MSH5

MutS homolog 5
Identifiers
Symbols MSH5 ; G7; MUTSH5; NG23
External IDs OMIM: 603382 MGI: 1329021 HomoloGene: 8415 GeneCards: MSH5 Gene
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez 4439 17687
Ensembl ENSG00000204410 ENSMUSG00000007035
UniProt O43196 Q9QUM7
RefSeq (mRNA) NM_002441 NM_001146215
RefSeq (protein) NP_002432 NP_001139687
Location (UCSC) Chr 6:
31.74 – 31.76 Mb		 Chr 17:
35.03 – 35.05 Mb
PubMed search

MutS protein homolog 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSH5 gene.[1][2][3][4]

Function

This gene encodes a member of the mutS family of proteins that are involved in DNA mismatch repair or meiotic recombination processes. This protein is similar to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein that participates in meiotic segregation fidelity and crossing-over. This protein forms heterooligomers with another member of this family, mutS homolog 4. Alternative splicing results in four transcript variants encoding three different isoforms.[4]

Mutations

Mice homozygous for a null Msh5 mutation (Msh5-/-) are viable but sterile.[5] In these mice, the prophase I stage of meiosis is defective due to the disruption of chromosome pairing. This meiotic failure leads, in male mice, to diminution of testicular size, and in female mice, to a complete loss of ovarian structures.

A genetic investigation was performed to test women with premature ovarian failure for mutations in each of four meiotic genes.[6] Among 41 women with premature ovarian failure two were found to be heterozygous for a mutation in the MSH5 gene; among 34 fertile women (controls) no mutations were found in the four tested genes.

These findings in mouse and human indicate that the MSH5 protein plays an important role in meiotic recombination.

In the worm Caenorhabditis elegans, the MSH5 protein is required during meiosis both for normal spontaneous and for gamma-irradiation induced crossover recombination and chiasma formation.[7] Meiotic recombination is often initiated by double strand breaks. MSH5 mutants retain the competence to repair DNA double-strand breaks that are present during meiosis, but they accomplish this repair in a way that does not lead to crossovers between homologous chromosomes.[7] The known mechanism of non-crossover recombinational repair is called synthesis dependent strand annealing (see homologous recombination; see also Bernstein et al.[8]). MSH5 thus appears to be employed in directing the recombinational repair of some double-strand breaks towards the cross over option rather than the non-cross over option.

Interactions

MSH5 has been shown to interact with MSH4.[2][9][10]

References

  1. ↑ Her C, Doggett NA (Aug 1998). "Cloning, structural characterization, and chromosomal localization of the human orthologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". Genomics 52 (1): 50–61. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5374. PMID 9740671.
  2. 1 2 Winand NJ, Panzer JA, Kolodner RD (Oct 1998). "Cloning and characterization of the human and Caenorhabditis elegans homologs of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSH5 gene". Genomics 53 (1): 69–80. doi:10.1006/geno.1998.5447. PMID 9787078.
  3. ↑ Snowden T, Shim KS, Schmutte C, Acharya S, Fishel R (Jan 2008). "hMSH4-hMSH5 adenosine nucleotide processing and interactions with homologous recombination machinery". The Journal of Biological Chemistry 283 (1): 145–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M704060200. PMC 2841433. PMID 17977839.
  4. 1 2 "Entrez Gene: MSH5 mutS homolog 5 (E. coli)".
  5. ↑ Edelmann W, Cohen PE, Kneitz B, Winand N, Lia M, Heyer J, Kolodner R, Pollard JW, Kucherlapati R (Jan 1999). "Mammalian MutS homologue 5 is required for chromosome pairing in meiosis". Nature Genetics 21 (1): 123–7. doi:10.1038/5075. PMID 9916805.
  6. ↑ Mandon-Pépin B, Touraine P, Kuttenn F, Derbois C, Rouxel A, Matsuda F, Nicolas A, Cotinot C, Fellous M (Jan 2008). "Genetic investigation of four meiotic genes in women with premature ovarian failure". European Journal of Endocrinology / European Federation of Endocrine Societies 158 (1): 107–15. doi:10.1530/EJE-07-0400. PMID 18166824.
  7. 1 2 Kelly KO, Dernburg AF, Stanfield GM, Villeneuve AM (Oct 2000). "Caenorhabditis elegans msh-5 is required for both normal and radiation-induced meiotic crossing over but not for completion of meiosis". Genetics 156 (2): 617–30. PMC 1461284. PMID 11014811.
  8. ↑ Harris Bernstein, Carol Bernstein and Richard E. Michod (2011). Meiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptation for DNA Repair. DNA Repair, Dr. Inna Kruman (Ed). ISBN 978-953-307-697-3, InTech, Available from http://www.intechopen.com/books/dna-repair/meiosis-as-an-evolutionary-adaptation-for-dna-repair.
  9. ↑ Her C, Wu X, Griswold MD, Zhou F (Feb 2003). "Human MutS homologue MSH4 physically interacts with von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor-binding protein 1". Cancer Research 63 (4): 865–72. PMID 12591739.
  10. ↑ Bocker T, Barusevicius A, Snowden T, Rasio D, Guerrette S, Robbins D, Schmidt C, Burczak J, Croce CM, Copeland T, Kovatich AJ, Fishel R (Feb 1999). "hMSH5: a human MutS homologue that forms a novel heterodimer with hMSH4 and is expressed during spermatogenesis". Cancer Research 59 (4): 816–22. PMID 10029069.

Further reading

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