Huchuquan

Huchuquan
Traditional Chinese 呼廚泉
Simplified Chinese 呼厨泉

Huchuquan was the elected Chanyu (r. 195-216) of the southern Xiongnu during the late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history.[1] Huchuquan was a younger brother of the puppet Yufuluo (who was in exile). He also was appointed to the Chanyu position by the Han imperial court following the slaying of their father Qiangqui, also a Han appointee from an ineligible succession line.

History

In 188, the Han imperial court attempted to appoint an ineligible noble for the crown of Western Jükü-Prince Yufuluo.[2] The southern Xiongnu dissented, electing a lawful alternate, Hyuibu Gudu-heu. After his death the Han elected Huchuquan. The southern Xiongnu were a branch of the eastern Xiongnu that followed a rebellious pretender Huhanye and in 51-53 BC moved en masse within Han borders under Chinese protection. Since the times of Huhanye Chanyu, the status of the southern Xiongnu were loyal allies; the southern Xiongnu enjoyed material support of the old heqin treaty, and in return guarded the Chinese northern borders and participated in external and internecine conflicts as long as the Chinese imperial court respected their independence. . Bichurin noted that Huchuquan was both a younger brother of Yufuluo (on his father's side), and his grandfather (on his mother's side), possibly implying seniority in the line of succession.[3]

During the tumultuous period between 189 and 215, Huchuquan was outside the interest of the Chinese annals. Nothing is known about the life and events of the southern Xiongnu, who numbered in excess of 100,000. In compliance with treaties, a cavalry division headed by Western Jükü-Prince Kyuibi served as bodyguard troops for the nominal Chinese emperor, who was a hostage of various warlords vying to rule in his name. However, with the consolidation of the Western Han Dynasty and the emperor's return to Luoyang, the Chinese imperial court attempted to assert control over the Southern Han. In 215. Huchuquan was invited to meet the chancellor Cao Cao, but was detained, stripped of royal status, and replaced with a puppet Chanyu, the Western Jükü-Prince Kyuibi, from an ineligible line. By that time, the Western Jükü-Prince Kyuibi was released from guardianship duty and returned to his horde in Pingyang to rule the five remaining southern Xiongnu tribes, a far cry from the 80 tribes that sought safety in China in 50's BC.[3] Nothing is known about the fate of the Southern Ha who deposed the last sovereign Huchuquan.

At one time Huchuquan decided to visit Cao Cao with one of his subordinates, and was treated as an honored guest. After the Han Dynasty ended, Cao Pi founded the state of Cao Wei in 220 and Huchuquan sent many gifts to congratulate him.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Grousset, Rene (1970). The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-8135-1304-9.
  2. ↑ Bichurin 1851, p. 146.
  3. 1 2 Bichurin 1851, p. 147.

Sources

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