Little gull

Little gull
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Laridae
Genus:	Hydrocoloeus Kaup, 1829
Species:	H. minutus
Binomial name
Hydrocoloeus minutus (Pallas, 1776, rivers of Siberia)
Range of H. minutus
Synonyms
Larus minutus Pallas, 1776

The little gull (Hydrocoloeus minutus or Larus minutus), is a small gull that breeds in northern Europe and Asia. It also has small colonies in parts of southern Canada. It is migratory, wintering on coasts in western Europe, the Mediterranean and (in small numbers) the northeast USA; in recent years non-breeding birds have summered in western Europe in increasing numbers. As is the case with many gulls, it has traditionally been placed in the genus Larus. It is the only member of the genus Hydrocoloeus, although it has been suggested that Ross's gull also should be included in this genus.

This species breeds colonially on freshwater marshes, making a lined nest on the ground amongst vegetation. Normally 2–6 eggs are laid.

This is the smallest gull species, with a length of 25–30 cm (9.8–11.8 in), a wingspan of 61–78 cm (24–31 in), and a mass of 68–162 g (2.4–5.7 oz).^[2][3][4] It is pale grey in breeding plumage with a black hood, dark underwings and often a pinkish flush on the breast. In winter, the head goes white apart from a darker cap and eye-spot. The bill is thin and black and the legs dark red. The flight on rounded wings is somewhat tern-like.

Young birds have black markings on the head and upperparts, and "W" pattern across the wings. They take three years to reach maturity.

These gulls pick food off the water surface, and will also catch insects in the air like a black tern.

Gallery

• 

  Egg, Collection Museum Wiesbaden

• 

  Adult in winter plumage

• 

  Juvenile; Yyterin, Pori, Suomi - Finland

• 

  Adult Breeding plumage

• 

  Picking food from the water surface

References

1. Butchart, S.; Symes, A. (2012). "Hydrocoloeus minutus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) 2012: e.T22694469A38866773. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
2. Dunning, John B., Jr., ed. (1992). CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses. CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-4258-5.
3. Little gull media at ARKive
4. "Little gull". All About Birds. Cornell Lab of Ornithology.

• Olsen, Malling; Larsson, Klaus; Larsson, Hans (2004). Gulls of Europe, Asia and North America. ISBN 0-7136-7087-8.
• BOU Records Committee (November 2007). "British Ornithologists' Union Records Committee: 36th Report". Ibis 150: 218–220. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.2007.00792.x.
• Pons, J.M.; Hassanin, A.; Crochet, P.A. (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships within the Laridae (Charadriiformes: Aves) inferred from mitochondrial markers". Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 37 (3): 686–699. PMID 16054399.

External links

• BirdLife species factsheet for Hydrocoloeus minutus
• Hydrocoloeus minutus on Avibase
• Little gull videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
• Little gull photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
• Interactive range map of Hydrocoloeus minutus at IUCN Red List maps
• Audio recordings of Little gull on Xeno-canto.
• Hydrocoloeus minutus in the Flickr: Field Guide Birds of the World