Longjia people
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The Longjia (Chinese: 龙家; sometimes also known as the Nanjingren å—京人) are an unofficially recognized ethnic group of western Guizhou province, China. They are officially classified as Bai by the Chinese government.
Names
In Zhijin County, the Longjia people (autonym: Songnibao æ¾å°¼ä¿) are called Buwai 补外 by the Gelao, Siqie 斯切 (or Siye 斯业[1]) by the Miao, and Awupu é˜¿æ¦æ™® by the Yi (Zhijin County Almanac 1997:159). They are also called Guizou å½’èµ° by the Caijia.[1]
The Han Chinese call the Longjia by the following names (Zhijin County Almanac 1997).[2]
- Gou'er Longjia 狗耳龙家:[1] Dading 大定 (present-day Dafang), Anshun, and Kangzuosi åº·å·¦å¸ of Guangshun 广顺州 (present-day Changshun)
- Madeng Longjia 马镫龙家: in Dading 大定 (present-day Dafang), Zhenning
- Datou Longjia 大头龙家: in Puding, Zhenning
- Cengzhu Longjia 曾竹龙家: in Dafang
- Xiaotou Longjia å°å¤´é¾™å®¶
- Bai Longjia 白龙家[1]
Language
Distribution
There is a total of 2,000–4,000 Longjia people in Pu'an, Pingba, and Qingzhen counties, Guizhou, as well as Longlin County of Guangxi.[3][4] Within Bijie Prefecture, the Longjia are found in the counties of Bijie, Dafang, Zhijin, Qianxi, and Nayong.[5] The Xixiu District Gazetteer 安顺市志:西秀区志 (2007:110) reports an ethnic Bai (Longjia) population of 1,458 households or 6,562 persons.
Reported locations include:[1][6]
- Dafang County
- Baibu River 白布河 area (both sides)
- Wuxizhai, Xiaotun Township å°å±¯ä¹¡ä¹Œæºªå¯¨
- Tianzhai, Xiangshui Township 哿°´ä¹¡å¤©å¯¨
- Guomu, Lihua Township ç†åŒ–乡果木
- Yiduo, Guobao Township æžœå®ä¹¡ä»¥æœµ
- Qianxi County: Yuying 雨阴, Luhua 绿化, Longchang 龙场, Tianping 天åª, Huahuan 花缓, Huaxizhai 花溪寨
- Zhijin County: Daga 大嘎, Sanjia 三甲
- Nayong County: Jianxinhe 建新河, Yangchang 羊场, Dongguan 东关; Weixin 维新, Longchang 龙场, Zhikun 治昆[7]
- Anshun: Caiguan 蔡官, Huayan åŽä¸¥, Erpu 二铺, Jiuzhou æ—§å·ž, Shuangbao åŒå ¡ (in 35 natural villages, including Mutou 木头 and Taodui 讨兑 in the north; Ninggu å®è°·, Laotanghe è€å¡˜æ²³, Longga 陇嘎 in the central area; Xilong 西陇 and Zhemo Longtan è€…æ¨¡é¾™æ½ in the east)[8]
- Puding County: Jiangyi 讲义, Huangmao 黄毛; Tianba ç”°å of Gumao 谷毛[9]
- Bijie: Shuanghua åŒåŽ, Songlin æ¾æž—, Zhenxi 镇西
- Hezhang County: Wopicun çªçš®å¯¸
Population figures are as follows.[10]
- Guizhou (total): 78,192
- Dafang County: 24,790
- Qianxi County: 13,268
- Bijie: 12,847
- Zhijin County: 4,859
- Hezhang County: 7,352
- Nayong County: 3,942
- Qingzhen County: 3,135
- Shuicheng County: 2,936
- Anshun: 2,996
- Puding County: 857
- Weining County: 492
- Pingba County: 439
The Duan clan æ®µæ° of Dafang County, the Shang clan å°šæ° of Nayong County, and the Yang clan æ¨æ° of Pan County are officially classified as ethnic Bai, but belong to neither the Longjia nor Qixingmin groups (Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer 2002:690).
Historical distribution
According to the Guizhou Ethnic Gazetteer (2002:689), the Dading Gazetteer (大定府志) gave the following townships with Longjia residents during the late Qing Dynasty.
