Luis H. Salgado
Luis Humberto Salgado (Cayambe 1903 - Quito 1977) was an Ecuadorian composer. He was regarded as one of the most influential and prolific composers of his country.
Biography
He was taught by his father, the composer Francisco Salgado, a former student of the Italian composer Domenico Brescia (who championed Nationalism[1] in Chile and Ecuador before permanently settling down in the USA. Luis Salgado himself was never a student of Brescia's.
During the 1920s, Luis Humberto Salgado made a living as a pianist for silent movies in Quito.[2] He later he worked as a critic, teacher, choir and orchestra conductor. He also acted as director of the Conservatorio Nacional de Música.
In his essay Música vernácula ecuatoriana (Microestudio), published in 1952 by Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana, he expresses his thoughts about the creation of a national form. For example he replaced the classical symphonic pattern (Allegro - Larghetto - Allegretto Scherzo - Allegro Vivace) with a sequence of Ecuadorian folk dances:
- Ecuadorian Symphony
- I Sanjuanito
- II Yaraví
- III Danzante
- IV Albazo, Aire típico or Alza[3]
"Luis Humberto Salgado was the leading figure of his generation. His symphonic suite Atahualpa (1933), his Suite coreográfica (1946), the ballets El amaño (1947), and El Dios Tumbal (1952) and other works show strong nationalistic feeling. Salgado also wrote two operas, Cumandá (1940, rev. 1954); Eunice (1956-7) that were never produced. Salgado was not an exclusively nationalist composer, as the varied style of his eight symphonies shows. In his later years, he even relied on atonality and tried his hand at 12-note composition"[4]
Though only two of his operas are mentioned in most music literature, he composed another two, together with nine symphonies, several concertos, several ballets. "Salgado was a prolific composer".[5] He was both a nationalist and a modernist composer. As early as 1944, he wrote Sanjuanito Futurista for piano, using the rhythm of a traditional Ecuadorian dance within the dodecaphonic writing. He was in his early forties when he started experimenting with new techniques but was not acknowledged as a modernist until later in his life.
Compositions
| Year | Work | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 1933 | Atahualpa o el ocaso de un Imperio (symphonic band) | orchestra |
| 1934 | Ensueño de amor | operetta |
| 1936 | Canto de Libertad | ballet |
| 1937 | Andante for violin & orchestra | orchestra |
| 1940 (rev. 1954) | Cumandá | opera |
| 1941 | La consagración de las vírgenes del Sol - Concerto for piano & orchestra | orchestra |
| 1944 | Sanjuanito Futurista (micro dance for piano) | solo (piano) |
| 1944 | Cantata amerindia | vocal |
| 1945 | Alma nativa | vocal |
| 1947 | El Páramo (Preludio Andino-Ecuatoriano) | |
| 1947 | Alejandría la pagana, melodrama | orchestra |
| 1946 | Suite Coregráfica | ballet |
| 1947 | El Amaño | ballet |
| 1947 | Qué lindo es el cariño (sanjuanito) | song |
| 1947 | Quiteño de Quito' (pasacalle) | song |
| 1948 | Concierto fantasía en estilo nacional for piano & orchestra | orchestra |
| 1948 | Variaciones en estilo folclórico | orchestra |
| 1949 | Día de Corpus | opera-ballet |
| 1949 | First Symphony, "Andina" in G minor (revised in 1972 and renamed Sinfonía de Ritmos Vernaculares) | orchestra |
| 1949 | Sismo (symphonic poem) | orchestra |
| 1950 | Pieza característica | orchestra |
| 1952 | El Dios Tumbal | ballet |
| 1953 | Concierto para violín y orquesta in E Major | orchestra |
| 1953 | Second Symphony, "Sintética N. 1", in D minor | orchestra |
| 1955 | Third Symphony, "Sobre un Tema Rococó: A-D-H-G-E", in D Major | orchestra |
| 1957 | Fourth Symphony, "Ecuatoriana", in D Major | orchestra |
| 1957 | Eunice | opera |
| 1958 | Fifth Symphony, "Neo-Romántica" | orchestra |
| 1959 | Homenaje a la danza criolla (symphonic poem) | orchestra |
| 1961 | Aidita | vocal |
| 1961 | El Centurión | opera |
| 1963 | Concierto para piano y obligado de arpa | orchestra |
| 1966 | Misa Solemne en Re Mayor (in five movements) | choir & orchestra |
| 1966 | Misa Solemne (in four movements | choir & orchestra |
