Llantrisant

For other settlements in Wales with the same name, see Llantrisant, Monmouthshire and Llantrisant, Anglesey.
Llantrisant
Llantrisant
 Llantrisant shown within Rhondda Cynon Taf
Population 15,313 (2011)[1]
OS grid referenceST045835
CommunityLlantrisant
Principal areaRhondda Cynon Taf
Ceremonial countyMid Glamorgan
CountryWales
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post town PONTYCLUN
Postcode district CF72
Dialling code 01443
Police South Wales
Fire South Wales
Ambulance Welsh
EU Parliament Wales
UK ParliamentPontypridd
Welsh AssemblyPontypridd,
South Wales Central Electoral Region
List of places
UK
Wales
Rhondda Cynon Taf

Coordinates: 51°32′32″N 3°22′43″W / 51.54229°N 3.37849°W / 51.54229; -3.37849

Llantrisant ("Parish of the Three Saints") is a town in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf in Wales, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Wales, lying on the River Ely and the Afon Clun. The three saints of the city's name are SS. Illtyd, Gwynno, and Dyfodwg. Llantrisant is a hilltop settlement, at an altitude of 174 m (565 ft) above sea level. The town is home to the Royal Mint.

History

People have been living in and around Llantrisant for millennia. Two Bronze Age burial mounds are on Mynydd Garthmaelwg, the opposite side of the Ely Valley.[2][3] A 1.05 metres (3 ft) tall, by 1.68 metres (6 ft) wide, possibly Bronze Age, standing stone, was discovered in Miskin during excavations prior to the M4 motorway construction.[4] An Iron Age hillfort stands on Rhiwsaeson Hill. The enclosure, now known as Caerau Hillfort, measures 230 metres (755 ft) by 180 metres (591 ft).[5]

A settlement has existed on this site from at least the beginning of the 6th century, when the poet Aneurin wrote of 'the white houses of Glamorgan' when referring to Llantrisant.[6] It was seized around 1246 by Richard de Clare who built Llantrisant Castle. It is thought that de Clare established the borough of Llantrisant though the exact charter occurred in 1346.[7]

In 1346, Llantrisant was granted a Royal Charter months before the archers from the town helped Edward, the Black Prince, win a victory against the French army at the Battle of Crecy. The Llantrisant longbow men were pivotal in the adoption of the English longbow as the missile weapon of choice for the English crown during the Middle Ages.

Llantrisant was one of the eight boroughs constituting the Glamorgan borough following the Act of Union, a status it held until 1918.

Culture

An ancient tradition called the Beating the Bounds, where local children are bounced by elders on to the boundary stones of the old borough, still occurs every seven years and has its roots set as far back as the 14th century. The rite was intended as a reminder to each generation of the importance of the borough boundaries. The children in question are held under the arms and the legs, and their backside is bounced on each of the stones of the old borough. It is believed that the Beating of the Bounds started in 1346, when Llantrisant was awarded its Royal Charter. This allowed them the freedom to trade without paying tolls within the boundaries of the former borough. The last occasion of this event was in June 2010, but the event is now seen as a purely historic tradition and social community event.[8][9]

At nearby Tarren Deusant is a spring with unusual petrosomatoglyph carvings of two faces, two saints (1696), but now six are present (Sharp 1979).

Llantrisant is known for its pub culture with a number of venues including The New Inn, the Wheatsheaf and the Cross Keys Hotel. Formerly in the Bull Ring was the Rock and Fountain pub, which became the home of the original Llantrisant Workingmen's Club founded in May 1953 by Seth Morgan, Freeman of Llantrisant.

Notable buildings

The focal point of the town is the Bull Ring, a commercial square in the centre of the town that was used for bull-baiting, until it was disallowed in 1827 due to unruly crowds.[10] The square contains a statue of Dr William Price a pioneer of cremation.[7]

Model House

The first workhouse in Glamorgan opened in Llantrisant in May 1784, using a number of adapted cottages on Swan Street and part of the Black Cock pub on Yr Allt,[6] a road to the south west of the Bull Ring, between the parish church (to the west) and the castle (to the east).

The Union Workhouse was built in 1884 on the Bull Ring – west of where Dr Price's statue stands today and behind the town pump. It became known as The Model House, in the rather optimistic belief that its inmates would lead a life of model Christianity. Two pubs, a shop and a cottage were demolished to make way for the expansion of the workhouse.[10]

The building closed as a workhouse in the early 1900s and first became a boarding house, then an inn and later a general store, called County Stores. They were known as a cornflour and provisions merchant, and a linen and woolen drapers, also selling boots and shoes. The site was bought in the 1950s by 'Planet Gloves', who manufactured gloves there until the late 1960s. The Model House stood empty for many years before being bought by the local authority to convert into a craft and design centre.[11]

In 1989 the Model House re-opened as a craft and design centre. A registered charity, Model House was funded by the Arts Council of Wales[12] since the demise of the Arts Council of Great Britain in 1994, receiving about 35,000 visitors a year.[13] The ground floor contains galleries that include glass, ceramics and designer jewellery from established British and Welsh artists, as well as a local painter. The upper floors have workshops that are used by individual craftspeople, whose work can be purchased either from their studio or from the ground floor shop.[14] The Model House has a programme of art and crafts exhibitions throughout the year and hosts a varied series of workshops, where adults and children may learn the basics of a wide range of contemporary craft skills.[15]

The centre closed in December 2009 after the company which ran it, Model House Ltd, went into liquidation. The management of the building was taken over by Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council, who after tackling structural problems with the roof and outer walls reopened the centre in mid 2010.[16]

