University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

MD Anderson Cancer Center
Geography
Location Houston, Texas, United States of America
Organisation
Care system Public
Hospital type Specialist
Affiliated university University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas A&M College of Medicine
Services
Emergency department Oncologic emergency center
Beds 631
Speciality Cancer
History
Founded 1941
Links
Website mdanderson.org

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (colloquially MD Anderson Cancer Center) is one of the original three comprehensive cancer centers in the United States established by the National Cancer Act of 1971.[1] It is both a degree-granting academic institution and a cancer treatment and research center located at the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas, United States. It is one of the few hospitals in the United States affiliated with two major research based medical schools: The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, which is a part of the larger University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, and Baylor College of Medicine.

As of 2015, MD Anderson Cancer Center was ranked #1 for cancer care in the "Best Hospitals" survey published in U.S. News & World Report.[2] MD Anderson is widely regarded as among the best cancer hospitals in the United States.[3]

MD Anderson was created by an act of the Texas Legislature in 1941, making it a part of The University of Texas System. Today it is one of 45 Comprehensive Cancer Centers designated by the National Cancer Institute. The cancer center provided care for about 127,000 patients in Fiscal Year 2014 and employs more than 20,000 people.[1] It has an endowment of $486 million as of November 30, 2014.[4]

History

The cancer center is named after Monroe Dunaway Anderson, a banker and cotton trader from Jackson, Tennessee. He was a member of a business partnership with his brother-in-law Will Clayton. Their company became the largest cotton company in the world. Anderson feared that in the event of one of the partners' deaths, the company would lose a large amount of money to estate tax and be forced to dissolve. To avoid this, Anderson created the MD Anderson Foundation with an initial sum of $300,000. In 1939 after Anderson's death, the foundation received $19 million.

In 1941 the Texas Legislature had appropriated $500,000 to build a cancer hospital and research center. The Anderson Foundation agreed to match funds with the state if the hospital were located in Houston in the Texas Medical Center (another project of the Anderson Foundation) and named after Anderson.[5]

Using surplus World War II Army barracks, the hospital operated for 10 years from a converted residence and 46 beds leased in a Houston hospital before moving to its current location in 1954.[5]

The institution became the subject of controversy in 2005, when it leased the use of its name to private investors who intended to promote a particular therapeutic approach, proton therapy. An article in the Houston Chronicle suggested that the arrangement between the Center and the investors might skew incentives, providing M.D. Anderson with non-medical reasons to "send as many patients as possible into the program."[6]

Organization

Mission

MD Anderson Cancer Center - Main Building

MD Anderson is focused on research on causes, treatments, and prevention of cancer, with the stated mission of "Making Cancer History." (Of note, the current logo is stylized as MD Anderson Cancer Center for this reason, with "Cancer" being lined through to signify this commitment.) In FY 2014, about 8,000 patients participated in therapeutic clinical research exploring novel treatments, making it the largest program of its kind in the United States.[1]

Status

Being part of The University of Texas System, MD Anderson Cancer Center is managed under a nonprofit structure; however, for-profit agreements[7][8] have caused some to question the motives of the center.[9][10][11][12]

MD Anderson enjoys university status by providing fellowship, internship and residency opportunities to Ph.D.s and medical professionals. The institution offers master's degrees and Ph.D.s to students enrolled in The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, which it operates with UT Health Science Center at Houston. Areas of study include: immunology, cancer biology, genes and development, molecular carcinogenesis, medical physics, biomathematics and biostatistics, experimental therapeutics, and virology and gene therapy.

T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower

Through its School of Health Professions, the cancer center also offers bachelor's degrees in nine allied health fields, including clinical laboratory science, cytogenetic technology, cytotechnology, diagnostic imaging, histotechnology, medical dosimetry, molecular genetic technology and radiation therapy. The school also offers a master of science in diagnostic genetics program.

Recognition

In addition to its No. 1 ranking in cancer care by U.S. News & World Report, the cancer center ranks first in the number of National Cancer Institute grants and invested more than $735 million in research in FY 2014. The cancer center also has received Magnet Nursing recognition[13] from the American Nurses Credentialing Center.

In May 1996, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) established the Collaborating Center for Supportive Cancer Care at the Pain Research Group, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center.[14] The terms of reference engage the Anderson Center in the development of palliative care programs throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.[15]

Leadership

MD Anderson has had four full-time presidents in its history:

Mendelsohn stepped down from his position on Sept. 1, 2011, when Ronald A. DePinho, M.D., became president.[16] Mendelsohn remains on the faculty as co-director of the new Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy.

The provost and executive vice president is Ethan Dmitrovsky, M.D.[17]

The executive vice president and physician-in-chief is Thomas Buchholz, M.D.[18]

The executive vice president for administration is Dan Fontaine, J.D.

