Lorenz Helmschmied

Lorenz Helmschmied
Born	circa 1450
Died	1515 Augsburg
Nationality	Germany

HJRK A 79 - Armour of Maximilian I, c. 1485

Lorenz Helmschmied or "Helmschmid" (active 1467-1515) was a German armorer and a member of the Helmschmied family of armourers from Augsburg. He was one of the primary armorers to the Habsburg court of the Holy Roman Emperors Frederick III and Maximilian I, and created some of the most technically innovative and artistically complex armors of the late-fifteenth and early-sixteenth centuries.

Lorenz was the son of the armorer Jörg Helmschmied, who was active in Augsburg from 1439.^[1] His brother, Jörg Helmschmied the Younger, was also a talented armorer active first in Augsburg, then in Vienna.^[2] Lorenz is documented as an apprentice armorer from 1469, and as a master in his own right from 1477. In that year, the Augsburg city tax records first alluded to his creation of expensive armors for the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III.^[3] During the 1480s, Lorenz created spectacular garnitures, or matching sets, of armor for Frederick and especially for his son, the future Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I. In February, 1480, then-Archduke Maximilian summoned the armorer to Ghent to serve him during his military campaigns in the Burgundian Netherlands; he remained in the Low Countries until May, 1481, and is mentioned in the Burgundian court records as "Leurens de Helmestede armurier demeurant en la ville de Hapsburg en Allemaigne." One of the garnitures that Lorenz created for Maximilian during this period is preserved in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, and another may be the elegant example of the attenuated "late-gothic" style of armor that is now in the collection of the Detroit Institute of Arts.^[4] In 1491, Lorenz was officially invested with the title and privileges of court armorer, which he held for the rest of his life alongside the Innsbruck armorer, Conrad Seusenhofer. Many of the exceptional armors created by the Helmschmied workshop during Lorenz's lifetime, which include protections for both man and horse as well as specialized types of plate for tournament and field combat, remained in Habsburg imperial armories and can be seen today in the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna and the Royal Armoury of Madrid.

Lorenz's son, Kolman Helmschmied, worked alongside him from 1492, and took control of the Helmschmied workshop after his father's death in 1515. Lorenz's grandson, Desiderius Kolman Helmschmied was also an important armorer to aristocratic patrons throughout Europe into the late-sixteenth century.^[3][5]

References

1. Freiherr von Reitzenstein, Alexander. "Der Augsburger Plattnersipper der Helmschmied." Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst 2, no. 3 (1951), 180.
2. Thomas, Bruno. "Jörg Helmschmid d.J.--Plattner von Maximilians I. in Augsburg und Wien." Jahrbuch der Kunsthistorischen Sammlungen in Wien 52 (1956)
3. Lorenz Helmschmied Augsburg Stadtsarchiv; Freiherr von Reitzenstein, 180.
4. http://www.dia.org/object-info/5ad8efaf-dc4c-4428-a444-ad0fb7fa5f80.aspx?position=3
5. Freiherr von Reitzenstein, Alexander. "Der Augsburger Plattnersipper der Helmschmied." Münchner Jahrbuch der Bildenden Kunst 2, no. 3 (1951), 179-195; Breiding, Dirk H. "Famous Makers and European Centers of Arms and Armor Production". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/make/hd_make.htm (October 2002)