| 1968 | Sixth Symphony, Para cuerdas y timbales | orchestra |
| 1968 | Concierto para corno y orquesta | orchestra |
| 1969 | Suite ecuatoriana | orchestra |
| 1969 | Ferviente anhelo (pasillo) | song |
| 1970 | Seventh Symphony, dedicated to Beethoven, in E minor | orchestra |
| 1971 | El Tribuno | opera |
| 1972 | Eighth Symphony, in E minor, dedicated to the Sesquicentenario de la Batalla de Pichincha | orchestra |
| 1975 | Concierto para violoncello y orquesta | orchestra |
| 1976 | Concierto ecuatoriano para guitarra y orquesta | orchestra |
| 1977 | Ninth Symphony, "Sintética N. 2", in D Major | orchestra |
Discography
- Rapsodia N 3 (Luis Humberto Salgado)
- Brindis por la peaña (alza) (Luis Humberto Salgado)
- Nocturnal (pasillo) (Luis Humberto Salgado)
- Other works by: Gerardo Guevara, Corsino Duran, Claudio Aizaga, Juan Pablo Muñoz Sanz
Souvenir de l'Amérique du Sud (CD) (piano, Marcelo Ortiz, works by: Gerardo Guevara, Sixto María Durán and Miguel Ángel Casares)
- I. Amanecer de trasnochada (pasillo) - Luis H. Salgado
- Brindis al pasado (pasillo) - Luis H. Salgado
- II. Romance nativo (sanjuanito) - Luis H. Salgado
- VI. Nocturnal (pasillo) - Luis H. Salgado
References
- Apel, Willi. Harvard Dictionary of Music, Harvard University Press, 1969, p. 253.
- Béhague, Gerard. 2001. "Ecuador. Art Music". New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition, edited by Stanley Sadie and John Tyrrell. London: Macmillan Publishers; New York: Grove's Dictionaries of Music.
- Bull, Storm Index to biographies of contemporary composers. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1964, p. 405
- Composers of the Americas Biographical data and catalog of their works Volume 4. Washington, D.C.: Secretaria General, organizacion de los Estados Americanos, 1958.
- Chronological catalog of the works of the Ecuadorian composer Luis H. Salgado Boletin interam. mus., no.1 (Sep 1957), p. 45-50
- Diccionario de la música española e hispanoamericana (DMEH). Published by Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE) and Instituto Nacional de las Artes Escénicas y de la Música (INAEM) from the Spanish Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte.
- Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo. In: Diccionario Biográfico del Ecuador, Guayaquil 1987.
- Robijns, Jozef; Zijlstra, Miep. Algemene muziek encyclopedie hoofdred., J. Robijns en Miep Zijlstra. Haarlem: De Haan, [1979]-1984
- Rosner, Helmut; Bulling, Burchard; Frank, Paul; Noetzel, Florian. Kurzgefasstes Tonkunstler Lexikon Fortfuhrt von Burchard Bulling, Florian Noetzel, Helmut Rosner Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1974. Note: Zweiter Teil: Erganzungen und Erweiterungen seit 1937
- Slonimsky, Nicolas. Music of Latin America. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1945, p. 374.
- Walker, John L. "The Younger Generation of Ecuadorian Composers", Latin American Music Review" University of Texas- Volumen 22, Número 2, Fall 2001.
- Morris, Mark. The Pimlico Dictionary of Twentieth Century Composers. Pimlico, 1999.
- Stevenson, Robert. "Quito". The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, second edition.
Writings
- Salgado, Luis H. Música vernácula ecuatoriana (Microestudio), published in 1952 by Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana
- Salgado, Luis H. Proyecciones de la música contemporánea, published in September 1960 by Ritmo, Madrid, Spain.
Bibliography
- Opus, no. 31. Issue dedicated to Luis H. Salgado. Edited by Arturo Rodas. Central Bank of Ecuador . Quito, January 1989.
- Luis H. Salgado in Grandes Compositores Ecuatorianos, edited by Pablo Guerrero G. CONMUSICA. Quito. January 2001.
- Wong Cruz, Ketty. Luis H. Salgado, un Quijote de la música. Central Bank of Ecuador & Casa de la Cultura Ecuatoriana Benjamín Carrión. 2004. ISBN 9978-62-315-9
Notes
External links
- Edufuturo In Spanish
- Museos y Biblioteca Virtuales Central Bank of Ecuador
- 20th-century composers by birth date
- List of symphony composers
- La Música en el Ecuador Mario Godoy Aguirre
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