The executive vice president for strategy and innovation is Leon Leach, Ph.D.[19]

Growth

Mid Campus Building 1

United States Growth

The cancer center continues to grow, increasing in size by 50% in the past 10 years. The complex now includes more than 600 inpatient beds, several research buildings and outpatient clinic buildings, two faculty office buildings, and a patient-family hotel in addition to other off-site facilities for clinical and research use.

Recently completed construction projects include two new research buildings on MD Anderson's South Campus and the addition of nine floors that can accommodate more than 300 new inpatient beds in Alkek Hospital on the North Campus.[20]

MD Anderson's first facility on its Mid Campus opened in 2011, and includes a 25-story building to support current office space and future growth needs.

Also in 2011 the Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Foundation gave $150 million to MD Anderson.[21] The new Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan Building for Personalized Cancer Care is an international center of clinical excellence focusing on using the latest advances in genetic information to develop safe, more effective treatments for patients on a case-by-case basis.

In 2012 the Houston Main Building (originally the Prudential Building) was demolished, with plans to redevelop the site. The building had originally been purchased by MD Anderson in 1974 for $18.5 million.[22][23]

Zayed Building for Personalized Cancer Care

International growth

In 2000 MD Anderson officials inaugurated MD Anderson International-España, its first international affiliation and Spain's first multidisciplinary full-service cancer center. Located in Madrid, the center offers access to many of the clinical trials offered at MD Anderson.

MD Anderson Cancer Center Madrid is a venture between MDA Holding Spain, S.A., a Spanish investment consortium, and the MD Anderson Outreach Corporation, a health care organization created in 1989 to open and expand access to MD Anderson's internationally recognized standard of cancer care. Funding was provided by participants in Madrid.[24]

In return for assisting with the development and operation of the Madrid facility, MD Anderson Outreach Corporation has a small equity and share in profits. Neither MD Anderson Cancer Center nor MD Anderson Outreach Corporation has invested any actual dollars in the project.

MD Anderson Outreach Corporation has two seats on the 11-member board of directors of MDA Holding Company. The two board seats have significant "reserve powers," which mandate that both representatives approve certain decisions such as those related to quality assurance.

Locations

Texas Medical Center

The Dan L. Duncan Building and Mays Clinic

MD Anderson Cancer Center is located at the Texas Medical Center in Houston.[25] The Texas Medical Center is the largest medical center in the world with one of the highest densities of clinical facilities for patient care, basic science, and translational research.

The MD Anderson campus is divided into the North Campus, Mid Campus and South Campus.[26]

Location marked as MDACC
MDACC
Location within Texas Medical Center

The North Campus includes: The Main Building, which comprises Alkek Hospital,[20] Bates-Freeman Building, Clark Clinic, Gimbel Building, Jones Research Building, LeMaistre Clinic, Love Clinic and Lutheran Hospital Pavilion. Other facilities on this campus are the Dan L. Duncan Building, Clinical Research Building, Faculty Center, Mays Clinic, Mitchell Basic Sciences Research Building, Pickens Academic Tower, Radiology Outpatient Center and Rotary House International. The T. Boone Pickens Academic Tower, a 21-story, 730,000-square-foot (68,000 m2) building, which opened in 2008, is named after T. Boone Pickens, who donated to the cancer center. It houses classrooms, conference facilities, and executive and faculty offices.[27]

The South Campus is home to the McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer,[28] which includes seven translational research centers focused on genomics, proteomics, screening, diagnostic imaging and drug development.

The Mid Campus building, a 25-story building to support current office space and future growth needs, opened in 2011.

Other locations

Within Greater Houston MD Anderson operates several regional care centers. They include:[25]

MD Anderson also has operations outside of Texas. The MD Anderson Radiation Treatment Center at Presbyterian Kaseman Hospital is located in the Presbyterian Kaseman Hospital in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[33] Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center in Gilbert, a city in the Greater Phoenix area of Arizona, opened in September 2011.[34] MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, located in Camden, New Jersey, opened in October 2013. Baptist MD Anderson Cancer Center in Jacksonville, Florida, opened in October 2015.[35]

In addition the MD Anderson Radiation Treatment Center in Istanbul at American Hospital is located in the Vehbi Koc Foundation (VKF) American Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey.[36]

Sister institutions

MD Anderson has formed sister institution relationships with more than 25 organizations in Asia, Europe, Central America and South America through its Global Academic Programs department.

