Maier's theorem

In number theory, Maier's theorem (Maier 1985) is a theorem about the numbers of primes in short intervals for which Cramér's probabilistic model of primes gives the wrong answer.

The theorem states that if π is the prime counting function and λ is greater than 1 then

\frac{\pi(x+(\log x)^\lambda)-\pi(x)}{(\log x)^{\lambda-1}}

does not have a limit as x tends to infinity; more precisely the lim sup is greater than 1, and the lim inf is less than 1. The Cramér model of primes predicts incorrectly that it has limit 1 when λ≥2 (using the Borel–Cantelli lemma).

Maier's theorem uses Buchstab's equivalent for the counting function of quasi-primes (set of numbers without prime factors lower to bound  z = x^{1/u} ,  u fixed). It also uses an equivalent of the number of primes in arithmetic progressions of sufficient length due to Gallagher.

Pintz (2007) gave another proof, and also showed that most probabilistic models of primes incorrectly predict the mean square error

\int_2^Y\left(\sum_{2<p\le x} \log p -\sum_{2<n\le x}1\right)^2\,dx

of one version of the prime number theorem.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Friday, December 12, 2014. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.