Lower extremity of tibia

Lower extremity of tibia
Lower extremity of tibia seen from the front
Lower extremity of tibia seen from the back
Details
Identifiers
Latin	Extremitas distalis tibiae
FMA	33116
*Anatomical terms of bone* [edit on Wikidata]

The lower extremity of the tibia, much smaller than the upper extremity of tibia, presents five surfaces; it is prolonged downward on its medial side as a strong process, the medial malleolus.

Surfaces

The inferior articular surface is quadrilateral, and smooth for articulation with the talus. It is concave from before backward, broader in front than behind, and traversed from before backward by a slight elevation, separating two depressions. It is continuous with that on the medial malleolus.

The anterior surface of the lower extremity is smooth and rounded above, and covered by the tendons of the Extensor muscles; its lower margin presents a rough transverse depression for the attachment of the articular capsule of the ankle-joint.

The posterior surface is traversed by a shallow groove directed obliquely downward and medialward, continuous with a similar groove on the posterior surface of the talus and serving for the passage of the tendon of the Flexor hallucis longus.

The lateral surface presents a triangular rough depression for the attachment of the inferior interosseous ligament connecting it with the fibula; the lower part of this depression is smooth, covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and articulates with the fibula. The surface is bounded by two prominent borders (the anterior and posterior colliculi), continuous above with the interosseous crest; they afford attachment to the anterior and posterior ligaments of the lateral malleolus.

The medial surface -- see medial malleolus for details.

Fractures

Ankle fractures of the tibia have several classification systems based on location or mechanism:

Medial malleolus - Herscovici classification
Posterior malleolus - Haruguchi classification
Mechanism - Lauge-Hansen classification

Additional Images

Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection
Ankle joint. Deep dissection. Anterior view
Bones of the right leg. Anterior surface
Bones of the right leg. Posterior surface
Dorsum of Foot. Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.
Ankle joint. Deep dissection.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

Bones of the human leg

Femur

upper extremity	head fovea neck greater trochanter fossa lesser trochanter intertrochanteric line intertrochanteric crest quadrate tubercle

body	linea aspera gluteal tuberosity / third trochanter pectineal line

lower extremity	adductor tubercle patellar surface epicondyles lateral medial condyles lateral medial intercondylar fossa

Tibia

upper extremity	Gerdy's tubercle condyles lateral medial intercondylar area posterior anterior intercondylar eminence lateral tubercle medial tubercle

body	tuberosity soleal line

lower extremity	medial malleolus Anterior colliculus Posterior colliculus fibular notch

Fibula

lateral malleolus

Other

patella
- apex

Foot

Tarsus	calcaneus sustentaculum tali calcaneal tubercle talus navicular cuboid cuneiform medial intermediate lateral

Metatarsals	1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th

Other	Phalanges

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