The remains of Llantrisant Castle

Llantrisant Castle

Llantrisant Castle stands in parkland in the centre of the town though only one wall of the raven tower remains. Although initially built as a wooden fortification it was rebuilt as a stone structure around 1246 by Richard de Clare, Lord of Glamorgan. In 1294 the castle was damaged during the uprising against the Norman overlords, led by Madog ap Llywelyn, and again in 1316 by Llywelyn Bren. It is believed that the castle was destroyed in 1404 by Owain Glyndŵr though there is no written proof of the event. John Leland reported the castle as ruined in his writings in 1536.[17]

The 15th century tower of The Church of the Three Saints, Llantrisant

Llantrisant Parish Church and Penuel Chapel

By the early 1900s Llantrisant had eight chapels, as well as the Llantrisant Parish Church[10] Only two religious buildings remain. The elder is the church of 'y tri sant'. The three saints to which the church is dedicated are St. Illtyd, St. Gwynno and St. Dyfodwg. The site is believed to have been a place of Christian worship since at least the 7th century, and in 1096 the parish church was built and dedicated. The church was rebuilt by Richard de Clare in 1246 in the Norman style[18] and in the 15th century the tower was added. Its interior houses an effigy of a 13th-century warrior, believed to be Cadwgan, lord of Miskin, a valuable Welsh church monument. The interior was restored in 1874 by Welsh neo-gothic designer John Prichard. The second religious building in Llantrisant is Tabor Baptist Chapel, built in 1828.

Y Billy Wynt

At the town's highest point is the remains of a 13th-century windmill – stone tower known locally as “Billy Wynt”. By the early 19th century the tower was in ruins and in 1893 it was restored as a folly.

Environment

Llantrisant is typical of most locations in the south Wales region, being home to typical upland habitat birds and mammals of the British Isles. The town also contains Llantrisant Common and Pastures, a 113 hectare Site of Special Scientific Interest, which is home to several rare plants.

Transport

Llantrisant is served by Pontyclun railway station three miles away, which was formerly known as Llantrisant railway station.[19] Trains run by Arriva Trains Wales call at the station.

Employment and economy

The town is the home of the Royal Mint, which manufactures all British coins. The Royal Mint transferred to Llantrisant in 1967[7] and its attractions include the Mint's museum. The Mint employs around 900 people.[20] Since 2013 a number of new independent retailers have successfully found a home in Llantrisant Town. In addition to the Bullring Stores, traditional toy shop, galleries and restaurants, Llantrisant now boasts a florist, local butcher, tailor and specialist patchwork and quilting shop. From March 2015 a new gallery and tea room is planned on the site of the old town library.

Education

The history of education in Llantrisant is firmly based in the varied religious institutions and Sunday School services which rapidly flourished between the 17th and 19th centuries. The Norman parish church was the starting point for the education movement, although it was one that would take a century or more to fully develop into a successful entity.

Sport and leisure

Sport flourished in Llantrisant for centuries and the remains of the ancient Fives Court of the 1790s, stands at the rear of the Workingmen's Club. Llantrisant is also known as the home of Llantrisant rugby union football club known locally as the Black Army.

Llantrisant Male Choir

The town is home to one of the very longest established male choirs in Wales. Established at least as early as 1898, the choir is a prolific touring choir having sung in the USA, Italy, Cyprus, Slovakia, Poland, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Spain. They travel extensively in the UK supporting charity events and singing at concert engagements. The choir has appeared at many notable venues, including The Royal Albert Hall, The Santa Maria Maggiore, Wales Millennium Centre and the Hollywood Bowl. The choir has a wide ranging membership drawn from all ages and social backgrounds. They sing a mix of music from traditional choral classics, Welsh hymns and modern pop music.

Notable people

See Category:People from Llantrisant

Freemen of Llantrisant

References

  1. ↑ "Town population 2011". Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  2. ↑ "East round barrow, the beacons, Mynydd Garthmaelwg". The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  3. ↑ "west round barrow, the beacons, Mynydd Garthmaelwg". The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  4. ↑ "Miskin Menhir, not in situ". The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 2014. Retrieved 12 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "Caerau Hillfort, Rhiwsaeson, Llantrisant". The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales website. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales. 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  6. 1 2 "Llantrisant timeline". Llantrisant Town Trust. Llantrisant freemen website. 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  7. 1 2 3 The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg507. ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6
  8. ↑ "Boys 'bounced' in bizarre tradition". BBC News. 7 June 2003. Retrieved 28 December 2012.
  9. ↑ "Beating the Bounds in Llantrisant to celebrate charter". BBC. 8 June 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
  10. 1 2 3 "Llantrisant timeline". Llantrisant Town Trust. Llantrisant freemen website. 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  11. ↑ "Destination RCT - The Model House". RCTCBC. Rhondda Cynon Taf CBC. 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  12. ↑ "The Arts Council of Wales 2006/07 Budget". The Arts Council of Wales. The Arts Council of Wales. 1 March 2006. Archived from the original on September 27, 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  13. ↑ "Exhibitions at the Model House Llantrisant". Vale Life. Vale Life. 2007/2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  14. ↑ "Model House". The Model House. The Model House. 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  15. ↑ "Model House exhibitions". The Model House. The Model House. 2008. Retrieved 30 August 2008.
  16. ↑ "Model House In Llantrisant To Reopen". BBC. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 23 February 2010.
  17. ↑ Llantrisant Timeline
  18. ↑ Parish of Llantrisant website
  19. ↑ Peter Hamnet (November 2011). Llantrisant Conservation Area Appraisal and Management Plan (PDF) (Report). Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council. p. 15. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  20. ↑ "About the Royal Mint". Royal Mint. Retrieved 24 February 2012.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, April 24, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.