Listed buildings in Wrenbury cum Frith

Wrenbury Church Bridge over the Llangollen Canal is a grade-II*-listed lift bridge built by Thomas Telford.

Fourteen buildings and other structures in the English civil parish of Wrenbury cum Frith have been officially designated as listed buildings for their "special architectural and historic interest".^[1] Three of the listed buildings are classified as being in grade II* and the remainder in grade II; the parish has no grade-I-listed buildings.

Wrenbury cum Frith is in the Cheshire East division of the ceremonial county of Cheshire, situated on the Cheshire Plain. The River Weaver and the Llangollen Canal both cross the civil parish. Before the railway network reached the area, the canal was important for the transport of locally produced cheese and other dairy products from this dairy farming region to Chester, North Wales and the Midlands.^[2] Three timber canal lift bridges of the drawbridge type were constructed by Thomas Telford, probably in the 1790s, after his appointment as engineer to what was then known as the Ellesmere Canal.^[3] Two of the lift bridges are footbridges serving farms, which are still operated manually using the original counterweight system; they are listed at grade II*. The third, believed to be one of only two lift bridges of this type in the country to carry road traffic,^[4] has had a mechanical crank fitted. A fourth sandstone road bridge crosses the Weaver. A lock on the canal is also listed.

The village of Wrenbury is the only substantial settlement in the civil parish. Many of the listed buildings and structures in the civil parish are located within the conservation area that protects much of its centre and spreads north-west to beyond the canal.^[5] Five cluster around the village green and the adjacent parish church dedicated to St Margaret, the third grade-II*-listed structure. The church dates from the early 16th century and is the oldest listed structure in the civil parish. The four half-timbered "black and white" cottages to have listed status all date from the 17th century; this century accounts for half of the timber-framed buildings in Cheshire.^[6] The earliest are believed to be Elm House on the village green and a small cottage within the churchyard, thought to be a former almshouse and a schoolmaster's house associated with the free school founded in 1605, also located in the churchyard.^[7][8] Later listed buildings are built in brick, a reflection of the shift in domestic architecture from timber framing to brick construction, also observed in unlisted buildings. The most recent listed building is the village primary school of 1879, which is typical of the local schools built after the Education Act of 1870.^[9]

Listed buildings and structures

Grade	Criteria[1]
Grade II*	Particularly important buildings of more than special interest.
Grade II	Buildings of national importance and special interest.

Name	Image	Grade	Built	Location, OS Grid ref.[lower-alpha 1]	Description
Church of St Margaret		II*	1525 !early 16th century	Adjacent to Wrenbury village green SJ 59364 47768	St Margaret's is a parish church in red sandstone ashlar under a tile roof. The five-bay clerestoried nave and chancel have battlemented parapets. The west tower has battlements and pinnacles to its corners; an octagonal stair turret climbs to its roof.[10][11]
Wrenbury Church Bridge		II*	1790 !c.1790	Llangollen Canal, north of church SJ 59432 48070	Wrenbury Church Bridge (no. 19) is a single-span timber lift bridge by Thomas Telford. It is an accommodation bridge and also serves a public footpath. The bridge is lifted manually via a counterbalancing weight fixed to paired beams parallel to the bridge platform and attached to its free end with chains. Vertical beams support the structure, and the timberwork is strengthened with iron rods. Guards were installed in 1889.[12][13]
Wrenbury Frith Bridge		II*	1790 !c.1790	Llangollen Canal SJ 58440 47612	Wrenbury Frith Bridge (no. 21) is a single-span timber lift bridge by Thomas Telford. It is an accommodation bridge with no public right of way. The bridge is lifted manually via a counterbalancing weight fixed to paired beams parallel to the bridge platform and attached to its free end with chains. Vertical beams support the structure, and the timberwork is strengthened with iron rods. The bridge has no guard rails.[14]
Baddiley Lock Number 1		II	1805	Llangollen Canal, near Baddiley SJ 60758 49239	This canal lock, the first in a series of three, lies on the boundary with Baddiley. It was built by J. Fletcher for Thomas Telford in blue-and-red brick with stone dressings. The lower lock gates are double wooden mitre gates, replaced in 2011; the single upper gate is a metal replacement.[15][16][17]
Cottage in the churchyard of St Margaret		II	1600 !c.1600	Wrenbury churchyard SJ 59403 47767	Sometimes known as Churchyard Cottage, this small single-storey building is possibly a former almshouse and schoolmaster's house. It has a timber frame featuring small framing with brick infill. The asbestos tile roof replaces the original thatch. In 1997, it was restored for use as a holiday cottage.[7][8][18]
Elm House		II	1650 !17th century	Wrenbury village green SJ 59330 47680	Elm House is a large two-storey half-timbered cottage with a slate roof and a prominent brick chimney, placed asymmetrically. The timber frame features small framing with angle braces and has rendered brick infill. Restoration in the 1990s incorporated brick outbuildings to form an L-shape. The building was formerly used as a grocer's shop and is now a private dwelling.[7][19]
The Grange		II	1650 !17th century	Wrenbury Road, near station SJ 60087 46894	The Grange, formerly known as Smeaton Grange, is a half-timbered, two-storey farmhouse under a tiled roof. The timber frame features small framing which has been infilled with brick. The main face has a protruding gabled wing with a jettied first floor. A prominent brick chimney is placed asymmetrically.[20][21]
Hawk House		II	1725 !early 18th century	Nantwich Road, just off village green SJ 59478 47691	Hawk House is a whitewashed brick cottage of two storeys and four bays under a tiled roof, with three symmetrically placed brick chimneys. A central porch and a wing to the rear were added in the 19th century. Now a private dwelling, the building was once an inn, called the Hawk and later the Hawk and Buckle, and was also used as a butcher's shop.[22][23]
Pinsley Green Cottages		II	1675 !late 17th century	Pinsley Green SJ 58876 46798	Pinsley Green Cottages are a pair of terraced cottages, now a single house, with a tiled roof replacing the original thatch. The older northern cottage has a timber frame, featuring small framing with a middle rail and passing braces. The southern cottage dates from the mid 18th century and is built of rendered brick. There is a 20th-century extension to the rear.[24]
Railings, gates and gatepiers to churchyard of St Margaret		II	1825 !early 19th century	Between village green and churchyard SJ 59383 47718	These cast-iron railings and gates to the churchyard have a central double gate flanked with paired wicket gates. The four gatepiers have latticed sides and are topped with finials shaped like pinecones. The palings of the railings have arrowhead tops.[25]
School		II	1879	Nantwich Road SJ 59793 47539	Wrenbury School is an L-shaped single-storey primary school in red brick with blue-brick diapering and stone dressings. A wing protrudes on the left of the front face, with decorative timberwork to the gable and a triple arched window; the two large gables to the front face have similar timberwork and windows. A square bellcote stands in the angle of the L; it becomes circular above roof level and is topped with a weather vane. The adjacent chimney breast bears a circular stone date plaque. The building was extended in 1987.[9][26]
Starkey Farmhouse		II	1650 !17th century	Nantwich Road SJ 60626 49134	Starkey Farmhouse, also known as Gillys Farm, is a two-storey half-timbered former farmhouse with a shingle roof, which replaces the original thatch. The timber frame features small framing with angle braces, and has rendered brick infill. One gable is slightly jettied. A central wing at the rear dates from later in the 17th century and is also half-timbered; it has been further extended in the 20th century. The interior has paintings on either side of the fireplace, believed to date from before the Reformation and to show Saint Peter and Simon the Zealot.[27][28]
Wrenbury Bridge		II	1790 !c.1790	Llangollen Canal, at western edge of Wrenbury village SJ 58994 48043	Wrenbury Bridge (no. 20) is a single-span timber lift bridge by Thomas Telford, which carries Cholmondeley Road. A mechanical crank was fitted in the 20th century to operate the bridge. It was formerly lifted manually via a counterbalancing weight fixed to paired beams parallel to the bridge platform and attached to its free end with chains. Vertical beams support the structure, and the timberwork is strengthened with iron rods.[29]
Wrenbury Mill Bridge		II	1867 !mid/late 19th century	Wrenbury Road SJ 59994 47206	Wrenbury Mill Bridge is a single-span road bridge over the River Weaver in red sandstone ashlar, with a plain parapet.[30]

