Lyra Belacqua

Lyra Belacqua / Lyra Silvertongue
First appearance	Northern Lights/The Golden Compass
Last appearance	Lyra's Oxford
Created by	Philip Pullman
Portrayed by	Jo Wyatt, Elaine Symons, Anna Maxwell Martin, Lulu Popplewell, Dakota Blue Richards
Information
Gender	Female
Family	Lord Asriel (father) Marisa Coulter (mother)
Significant other(s)	Falls in love with Will Parry, Pantalaimon, her Dæmon
Nationality	From 'Brytain', which shares many characteristics with Britain
Age	12 to 13 through the main trilogy, 15 in Lyra's Oxford
Special gifts	Ability to read the alethiometer and to lie convincingly

Lyra Belacqua /ˈlaɪrə bəˈlɑːkwə/, also known as Lyra Silvertongue, is the heroine of Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials trilogy. Lyra is a young girl who inhabits a universe parallel to our own. Brought up in the cloistered world of Jordan College, Oxford, she finds herself embroiled in a cosmic war between Lord Asriel on the one side, and the first angel to come into being, called The Authority, and his Regent, called Metatron, on the other.

Background and life

Lyra Belacqua, aged twelve at the beginning of the trilogy, is the daughter of Lord Asriel and Marisa Coulter in a fictional Oxford, similar to our own. She was brought up at Jordan College, where the scholars, professors and servants treat her as an adopted daughter. She was raised believing that her parents had died in an airship crash, and that Lord Asriel was her uncle, and later learned the truth from John Faa, leader of the Gyptians. Lyra spends much of her time socializing with other children of the city, sometimes harmoniously, frequently mock-violently, and often in order to avoid schoolwork. Her closest friend among the other children is a Jordan kitchen boy named Roger Parslow, who disappears early in Northern Lights. The search to find Roger, and other children, is Lyra's motivation throughout much of Northern Lights.

Lyra is portrayed as dirty-blond-haired, with pale-blue eyes, thin, and short for her age. Lyra is unruly and tomboyish and her complete disregard for her appearance and personal hygiene exasperates her adult carers. She receives a scant and haphazard education at the hands of Jordan scholars, being neither interested in study nor officially a student of the college. However, she is highly intelligent, and is particularly talented at deceiving others; she is capable of making up complex yet plausible lies on the spur of the moment. Initially she uses this talent to avoid punishment by her guardians, and to entertain and deceive other children, but later in the series employs it to save her own life and the lives of others. She deceives Iofur Raknison, king of the panserbjørne ("armored bears" in Scandinavian languages) of Svalbard, by suggesting that she can get him a dæmon. Tricking a panserbjørn was a feat that her friend Iorek Byrnison had believed to be impossible for a human, and her success prompts Iorek to informally christen her "Silvertongue," which she adopts as a surname thereafter.

Lyra's original surname, Belacqua, is the name of a character in Dante's Divine Comedy, a soul in the ante-purgatory, representing those who wait until the last opportunity before turning to God.^[1] The mood in the ante-purgatory is said to be one of helplessness, nostalgia and yearning — Belacqua and the other souls in ante-purgatory are caught between two worlds and lack clear understanding of themselves.^[2] Whether this has any connection to Lyra, is not known.

Pantalaimon

Lyra's dæmon, Pantalaimon /ˌpæntəˈlaɪmən/, is her dearest companion, whom she calls 'Pan'. In common with all dæmons of children, he can take any animal form he pleases; he first appears in the story as a dark brown moth. His name is that of a saint in the Orthodox churches, St. Panteleimon, and in Greek means "all-compassionate". He changes into many forms throughout the series, ranging from a dragon to an eagle, but his favourite forms are a snow-white ermine, a moth, a wildcat, and a mouse. He is portrayed as a cautious and level-headed counterpoint to Lyra's impulsive, inquisitive, and sometimes reckless character.

Lyra must separate from Pantalaimon when she enters the Land of the Dead in The Amber Spyglass, causing extreme pain to both of them; Pantalaimon avoids Lyra for a while afterwards. However, surviving this separation allows the two to move great distances from one another, an ability only witches and shamans generally possess in her world. At the end of the trilogy, as Lyra is entering adulthood, Pantalaimon finds his final form when Will Parry touches him, a beautiful pine marten, red-gold in colour.

Role

In the first novel of His Dark Materials, Northern Lights (known in some countries as The Golden Compass), Serafina Pekkala tells of the prophecy of a girl who is "destined to bring about the end of destiny". The witches' prophecy states that this girl will be able pick the "correct" cloud-pine branch out of several, as indeed Lyra does. It transpires that Lyra's destiny is to be the second Eve and fall into the temptation of the serpent, represented by Mary Malone. Will Parry and the Dust in the abyss are corrected, and the universes start to work in harmony. However, in order to ensure the stability of the universes and protect people from the creation of Spectres, Will and Lyra must close all of the inter-world windows with the help of angels and keep them closed forever - and since their dæmons cannot live outside of their own birth worlds, they must part forever. Despite this, however, they decide to sit on the same bench, next to each other, each year for an hour at noon on Midsummer's Day, in the Botanic Gardens in their separate Oxfords - so that they might feel themselves to be in each other's presence. She fulfills her destiny to "bring an end to death" by leading the ghosts out of the world of the dead.

In the most recent edition of The Amber Spyglass released in the UK, the post-script 'Lantern Slides' section shows Lyra studying the alethiometer with Pantalaimon at age 18. She is excited to start picking up on a pattern in the readings, and Pullman tells us that this discovery of a pattern is the "second thing she said to Will next day in the Botanic Garden", implying that the next day was Midsummer's Day, when she and Will would be sitting on the same bench in their separate worlds.^[3]

Letters written by Lyra included in the companion book Once Upon a Time in the North reveal that Lyra is researching her dissertation for a M. Phil in Economic History, indicating her to be continuing to study during her twenties. The title of her dissertation is 'Developments of patterns of trade in the European Arctic region with particular reference to independent balloon carriage (1950–1970)'. In the first letter, Lyra also mentions that she is continuing to study the alethiometer. Once she finishes her studies, she will be able to read the alethiometer not with grace, as she used to, but with certainty and knowledge.

In other media

Dakota Blue Richards portrayed Lyra in 2007.

In the 1999 unabridged audio production, Lyra was performed by the voice-over actress Jo Wyatt (as Joanna Wyatt).^[4]

In a 2003 BBC radio adaptation, Lyra was voiced by child actress Lulu Popplewell.^[5]

The National Theatre in London staged a two-part, six-hour-long adaptation of the novels. The production ran twice, in 2003 and 2004. Lyra was played by Anna Maxwell Martin in the first run and by Elaine Symons in the second.

In The Golden Compass, the film adaptation of the first book, Lyra is portrayed by twelve-year-old Dakota Blue Richards. British singer/songwriter Kate Bush wrote and recorded a song "Lyra" for the film which features choristers from Magdalen College School in Oxford.

See also

• List of His Dark Materials characters
• His Dark Materials
• Races and creatures in His Dark Materials
• Locations in His Dark Materials

References

1. "Dante's Purgatorio - Ante-Purgatory". danteworlds.laits.utexas.edu. Retrieved 2010-02-07.
2. Strauss, Walter A. "Dante's Belacqua and Beckett's Tramps", Comparative Literature Vol. 11, No. 3 (Summer 1959), University of Oregon, pp. 250-261.
3. "His Dark Materials Lantern Slides". www.hisdarkmaterials.org. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
4. "Audiobooks". www.bridgetothestars.net. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
5. "BBC radio 4". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 12 September 2013.