Liu-Wang Liming

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Liu and Wang.
Liu-Wang Liming
Born Wang Liming
1897
Taihu County, Anhui province, China
Died 15 April 1970 (aged 72–73)
Shanghai, China
Spouse(s) Herman Chan-En Liu
Children Three; two sons and a daughter - Guangsheng (1924), Guanghua (1926), and a daughter Guangkun

Liu-Wang Liming (Chinese: 刘王立明; pinyin: Liù-Wáng Lìmíng; 1897 – 15 April 1970; née Wang Liming)[1] was a Chinese feminist, suffragette,[2][3] and the publisher of the Women's Voice, a biweekly magazine. She organized the Zhan'en Institute for Refugee Children and the Chinese Women's Friendship Association. She was also principal of the West China Women's Vocational School.[4]

A "rightist", she was persecuted by the communists for a long period for her leaning towards pacifists, campaigning until she died in prison in 1970. However, posthumously, in 1980, she was re-recognized by the Chinese Government for her contributions on women's issues.[4]

Early years

She was born in Taihu County, Anhui province. Her father, Wang Langzhong, was a Chinese doctor and he died when she was nine years old which put the family in a penurious state.[2] Her mother was president of an early Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) branch in China.[1][4] Though a Confucian, her mother sent her to the Become Beautiful Girls’ School (which was opened following American missionaries who had then founded the Taihu Gospel Church). She then moved to the Ruli Academy, a Methodist girls’ high school in Jiujiang, Jiangxi. She converted to Christianity.[2] At the age of 12, she unbound her feet, the first girl in her county to do so.[5] After graduation from Jiujiang Ruli Academy, she became a teacher at the school. Under the guidance of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), after obtaining a scholarship she moved to Illinois and studied biology at Northwestern University. She earned B.S. and M.S. degrees and met her future husband, Liu (Herman) Zhan'en, whom she knew from Jiujiang. She returned to China in 1920. He obtained his doctoral degree in education from the Columbia University, whereafter he came back to China and worked with the YMCA. She and Liu Zhan'en married 1 September 1922 after his graduation. They had three children two sons and a daughter- Guangsheng (1924), Guanghua (1926), and a daughter Guangkun (1928).[2] However, her husband Liu was assassinated in 1938, by the Japanese.[2]

Career

Upon returning to China, she served as a member of the Committee to Promote the National Assembly (1924). She was a founder of the Shanghai Women's Suffrage Association (1930s) and served as its chair.[5] She also served as the general secretary of the WCTU (Zhonghua Funü Jiezhihui) (1926–1950s).[4] She was one of the few female members of the People’s Political Council (PPC), a Nationalist group which promoted public support for the war effort. She successfully managed to get a guarantee written into the Double Fifth Constitution that women would have at least ten percent of the seats in the National Assembly.[2] However, her strong critique of the Nationalist war strategy resulted in her being expelled from the PPC in 1943.[2] Liming joined the Chinese Democratic League, which favoured democracy and socialism.

She organized the League for the Protection of Human Rights in 1946. She was elected to the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference's Second, Third, and Fourth National Committees; and represented China at the International Asian Women's Conference (1954). While attending as president of Zhonghua Funü Jiezhihui, she was elected vice-president of the WCTU Congress in West Germany (1956). Labeled a "rightist" in 1957, she was placed in jail in Shanghai for being an alleged spy of the CIA on 1 September 1966 as the Cultural Revolution broke out.[2] Liu-Wang died in a prison labour camp in Shanghai on 15 April 1970 at the age of 74, after serving three and a half years in prison.[6]

Partial works

References

  1. 1 2 Benedict, Carol Ann (2011). Golden-silk Smoke: A History of Tobacco in China, 1550-2010. University of California Press. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-0-520-26277-5. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Wang Liming (1896 ~ 1970)". Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Christianity. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
  3. ↑ Edwards, Louise P. (2008). Gender, politics, and democracy: women's suffrage in China. Stanford University Press. pp. 157–. ISBN 978-0-8047-5688-4. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers: A-L-v. 2. M-Z. ABC-CLIO. 2001. pp. 397–. ISBN 978-1-57607-101-4. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  5. 1 2 Wang, Zheng (1999). Women in the Chinese Enlightenment: Oral and Textual Histories. University of California Press. pp. 135–. ISBN 978-0-520-21350-0. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
  6. ↑ Lee, Lily Hsiao Hung; Stefanowska, Agnes D.; Wiles, Sue (2003). 中國婦女傳記詞典. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 376–. ISBN 978-0-7656-0798-0. Retrieved 26 April 2013.
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