Notes and References

1. Sometimes known as OSGB36, the grid reference is based on the British national grid reference system used by the Ordnance Survey.

1. Listed Buildings, Historic England, retrieved 3 April 2015
2. Latham, pp. 115–116
3. Smiles, p. 151
4. Latham, p. 116
5. Cheshire East: Interactive Mapping: Wrenbury Conservation Area (accessed 30 November 2012)
6. McKenna p. 21
7. Latham, pp. 122–123
8. Latham, pp. 88–89
9. Latham, pp. 89–90
10. Historic England, "Church of St Margaret (1357455)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
11. Salter, Mark (1995), The Old Parish Churches of Cheshire, Malvern: Folly Publications, p. 82, ISBN 1-871731-23-2
12. Historic England, "Wrenbury Church Bridge (1357482)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
13. Access to Archives: Shropshire Archives 1873–1986, The National Archives, retrieved 5 December 2012
14. Historic England, "Wrenbury Frith Bridge (1357424)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
15. Historic England, "Llangollen Branch of Shropshire Union Canal, Baddiley Lock Number 1 (1138587)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
16. "Stoppage: Baddiley Lock No.1", Waterscape (Canal & River Trust), retrieved 30 November 2012
17. "Listed Building Consent for Proposed Replacement of Bottom End Mitre Timber Lock Gates", Planning Application Details (Cheshire East Council), retrieved 30 November 2012
18. Historic England, "Cottage in the churchyard of St Margaret (1066621)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
19. Historic England, "Elm House (1065951)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
20. Historic England, "The Grange (1138535)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
21. A. Bryant (1831), Map of the County Palatine of Chester from actual Survey, retrieved 8 December 2012
22. Historic England, "Hawk House (1357119)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
23. Latham pp. 95–96, 123–124
24. Historic England, "Pinsley Green Cottages (1138530)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
25. Historic England, "Railings, gates and gatepiers to churchyard of St Margaret (1066022)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
26. Historic England, "School (1066020)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
27. Historic England, "Starkey Farmhouse (1066021)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
28. Latham pp. 76–77
29. Historic England, "Wrenbury Bridge (1357425)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015
30. Historic England, "Wrenbury Mill Bridge (1066023)", National Heritage List for England, retrieved 3 April 2015

Sources

• Latham, Frank A. (ed.) Wrenbury and Marbury (The Local History Group; 1999)
• McKenna, Laurie. Timber Framed Buildings in Cheshire (Cheshire County Council; 1994) (ISBN 0-906765-16-1)
• Smiles, Samuel. The Life of Thomas Telford, Civil Engineer (John Murray; 1867)