MRPS21

Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB List of PDB id codes 3J9M​
Identifiers
Symbols	MRPS21 ; MDS016; MRP-S21; RPMS21
External IDs	OMIM: 611984 MGI: 1913542 HomoloGene: 45365 GeneCards: MRPS21 Gene
Gene ontology Molecular function • structural constituent of ribosome • poly(A) RNA binding Cellular component • mitochondrial inner membrane • mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit Biological process • translation • organelle organization • mitochondrial translation • mitochondrial translational initiation • mitochondrial translational elongation • mitochondrial translational termination Sources: Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
Species	Human	Mouse
Entrez	54460	66292
Ensembl	ENSG00000266472	ENSMUSG00000054312
UniProt	P82921	P58059
RefSeq (mRNA)	NM_018997	NM_078479
RefSeq (protein)	NP_061870	NP_510964
Location (UCSC)	Chr 1: 150.29 – 150.31 Mb	Chr 3: 95.86 – 95.87 Mb
PubMed search

28S ribosomal protein S21, mitochondrial is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MRPS21 gene.^[1][2]

Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and assist protein synthesis within the mitochondrion.^[1] Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins comprising the mitoribosome differ greatly in sequence, and sometimes in biochemical properties, which prevents easy recognition by sequence homology. This gene encodes a 28S subunit protein that belongs to the ribosomal protein S21P family.^[2] Pseudogenes corresponding to this gene are found on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 9p, 10p, 10q, 16q, and 17q.^[3] Available sequence data analyses identified splice variants that differ in the 5' UTR; both transcripts encode the same protein.^[4]

References

1. Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, Magoori M, Kuniba M, Higa S, Watanabe K, Tanaka T (September 2001). "The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders". Genomics 77 (1–2): 65–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6622. PMID 11543634.
2. Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, Moseley A, Spremulli LL (June 2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19363–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100727200. PMID 11279123.
3. Zhang Z, Gerstein M (May 2003). "Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome". Genomics 81 (5): 468–80. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1. PMID 12706105.
4. "Entrez Gene: MRPS21 mitochondrial ribosomal protein S21".

Further reading

Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.

• Zhang Z, Gerstein M (2003). "Identification and characterization of over 100 mitochondrial ribosomal protein pseudogenes in the human genome". Genomics 81 (5): 468–80. doi:10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00004-1. PMID 12706105.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Kenmochi N, Suzuki T, Uechi T, et al. (2001). "The human mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes: mapping of 54 genes to the chromosomes and implications for human disorders". Genomics 77 (1–2): 65–70. doi:10.1006/geno.2001.6622. PMID 11543634.
• Suzuki T, Terasaki M, Takemoto-Hori C, et al. (2001). "Proteomic analysis of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of protein components in the 28 S small subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (35): 33181–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M103236200. PMID 11402041.
• Cavdar Koc E, Burkhart W, Blackburn K, et al. (2001). "The small subunit of the mammalian mitochondrial ribosome. Identification of the full complement of ribosomal proteins present". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (22): 19363–74. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100727200. PMID 11279123.
• Yu W, Andersson B, Worley KC, et al. (1997). "Large-Scale Concatenation cDNA Sequencing". Genome Res. 7 (4): 353–8. doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174.
• Andersson B, Wentland MA, Ricafrente JY, et al. (1996). "A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction". Anal. Biochem. 236 (1): 107–13. doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474.