- Dafang County
- Baina District 百纳区: Sheba æ‘„å乡, Pengcheng 棚程乡
- Jichang District 鸡场区: Zaigong 在拱乡
- Lihua District 里化区: Lihua 里化镇, Xiaotun å°å±¯ä¹¡, Changchun 长春乡
- Machang District 马场区: Guobao æžœå®ä¹¡
- Pojiao District å¡è„šåŒº: Changchong 长冲乡
- Shuangshan District åŒå±±åŒº: Wenge æ–‡é˜ä¹¡, Maosu 毛粟乡
- Xiangshui District 哿°´åŒº: Dazhai 大寨乡, Baini 白泥乡, Dadao 大é“乡, Xiangshui 哿°´é•‡
- Daxi District 达溪区: Gaoshi 高视乡, Bazi åå乡
- Piaojing District 飘井区: Shangba 上å乡, Babao å…«å ¡ä¹¡, Guobang 果帮乡
- Changshi District 长石区: Zhangda å¼ å¤§ä¹¡, Longli 隆里乡, Guowa 果瓦乡
- Zhijin County
- Babu District å…«æ¥åŒº: Shagui 沙桂乡, Chadian 茶店乡
- Yinajia District 以那架区: Guoyong 果永乡
- Nayong County
- Longchang District 龙场区: Yangchang 羊场乡, Yindi 阴底乡
- Weixin District 维新区: Dongdi 董地乡, Dongguan 东关乡
- Zhikun District 治昆区: Jianxinhe 建新河乡
- Bijie
- Zhuchang District 朱昌区: Mulai 木æ¥ä¹¡, Shuanghua åŒåŽä¹¡
- Yachi District 鏿± 区: Baohe ä¿æ²³ä¹¡
- Jinsha County
- Anle District 安ä¹åŒº: Datian 大田乡
Dafang County
The Dafang County Almanac (1996:150-152) also reports Longjia people living in Dazhai 大寨 and Dadao å¤§é“ of Dafang County, with more than 2,000 living in each.[11] In Dafang County, villages that have between 1,000 - 2,000 Longjia people include Hegu 河谷, Bazi åå, Lihua 里/ç†åŒ–, Pengcheng é¹ç¨‹, Changshi 长石, Hetao æ ¸æ¡ƒ, Guobao æžœå®, Zhuchang ç 场, Xiangshuizhen 哿°´é•‡, Shangba 上å, and Zeji 则鸡. Longjia with the autonym Songlibao æ¾ç«‹ä¿ have also been reported in Jingzhu è†ç«¹æ‘ and Bayi å…«ä¸€æ‘ villages in Babao Township å…«å ¡ä¹¡, Dafang County.[12]
Other locations are Cuoba æ’®å, Pengcheng é¹ç¨‹, Changchun 长春, Baini 白泥, Guowa 果瓦, Shangba 上å, and Maopiao 毛票.[2]
Bijie County
The Bijie County Almanac (1996:143) reports the following locations of ethnic Longjia.
- Dazhai and Xiejiazhai of Shuanghua, Chahe Township 岔河镇åŒåŽå¤§å¯¨ã€è°¢å®¶å¯¨
- Songlinzhai and Xiaohe of Lishu Township æ¢¨æ ‘ä¹¡æ¾æž—寨ã€å°æ²³
- Dazhai, Zhenxi, Duipo Township 对å¡é•‡é•‡è¥¿å¤§å¯¨
- Caiguantun, Changchunbao Township é•¿æ˜¥å ¡é•‡è”¡å®˜å±¯
- Dazhai, Qingchang é’场大寨
- Zhaojiazhai, Bazhai 八寨乡赵家寨
- Datun, Yindi 阴底大屯
Ethnic townships
The Chinese government has designated the following 15 townships in Guizhou as ethnic Bai townships (白æ—乡).[13] It is not known which ones have ethnic Longjia populations.
- Shuicheng County 水城县
- Longchang 龙场苗æ—白æ—彿—乡
- Yingpan è¥ç›˜è‹—æ—彿—白æ—乡
- Pan County 盘县
- Jiuying æ—§è¥ç™½æ—彿—è‹—æ—乡
- Yangchang ç¾Šåœºå¸ƒä¾æ—白æ—è‹—æ—乡
- Bijie 毕节市
- Yindi é˜´åº•å½æ—è‹—æ—白æ—乡
- Qianxi åƒæºªå½æ—è‹—æ—白æ—乡
- Dafang County 大方县
- Xiangshui 哿°´ç™½æ—彿—仡佬æ—乡
- Sanyuan ä¸‰å…ƒå½æ—è‹—æ—白æ—乡
- Pudi æ™®åº•å½æ—è‹—æ—白æ—乡
- Hetao æ ¸æ¡ƒå½æ—白æ—乡
- Qianxi County 黔西县
- Luhua 绿化白æ—彿—乡
- Zhijin County 织金县
- Sanjia 三甲白æ—è‹—æ—乡
- Nayong County 纳é›åŽ¿
- Shedongguan åŽä¸œå…³å½æ—è‹—æ—白æ—乡
- Kunzhai 昆寨苗æ—彿—白æ—乡
- Hezhang County èµ«ç« åŽ¿
- Songlinpo æ¾æž—å¡ç™½æ—彿—è‹—æ—乡
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 "白æ—简介-undefined-金黔专题". Zt.gog.com.cn. 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- 1 2 gookbaby. ""å—京人"考æ®_新闻众评_天涯论å›". Bbs.tianya.cn. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer [贵州çœå¿—. æ°‘æ—å¿—] (2002). Guiyang: Guizhou Ethnic Publishing House [è²´å·žæ°‘æ—出版社].
- ↑ "Logjia" (PDF). Asiaharvest.org. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ Qianxi County Almanac (1990:147)
- ↑ "贵州旅游通". Gzlyt.com. 2010-03-18. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ Nayong County Almanac (1999:148)
- ↑ Anshun City Almanac (1995:297)
- ↑ Puding County Almanac (1999:185)
- ↑ "è´µå·žçœæ°‘æ—识别考察组赴云å—çœå¤§ç†ç™½æ—自治州考察报告 - 织金人民网 - Powered by Discuz!". Gzzjrmw.com. 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ Dafang County Almanac (1996:150-152)
- ↑ "è¯è¯´ç™½æ—". Gzjcdj.gov.cn. 2011-08-01. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- ↑ "¹óÖÃÃñ×å×ÔÖεط½¼°Ãñ×åÃçÃûµ¥_¹óÖÃÃ’Ã×å°É_°Ù¶ÈÌù°É". Tieba.baidu.com. 2011-05-30. Retrieved 2013-11-27.
- Tapp, Nicholas, Don Cohn, and Frances Wood. 2003. The tribal peoples of Southwest China: Chinese views of the other within. Bangkok: White Lotus Press. (See plates 5, 22, 32, and 47)
- Zhao Weifeng [èµµå«å³°]. 2011. History of the Bai people of Guizhou [贵州白æ—å²ç•¥]. Yinchuan, China: Ningxia People's Press [å®å¤äººæ°‘出版社]. ISBN 9787227046783