MA)	2:46:45
1932	Paul de Bruyn	Germany	2:33:36
1933	Leslie S. Pawson	United States (RI)	2:31:01
1934	Dave Komonen	Canada	2:32:53
1935	John A. Kelley	United States (MA)	2:32:07
1936	Ellison Brown	United States (RI)	2:33:40
1937	Walter Young	Canada	2:33:20
1938	Leslie S. Pawson	United States (RI)	2:35:34	2nd victory
1939	Ellison Brown	United States (RI)	2:28:51	2nd victory
1940	Gérard Côté	Canada	2:28:28
1941	Leslie S. Pawson	United States (RI)	2:30:38	3rd victory
1942	Joe Smith	United States (MA)	2:26:51
1943	Gérard Côté	Canada	2:28:25	2nd victory
1944	Gérard Côté	Canada	2:31:50	3rd victory
1945	John A. Kelley	United States (MA)	2:30:40	2nd victory
1946	Stylianos Kyriakides	Greece	2:29:27	Only Greek to ever win the marathon
1947	Suh Yun-bok	South Korea	2:25:39
1948	Gérard Côté	Canada	2:31:02	4th victory
1949	Gösta Leandersson	Sweden	2:31:50
1950	Ham Kee-Yong	South Korea	2:32:39
1951	Shigeki Tanaka	Japan	2:27:45
1952	Doroteo Flores	Guatemala	2:31:53
1953	Keizo Yamada	Japan	2:18:51
1954	Veikko Karvonen	Finland	2:20:39
1955	Hideo Hamamura	Japan	2:18:22
1956	Antti Viskari	Finland	2:14:14
1957	John J. Kelley	United States (CT)	2:20:05
1958	Franjo Mihalić	Yugoslavia	2:25:54
1959	Eino Oksanen	Finland	2:22:42
1960	Paavo Kotila	Finland	2:20:54
1961	Eino Oksanen	Finland	2:23:39	2nd victory
1962	Eino Oksanen	Finland	2:23:48	3rd victory
1963	Aurèle Vandendriessche	Belgium	2:18:58
1964	Aurèle Vandendriessche	Belgium	2:19:59	2nd victory
1965	Morio Shigematsu	Japan	2:16:33
1966	Kenji Kimihara	Japan	2:17:11
1967	Dave McKenzie	New Zealand	2:15:45
1968	Amby Burfoot	United States (CT)	2:22:17
1969	Yoshiaki Unetani	Japan	2:13:49
1970	Ron Hill	United Kingdom	2:10:30
1971	Álvaro Mejía	Colombia	2:18:45
1972	Olavi Suomalainen	Finland	2:15:39
1973	Jon Anderson	United States (OR)	2:16:03
1974	Neil Cusack	Ireland	2:13:39
1975	Bill Rodgers	United States (MA)	2:09:55
1976	Jack Fultz	United States (VA)	2:20:19
1977	Jerome Drayton	Canada	2:14:46
1978	Bill Rodgers	United States (MA)	2:10:13	2nd victory
1979	Bill Rodgers	United States (MA)	2:09:27	3rd victory
1980	Bill Rodgers	United States (MA)	2:12:11	4th victory
1981	Toshihiko Seko	Japan	2:09:26
1982	Alberto Salazar	United States (MA)	2:08:52
1983	Greg Meyer	United States (MI)	2:09:00
1984	Geoff Smith	United Kingdom	2:10:34
1985	Geoff Smith	United Kingdom	2:14:05	2nd victory
1986	Robert de Castella	Australia	2:07:51
1987	Toshihiko Seko	Japan	2:11:50	2nd victory
1988	Ibrahim Hussein	Kenya	2:08:43
1989	Abebe Mekonnen	Ethiopia	2:09:06
1990	Gelindo Bordin	Italy	2:08:19
1991	Ibrahim Hussein	Kenya	2:11:06	2nd victory
1992	Ibrahim Hussein	Kenya	2:08:14	3rd victory
1993	Cosmas Ndeti	Kenya	2:09:33
1994	Cosmas Ndeti	Kenya	2:07:15	2nd victory,
1995	Cosmas Ndeti	Kenya	2:09:22	3rd victory
1996	Moses Tanui	Kenya	2:09:15
1997	Lameck Aguta	Kenya	2:10:34
1998	Moses Tanui	Kenya	2:07:34	2nd victory
1999	Joseph Chebet	Kenya	2:09:52
2000	Elijah Lagat	Kenya	2:09:47
2001	Lee Bong-Ju	South Korea	2:09:43
2002	Rodgers Rop	Kenya	2:09:02
2003	Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot	Kenya	2:10:11
2004	Timothy Cherigat	Kenya	2:10:37
2005	Hailu Negussie	Ethiopia	2:11:44
2006	Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot	Kenya	2:07:14	2nd victory
2007	Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot	Kenya	2:14:13	3rd victory
2008	Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot	Kenya	2:07:45	4th victory
2009	Deriba Merga	Ethiopia	2:08:42
2010	Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot	Kenya	2:05:52
2011	Geoffrey Mutai	Kenya	2:03:02
2012	Wesley Korir	Kenya	2:12:40
2013	Lelisa Desisa Benti	Ethiopia	2:10:22
2014	Meb Keflezighi	United States (CA)	2:08:37	First American win since 1983
2015	Lelisa Desisa Benti	Ethiopia	2:09:17	2nd victory
2016	Lemi Berhanu Hayle	Ethiopia	2:12:45

