Long Ashton Research Station
Long Ashton Research Station (LARS) was an agricultural and horticultural government research centre in the village of Long Ashton near Bristol, UK. It was created in 1903 to study and improve the West Country cider industry, expanded into fruit research (particularly apples, pears, plums, strawberries and blackcurrants), and was redirected in the 1980s to work on arable crops and aspects of botany. It closed in 2003.
History of LARS
Research on cider making began privately in 1893 at Robert Neville-Grenville's farm near Glastonbury.[1] This led to the formation of the National Fruit and Cider Institute in 1903 in fields south of the main road through Long Ashton.[2][3] Frederick Lloyd was appointed Director.
In 1912 the Institute became the University of Bristol's Department of Agricultural and Horticultural Research and its name was changed to Long Ashton Research Station.[4] Indeed, the Universities of Bath and Bristol ran Master of Science (MSc) courses at the research station for many years. The first purpose built laboratory, the Barker Laboratory, was ready for use in 1914.
Fenswood Farm on the north side of the road was bought by the University in 1920 to extend the space available for experiments, and in 1921 the Campden Research Station was taken under Long Ashton's management.
The British Government formed the Agricultural Research Council (ARC) in 1931 and this body was given a direct role in managing LARS. During World War II a home grown source of Vitamin C was needed and the blackcurrant drink Ribena was developed at Long Ashton.[4] A new Biology Laboratory was completed in 1948 and in 1952, although links with Campden Research Station ended, the ARC Unit of Plant Nutrition was set up at Long Ashton.
The Station's 50th year was celebrated by the publication of a book, Science and Fruit. The 1950s were a time of rapid expansion for Long Ashton with the opening of the Kearns and Hewitt Laboratories (1956) and the Wallace Laboratory, Refectory and Conference Room (1959). The first Long Ashton International Symposium was held in 1967.
1981 saw the disbandment of two of Long Ashton's major research divisions, the Pomology and Plant Breeding Division and the Food and Beverage Division. This action by the ARC was a severe blow to the Research Station and began a long period of structural change. The Hirst Laboratory was built in 1983 as part of the reorganisation process, and work on arable crops substantially replaced Long Ashton's long history of work on fruit and cider.
The Agricultural and Food Research Council (AFRC, previously ARC) closed other research sites including the Letcombe Laboratory (1985) and the Weed Research Organisation (1986) and their staff and programmes were moved to Long Ashton. With Rothamsted it became part of the Institute of Arable Crops Research (IACR) in 1986. Although the new Treharne Library and Fryer Laboratory were built in 1987, as a junior partner in IACR, Long Ashton was now vulnerable in the event of further restructuring.
The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC, formed from the previous AFRC in 1994) announced in 1999 that Long Ashton was to be closed.[5][6] The seventeenth and final Long Ashton International Symposium took place in 2002 and the Research Station was duly closed in 2003 having served agriculture and horticulture for exactly 100 years. Some of the remaining staff were moved to Rothamsted during Long Ashton's final years, providing some continuity with the programmes of work under way prior to closure. The site was sold and subsequently redeveloped for housing, employment space, community uses and playing fields.[7]
Long Ashton International Symposia
This series of international conferences was well respected and attended by scientists from every continent.
- 1967 – Recent aspects of nitrogen metabolism in plants
- 1969 – Physiology of tree crops
- 1971 – Fungal pathogenicity
- 1973 – Lactic acid bacteria in beverages and food
- 1975 – Environmental effects on crop physiology
- 1977 – Nitrogen assimilation of plants
- 1979 – Quality in stored and processed vegetables and fruit
- 1982 – Improving vegetatively propagated crops
- 1984 – Rational pesticide use
- 1986 – Hormone action in plant development — a critical appraisal
- 1989 – Herbicide resistance in weeds and crops
- 1991 – Transport and receptor proteins of plant membranes: molecular structure and function
- 1993 – Ecology and integrated farming systems
- 1995 – Plant roots — from cells to systems
- 1997 – Understanding pathosystems: a focus on Septoria
- 1999 – Biotechnology of cereals: tools, targets and triumphs
- 2002 – New frontiers in plant development: from genes to phenotype
Notable former staff
- John Pilkington Hudson – director, horticultural scientist
- H.G.H. Kearns – deputy director
- Lawrence Ogilvie – plant pathologist
- A.F. Parker-Rhodes – plant pathologist
- Ralph Louis Wain – agricultural chemist
References
- ↑ "Butleigh". Visit UK. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ↑ Grafton, Gillian. "A History of Apple Growing in the UK". The Real Cider and Perry Page. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ↑ Cutting, C.V. (1972). "The Real Cider and Perry Page". Nutrition & Food Science 72 (3): 11–13. doi:10.1108/eb058538#sthash.xh0rgRUI.dpuf.
- 1 2 "History". University of Bristol. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ↑ Loder, Natasha (1 October 1999). "Final harvest at Long Ashton". Times Higher Education.
- ↑ Burden, Kevin. "Long Ashton: the home of cider science". BBC. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- ↑ "Long Ashton Research Station, Bristol" (PDF). Alder King. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
- Ed. HM Anderson, JR Lenton, PR Shewry (2003). Long Ashton Research Station: One Hundred Years of Science in Support of Agriculture, University of Bristol. ISBN 0-906916-96-8
External links
- LARS Reunited: association for former employees and associates
Coordinates: 51°25′34″N 2°40′08″W / 51.4262°N 2.6688°W