Lutra

Lutra
Lutra lutra
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Mustelidae
Subfamily:	Lutrinae
Genus:	Lutra Brünnich, 1771
Species
Lutra lutra Lutra nippon Lutra sumatrana
Lutra ranges

Lutra is a genus of otters, one of seven in the subfamily Lutrinae.

Taxonomy and evolution

The genus includes these living species:

• L. lutra – European otter
• L. sumatrana – hairy-nosed otter
• L. nippon – Japanese otter - recently extinct

The genus most likely evolved in Asia during the late Pliocene epoch;^[1] the oldest fossil belonging to the genus is of the species L. palaeindica, and dates from the late Pliocene.^[2]

Habitat

Lutra species are semiaquatic mammals, so are well-adapted to both water and land. They prefer shallow, narrow areas of streams surrounded by mature trees and with rocks, especially where weirs reduce the flow of the water, as well as attract fishes. They seem to tolerate roads and residential and agricultural areas, but only moderate human interaction. They clearly avoid areas without vegetation cover and rocks.^[3]

Diet

The otters' diets consist mainly of fish (hence, the aquatic environment). However, during the winter and in colder environments, fish consumption is significantly lower and the otters use other resources for their food supply. Their diets can consist of amphibians (mainly frogs and pond turtles), bird predation (mainly anserine species), small rodents, and invertebrates such as water beetles, snails, and crayfish. They have also feed on plants, specifically grasses. With this large diversity of prey and resources for their diets, otters are considered "opportunistic eaters".^[4]

Behavior

Some otters live in solitude, while others live in groups.

References

1. Koepfli, K-P.; et al. (2008). "Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation". BMC Biology 6 (10). doi:10.1186/1741-7007-6-10. PMC 2276185. PMID 18275614.
2. Larivière, S. (2002). "Lutra maculicollis". Mammalian Species: Number 712: pp. 1–6. doi:10.1644/1545-1410(2002)712<0001:LM>2.0.CO;2.
3. Cho, Hee-Sun; Choi, Kwang-Hee; Lee, Sang-Don; Park, Young-Seuk (2009). "Characterizing habitat preference of Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra) in streams using a self-organizing map". Limnology 10 (3): 203. doi:10.1007/s10201-009-0275-7.
4. Lanszki, József, Molnár, M. and Molnár,　T. (2006). "Factors affecting the predation of otter (Lutra lutra) on European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)". Journal of Zoology 270 (2): 219. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.2006.00132.x.