Women's open

Year	Athlete	Country/State	Time	Notes
1966	Bobbi Gibb	United States (MA)	3:21:40	(unsanctioned) [4]
1967	Bobbi Gibb	United States (CA)	3:27:17	(unsanctioned) 2nd victory [4]
1968	Bobbi Gibb	United States (CA)	3:30:00	(unsanctioned) 3rd victory [4]
1969	Sara Mae Berman	United States (MA)	3:22:46	(unsanctioned) [4]
1970	Sara Mae Berman	United States (MA)	3:05:07	(unsanctioned) 2nd victory [4]
1971	Sara Mae Berman	United States (MA)	3:08:30	(unsanctioned) 3rd victory [4]
1972	Nina Kuscsik	United States (NY)	3:10:26	first year that women were officially sanctioned
1973	Jacqueline Hansen	United States (CA)	3:05:59
1974	Miki Gorman	United States (CA)	2:47:11
1975	Liane Winter	West Germany	2:42:24
1976	Kim Merritt	United States (WI)	2:47:10
1977	Miki Gorman	United States (CA)	2:48:33	2nd victory
1978	Gayle Barron	United States (GA)	2:44:52
1979	Joan Benoit	United States (ME)	2:35:15
1980	Jacqueline Gareau	Canada	2:34:28	[5]
1981	Allison Roe	New Zealand	2:26:46
1982	Charlotte Teske	West Germany	2:29:33
1983	Joan Benoit	United States (ME)	2:22:43	2nd victory
1984	Lorraine Moller	New Zealand	2:29:28
1985	Lisa Larsen Weidenbach	United States (MI)	2:34.06
1986	Ingrid Kristiansen	Norway	2:24:55
1987	Rosa Mota	Portugal	2:25:21
1988	Rosa Mota	Portugal	2:24:30	2nd victory
1989	Ingrid Kristiansen	Norway	2:24:33	2nd victory
1990	Rosa Mota	Portugal	2:25:24	3rd victory
1991	Wanda Panfil	Poland	2:24:18
1992	Olga Markova	Russia	2:23:43
1993	Olga Markova	Russia	2:25:27	2nd victory
1994	Uta Pippig	Germany	2:21:45
1995	Uta Pippig	Germany	2:25:11	2nd victory
1996	Uta Pippig	Germany	2:27:12	3rd victory
1997	Fatuma Roba	Ethiopia	2:26:23
1998	Fatuma Roba	Ethiopia	2:23:21	2nd victory
1999	Fatuma Roba	Ethiopia	2:23:25	3rd victory
2000	Catherine Ndereba	Kenya	2:26:11
2001	Catherine Ndereba	Kenya	2:23:53	2nd victory
2002	Margaret Okayo	Kenya	2:20:43
2003	Svetlana Zakharova	Russia	2:25:19
2004	Catherine Ndereba	Kenya	2:24:27	3rd victory
2005	Catherine Ndereba	Kenya	2:25:12	4th victory
2006	Rita Jeptoo	Kenya	2:23:38
2007	Lidiya Grigoryeva	Russia	2:29:18
2008	Dire Tune	Ethiopia	2:25:25	2 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher
2009	Salina Kosgei	Kenya	2:32:16	1 second ahead of 2nd-place finisher
2010	Teyba Erkesso	Ethiopia	2:26:11	3 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher
2011	Caroline Kilel	Kenya	2:22:36	2 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher
2012	Sharon Cherop	Kenya	2:31:50	2 seconds ahead of 2nd-place finisher
2013	Rita Jeptoo	Kenya	2:26:25	2nd victory
2014	Rita Jeptoo	Kenya	2:18:57	3rd victory
2015	Caroline Rotich	Kenya	2:24:55
2016	Atsede Baysa	Ethiopia	2:29:19

