Little Symphony No. 1 (Milhaud)

Little (Chamber) Symphony No. 1 (Milhaud) As the first of a collection of six “Little Symphonies,” Little (Chamber) Symphony No. 1 “Le Printemps” Op. 43 by Darius Milhaud is really only a symphony by name, due to the fact that its length is just a little bit over 3 minutes. This particular piece should not be confused with Milhaud's Symphony No. 1. The piece was composed in Rio de Janeiro in the year 1917. It first premiered in Rio de Janeiro in 1918, and was published by Universal in 1922.^[1] The influence of Brazilian culture, jazz, and polytonality is very clearly seen in his compositions, particularly this series of symphonies. According to Milhaud himself, he was quite attracted to the unusual quality of small groups of instruments, which is why he embarked on his series of Petites Symphonies.^[2] Due to the fact that he was living in Brazil, acting as assistant to the diplomat/poet Paul Claudel, at the time he wrote this first symphony some of the Brazilian influence can be viewed in his work.^[3] This first symphony was written for piccolo, flute, clarinet, oboe, harp, 2 violins, viola, and cello. Overall, this piece has a very simple melody, contains polytonal elements, and possesses a pastoral, folkish feeling throughout.^[4] The melodies and pitches evoke a light, airy feeling, such as that of the spring, thus alluding to the symphony's subtitle. Overall, although this chamber piece is scored for an odd mix of instruments, this quirky little symphony is surprisingly pleasing to the ear due to its jaunty, pastoral style and simple, lucid melodic lines.

Movement 1 (0:00-1:02) – This movement begins at a relaxed tempo, perhaps slightly less upbeat and allegro than other first movements to symphonies, such as Milhaud's Symphony No.1, or other symphonies in general. This basic analysis of this symphony is based on a recording by the Orchestra of Radio Luxembourg. The first movement has a very flowy, pastoral texture, with the harp playing a significant role. The harp could be compared to a trickling stream during the springtime, due to the numerous, continuous, thirty-second notes that at times were arpeggiated for the entirety of the movement. With the harp, the woodwinds tend to take control of the melody, whereas the strings involved do not play a significant role in this particular movement, as they only play basic quarter note and half note rhythms throughout. The cello has some pizzicato sections which adds nicely to the texture of the piece. Overall, the harmonies seem to be relatively simple, allowing the pastoral, folkish feeling shines through.

Movement 2 (1:04-2:23) – The tempo is noticeably slower for the second movement (typical of a second movement of any symphony) and the oboe takes control of the melody here. The strings also begin to creep in as the movement progresses and the overall dynamic is piano, with the oboe solo rising just above the rest of the orchestra. Milhaud wrote in the score that the strings should be muted, which adds a nice flavor to the overall mood and texture of the piece.

Movement 3 (2:25-3:25) – In this movement the tempo is a lively, jaunty allegro, and there are certain elements such as the harmonies that appear to be related to the first movement. The clarinet plays the largest role in this movement, since the clarinet plays the main melody throughout and doesn’t trade it off to any other instrument. The only other instruments that get a slight taste of a melodic line are the piccolo and flute at the very end of the piece for a mere four measures. The strings and other woodwinds add to the overall texture with their “filler notes,” such as the pizzicato and half and quarter notes being played in the strings, along with the harp and its steady sixteenth note arpeggios. The very end to this piece is almost abrupt, as the dynamic falls, the tempo slows, and there is a slight retard where the woodwinds quietly end the movement and entire symphony on a very light note indeed.

Recordings

A CD recording by the Orchestra of Radio Luxembourg, conducted by Darius Milhaud Recording by L’Ensemble Des Temps Modernes, conducted by Bernard Dekaise, recorded March 2, 1992 - March 4, 1992 in Conservatoire Royal de Liège CD recording by Villa Musica Ensemble, on Gramophone

References

1. Knopf, Alfred (1953). An Autobiography: Notes Without Music. New York. p. 328.
2. Milhaud, Darius (1987). My Happy Life. Great Britain and United States: Marion Boyars Publishers. pp. 72–73.
3. Keene, Ann. "American National Biography Online: Milhaud, Darius". American National Biography Online: Milhaud, Darius.
4. Salter, Lionel. "Milhaud Chamber Symphonies". Gramophone: The World's Best Classical Music Reviews. Retrieved October 4, 2015.