Collaborations focus on research, prevention, education and patient care.[37]

MD Anderson Services Corporation

MD Anderson Services Corporation[38] (formerly MD Anderson Cancer Center Outreach Corporation[39]) was established in 1989 as a not-for-profit corporation to enhance revenues of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center by establishing joint ventures in selected markets, providing additional referrals to the institution, contracting for delivery of inpatient and out-patient management, using existing UT MD Anderson Cancer Center reference laboratory services, and fostering additional philanthropy in distant areas. MD Anderson Services Corporation is managed by a board of directors. Three of the directors, one of whom shall be a regent and two of whom shall be administrative officers of The University of Texas System, may be appointed by the Board of Regents. (Note that the MD Anderson Outreach Corporation entered in a for-profit agreement with MD Anderson International-España.)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Institutional Profile". M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
  2. ↑ "Best Hospitals: Cancer". US News and World Report. Retrieved July 15, 2014.
  3. ↑ {http://www.livestrong.com/article/121428-cancer-hospitals/}
  4. ↑ http://www.utimco.org/scripts/PrivateEndowInfo/complist.asp
  5. 1 2 "Who was M. D. Anderson? - M. D. Anderson Cancer Center". Retrieved March 20, 2009.
  6. ↑ Feldstein, Dan. "M.D. Anderson private venture raises questions Proton-therapy benefits at center won't merit costs of care, some say." Houston Chronicle. Retrieved on January 20, 2011.
  7. ↑ http://extranet.timesunion.com/hearsthonors/archive/winners_metro_oct05.html
  8. ↑ Feldstein, Dan (2005-11-23). "MD Anderson private venture raises questions: Proton-therapy benefits at center won't merit costs of care, some say". The Houston Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-04-16.
  9. ↑ http://hcrenewal.blogspot.com/2005/10/m-d-anderson-cancer-center-leases-its.html
  10. ↑ http://blogs.chron.com/sciguy/archives/2005/10/sunday_night_th.html
  11. ↑ Rubenstein, Sarah (April 28, 2008). "Hospitals to Patients: Pay Us Now, or We Won't Treat You". The Wall Street Journal.
  12. ↑ Martinez, Barbara (April 28, 2008). "Cash Before Chemo: Hospitals Get Tough". The Wall Street Journal.
  13. ↑ "Magnet Facilities: Health Care Organizations with Magnet-Designated Nursing Services". American Nurses Credentialing Center. July 7, 2006. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  14. ↑ About the Collaborating Center. http://www3.mdanderson.org/depts/prg/aboutcc.htm
  15. ↑ De Lima L1, Bruera E.The Pan American Health Organization: its structure and role in the development of a palliative care program for Latin America and the Caribbean.J Symptom Manage 2000 Dec;20(6):440-8.
  16. ↑ "Ronald A. DePinho, M.D.". The University of Texas System. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
  17. ↑ http://www.mdanderson.org/about-us/executive-committee/executive-committee.html accessdate August 26, 2013
  18. ↑ "Thomas Burke, M.D.". M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  19. ↑ "Leon J. Leach". M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  20. 1 2 "MD Anderson to Expand 12-Story Alkek Hospital"
  21. ↑ Ackerman, Todd. "M.D. Anderson receives $150 million gift." Houston Chronicle. January 18, 2011. Retrieved on January 20, 2011.
  22. ↑ Hoover, Kent. "Preservationists oppose plan to demolish historic building." Houston Business Journal. Friday March 29, 2002. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  23. ↑ Bell, Jim. "The Art Problem at M.D. Anderson." KUHF. April 22, 2008. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  24. ↑ Penne, Julie (July 15, 2000). "MD Anderson Cancer Center Unveils New Facility in Spain". Texas Medical Center NEWS. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  25. 1 2 "Locations." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  26. ↑ "New Construction." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. December 20, 2005. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  27. ↑ DeStefano, DeDe. "$50 Million Gift Sets Record for M. D. Anderson." Conquest at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Summer (northern hemisphere) 2007. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  28. ↑ "McCombs Institute"
  29. ↑ "Clinical Care Center in the Bay Area." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  30. ↑ "Clinical Care Center in Sugar Land." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  31. ↑ "Clinical Care Center in Katy." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  32. ↑ "Radiation Treatment Center in The Woodlands." University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  33. ↑ "MD Anderson Cancer Center Radiation Treatment Center at Presbyterian Kaseman Hospital." Presbyterian Kaseman Hospital. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  34. ↑ "MD Anderson Banner Cancer Center." Banner Health. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  35. ↑ https://www.mdanderson.org/about-md-anderson/our-locations.html
  36. ↑ Cancerwise Blogger. "M. D. Anderson in Istanbul, Turkey." University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. February 2, 2010. Retrieved on April 4, 2010.
  37. ↑ "Global Academic Programs ."
  38. ↑ "TABLE OF CONTENTS FOR HEALTH AFFAIRS COMMITTEE: Committee Meeting: 2/3/2004" (PDF). The University of Texas System. February 3, 2004. Retrieved October 15, 2007.
  39. ↑ "HEALTH AFFAIRS COMMITTEE: Committee Chairman Oxford" (DOC). The University of Texas System. August 9, 2001. Retrieved October 15, 2007.

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