Men's wheelchair

Year	Athlete	Country/State	Time	Notes
1975	Robert Hall	United States (MA)	2:58:00
1976	none
1977	Robert Hall	United States (MA)	2:40:10	2nd victory
1978	George Murray	United States (FL)	2:26:57
1979	Ken Archer	United States (OH)	2:38:59
1980	Curt Brinkman	United States (UT)	1:55:00
1981	Jim Martinson	United States (WA)	2:00:41
1982	Jim Knaub	United States (CA)	1:51:31
1983	Jim Knaub	United States (CA)	1:47:10	2nd victory
1984	Viger, AndréAndré Viger	Canada	2:05:20
1985	George Murray	United States (FL)	1:45:34	2nd victory
1986	Viger, AndréAndré Viger	Canada	1:43:25	2nd victory
1987	Viger, AndréAndré Viger	Canada	1:55:42	3rd victory
1988	Badid, MustaphaMustapha Badid	France	1:43:19
1989	Couprie, PhilippePhilippe Couprie	France	1:36:04
1990	Badid, MustaphaMustapha Badid	France	1:29:53	2nd victory
1991	Jim Knaub	United States (CA)	1:30:44	3rd victory
1992	Jim Knaub	United States (CA)	1:26:28	4th victory
1993	Jim Knaub	United States (CA)	1:22:17	5th victory
1994	Frei, HeinzHeinz Frei	Switzerland	1:21:23
1995	Nietlispach, FranzFranz Nietlispach	Switzerland	1:25:59
1996	Frei, HeinzHeinz Frei	Switzerland	1:30:14	2nd victory
1997	Nietlispach, FranzFranz Nietlispach	Switzerland	1:28:14	2nd victory
1998	Nietlispach, FranzFranz Nietlispach	Switzerland	1:21:52	3rd victory
1999	Nietlispach, FranzFranz Nietlispach	Switzerland	1:21:36	4th victory
2000	Nietlispach, FranzFranz Nietlispach	Switzerland	1:33:32	5th victory
2001	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:25:12
2002	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:23:19	2nd victory
2003	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:28:32	3rd victory
2004	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:18:27	4th victory
2005	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:24:11	5th victory
2006	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:25:29	6th victory
2007	Soejima, MasazumiMasazumi Soejima	Japan	1:29:16
2008	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:26:49	7th victory
2009	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:33:29	8th victory
2010	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:26:53	9th victory
2011	Soejima, MasazumiMasazumi Soejima	Japan	1:18:50	2nd victory
2012	Cassidy, JoshuaJoshua Cassidy	Canada	1:18:25
2013	Yamamoto, HiroyukiHiroyuki Yamamoto	Japan	1:25:33
2014	van Dyk, ErnstErnst van Dyk	South Africa	1:20:36	10th victory
2015	Hug, MarcelMarcel Hug	Switzerland	1:29:53
2016	Hug, MarcelMarcel Hug	Switzerland	1:24:01	2nd victory

