Local hormone

Local hormones, by one definition, are biologically active polypeptides that are secreted by nerve cells and gland cells and act in a paracrine fashion but also enter the circulation. By another definition, local hormones are any hormones acting in a paracrine, autocrine, and/or intracrine manner.

Classification

According to structural and functional similarity, many local hormones fall into either the gastrin or the secretin family.

Gastrin family

Gastrin
Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Secretin family

Others

Cell physiology: Cell signaling / Signal transduction

Signaling pathways

Agents

Receptor ligands

Receptors

Second messenger

cAMP-dependent pathway Ca²⁺ signaling Lipid signaling

Assistants:	Signal transducing adaptor protein Scaffold protein

Transcription factors

By distance

Other concepts

Intracrine action
Neurocrine signaling
- Synaptic transmission
- Chemical synapse
Neuroendocrine signaling
Exocrine signalling
- Pheromones
Mechanotransduction
Phototransduction
Ion channel gating
Gap junction

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