Bonino List
Bonino List Lista Bonino | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Leader | Emma Bonino |
| Founded | 1999 |
| Dissolved | 2005 |
| Preceded by | Pannella List |
| Succeeded by | Bonino-Pannella List |
| Newspaper | Radio Radicale (FM radio) |
| Ideology |
Liberalism Libertarianism Pro-Europeanism |
| European Parliament group | Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001) |
Bonino List (Italian: Lista Bonino) was a libertarian[1] electoral list in Italy active from 1999 to 2005. Named for Emma Bonino, a leading Radical who had been member of the European Commission from 1995 to 1999 (appointed by Silvio Berlusconi), after the unsuccessful "Emma for President" campaign, it was the successor of the Pannella List, active from 1992 to 1999.
In the 1999 European Parliament election the Bonino List, thanks to its standard-bearer's popularity and the massive use of commercials, won a surprising 8.5% of the vote and 7 MEPs (Emma Bonino, Marco Pannella, Benedetto Della Vedova, Marco Cappato, Olivier Dupuis, Maurizio Turco and Gianfranco Dell'Alba), thus becoming the fourth largest party in the country by European representation. The MEPs co-founded the Technical Group of Independents.[2]
The list, which gathered the support of disgruntled voters, women and young people, did particularly well in Northern Italy (13.2% in Piedmont, 11.6% in Lombardy, 11.9% in Veneto, 13.0% in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 10.8% in Liguria), where its proposed libertarian policies were very popular, especially among disappointed Lega Nord's supporters, while it did fairly worse in the conservative and statist South (below 4% in Basilicata, Calabria and Sicily).[3]
The list failed to join any electoral major electoral alliance both for the 2000 regional elections (in which Radical regional deputies were elected in Piedmont and Lombardy) and especially for 2001 general election. The Radicals thus returned to their traditional share of vote around 2%. This is what happened also in the 2004 European Parliament election, when only Bonino and Pannella were re-elected. Both MEPs joined the ALDE Group.[4]
In 2001 the Radicals re-organised themselves as a party for the first time since 1989, when the late Radical Party was transformed into the Transnational Radical Party. The "Bonino List" banner was used for the last time in 2004, as in 2005 the Radicals decided to join the centre-left coalition, by joining forces with the Italian Democratic Socialists in 2006 (through the Rose in the Fist) and with the Democratic Party in 2008.
References
- ↑ Delia Baldassarri (2013). The Simple Art of Voting: The Cognitive Shortcuts of Italian Voters. OUP USA. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-982824-1.
- ↑ Koen Lenaerts; Tim Corthaut (2004). "Judicial Review as a Contribution to the Development of European Constitutionalism". In Takis Tridimas; Paolisa Nebbia. European Union Law for the Twenty-first Century: Constitutional and public law external relations. Hart Publishing. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84113-456-7.
- ↑ http://elezionistorico.interno.it/area.php?tp=E&dt=13/06/1999
- ↑ David Judge; David Earnshaw (2008). The European Parliament, Second Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 128. ISBN 978-1-137-07775-2.