Women's wheelchair

Year	Athlete	Country/State	Time	Notes
1977	Sharon Rahn	United States (IL)	3:48:51
1978	Susan Shapiro	United States (CA)	3:52:35
1979	Sheryl Bair	United States (CA)	3:27:56
1980	Sharon Limpert	United States (MN)	2:49:04
1981	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (NV)	2:38:41
1982	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (NV)	2:12:43	2nd victory
1983	Sherry Ramsey	United States (CO)	2:27:07
1984	Sherry Ramsey	United States (CO)	2:56:51	2nd victory
1985	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (CA)	2:05:26	3rd victory
1986	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (CA)	2:09:28	4th victory
1987	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (CA)	2:19:55	5th victory
1988	Candace Cable-Brookes	United States (CA)	2:10:44	6th victory
1989	Connie Hansen	Denmark	1:50:06
1990	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:43:17
1991	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:42:42	2nd victory
1992	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:36:52	3rd victory
1993	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:34:50	4th victory
1994	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:34:22	5th victory
1995	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:40:42	6th victory
1996	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	1:52:56	7th victory
1997	Louise Sauvage	Australia	1:54:28
1998	Louise Sauvage	Australia	1:41:19	2nd victory
1999	Louise Sauvage	Australia	1:42:23	3rd victory
2000	Jean Driscoll	United States (IL)	2:00:52	8th victory
2001	Louise Sauvage	Australia	1:53:54	4th victory
2002	Edith Hunkeler	Switzerland	1:45:57
2003	Christina Ripp	United States (IL)	1:54:47
2004	Cheri Blauwet	United States (CA)	1:39:53
2005	Cheri Blauwet	United States (CA)	1:47:45	2nd victory
2006	Edith Hunkeler	Switzerland	1:43:42	2nd victory
2007	Wakako Tsuchida	Japan	1:53:30
2008	Wakako Tsuchida	Japan	1:48:32	2nd victory
2009	Wakako Tsuchida	Japan	1:54:37	3rd victory
2010	Wakako Tsuchida	Japan	1:43:32	4th victory
2011	Wakako Tsuchida	Japan	1:34:06	5th victory
2012	Shirley Reilly	United States (AZ)	1:37:36
2013	Tatyana McFadden	United States (MD)	1:45:25
2014	Tatyana McFadden	United States (MD)	1:35:06	2nd victory
2015	Tatyana McFadden	United States (MD)	1:52:54	3rd victory
2016	Tatyana McFadden	United States (MD)	1:42:16	4th victory

Victories by nationality

Country	Men's Open	Women's Open	Men's Wheelchair	Women's Wheelchair	Total
United States	45	15	12	28	100
Kenya	20	12	0	0	32
Canada	16	1	4	0	21
Japan	8	0	3	5	16
Switzerland	0	0	9	2	11
Ethiopia	6	5	0	0	11
South Africa	0	0	10	0	10
Finland	7	0	0	0	7
Germany	1	5[6]	0	0	6
Australia	1	0	0	4	5
Russia	0	4	0	0	4
France	0	0	3	0	3
New Zealand	1	2	0	0	3
Portugal	0	3	0	0	3
South Korea	3	0	0	0	3
United Kingdom	3	0	0	0	3
Belgium	2	0	0	0	2
Norway	0	2	0	0	2
Colombia	1	0	0	0	1
Denmark	0	0	0	1	1
Greece	1	0	0	0	1
Guatemala	1	0	0	0	1
Ireland	1	0	0	0	1
Italy	1	0	0	0	1
Poland	0	1	0	0	1
Sweden	1	0	0	0	1
Yugoslavia	1	0	0	0	1

Gallery

• Boston Marathon (Men)
• 

  Tom Longboat, winner of the 1907 Boston Marathon and a member of the Onondaga tribe of Native Americans/First Nations

• 

  Fred Cameron crossing the finish line at the 1910 Boston Marathon

• 

  Franz Nietlispach, five-time winner of the men's wheelchair division

• 

  Rodgers Rop, winner of the 2002 Boston Marathon, at the time the 12th Kenyan victory in 15 years

• 

  Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot in the 2006 Boston Marathon, where he set a new course record

• 

  Masazumi Soejima, winner of the 2007 wheelchair race

• 

  Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot in the 2008 Boston Marathon, where he won for the fourth time

• 

  Deriba Merga in the 2009 Boston Marathon near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot (not to be confused with previous winner Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot) in the 2010 Boston Marathon, near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Geoffrey Mutai in the Wellesley College "scream tunnel" (background), approaching the halfway point in the 2011 race

• 

  Masazumi Soejima, winner of the 2011 Boston Marathon (Men's wheelchair), near halfway point in Wellesley Square

• 

  Wesley Korir in 2012 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point in Wellesley College scream tunnel

• 

  Lelisa Desisa Benti, male winner of 2013 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point

• 

  Ernst Van Dyk 10 time men's wheelchair winner in the 2014 Boston Marathon near halfway point in Wellesley Square

• 

  Meb Keflezighi in 2014 Boston Marathon near halfway point in Wellesley Square

• 

  Berhanu Lemi, male winner of 2016 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point

• Boston Marathon (Women)
• 

  Russian Lidiya Grigoryeva on her way to winning the 2007 Boston Marathon

• 

  Kenyan Rita Jeptoo, winner of the 2006 Boston Marathon, in her unsuccessful attempt for a repeat win in the 2007 race

• 

  Dire Tune on the way to winning the 2008 Boston Marathon

• 

  Salina Kosgei on the way to winning the 2009 Boston Marathon, near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Teyba Erkesso on the way to winning the 2010 Boston Marathon, near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Caroline Kilel on the way to winning the 2011 Boston Marathon, near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Sharon Cherop on way to winning 2012 Boston Marathon near halfway point in Wellesley College scream tunnel

• 

  Rita Jeptoo, female winner of 2013 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point

• 

  Women's wheelchair winner, Tatyana McFadden in the 2014 Boston Marathon near halfway point in Wellesley

• 

  Caroline Rotich, female winner of 2015 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point

• 

  Atsede Baysa, female winner of 2016 Boston Marathon approaching halfway point

Notes

1. "Mutai wins Boston in world-record time: Kilel edges American in women’s race". Boston Herald. Associated Press. April 18, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2011. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
2. May, Peter (April 18, 2011). "Kenya’s Mutai Wins Boston in 2:03:02". The New York Times. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
3. Due to American involvement in World War I, the 1918 race was run as a 10-man relay for teams from military bases across the United States. The winner was the team from Camp Devens, Massachusetts.
4. The first 6 victories in the women's open division were unofficial until officially recognized in 1996.
5. Another runner, Rosie Ruiz, was originally declared the winner of the 1980 marathon. When it was determined that Ruiz cheated, Gareau was named the winner.
6. This includes two victories by West German athletes during the Cold War.

References

• "History". Boston Marathon. Boston Athletic Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
• "Past Champions". Boston Marathon. Boston Athletic Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-02-23.
• "Records". Boston Marathon. Boston Athletic Association. 2015. Retrieved 2015-02-23.