Major non-NATO ally

Major non-NATO ally
United States in greenMajor Non-NATO ally in orange
United States in green
Major Non-NATO ally in orange
HeadquartersWashington, D.C
Type Military alliances together with the United States
Members
Leaders
 •  President Barack Obama
 •  Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter
Establishment 1989

Major non-NATO ally (MNNA) is a designation given by the United States government to close allies who have strategic working relationships with U.S. Armed Forces but are not members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). While the MNNA status does not automatically include a mutual defense pact with the United States, it does confer a variety of military and financial advantages that otherwise are not obtainable by non-NATO countries.

History

MNNA status was first created in 1989 when section 2350a, otherwise known as the Nunn Amendment, was added to Title 10 (Armed Forces) of the United States Code by Congress.[1] It stipulated that cooperative research and development agreements could be enacted with non-NATO allies by the Secretary of Defense with the concurrence of the Secretary of State. Initial MNNAs were Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, and South Korea.

In 1996, major non-NATO allies received additional military and financial benefits when section 2321k was added to Title 22 (Foreign Relations) of the U.S. Code (also known as section 517 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961), which added MNNAs to many of the same exemptions from the Arms Export Control Act that were enjoyed by NATO members. It also authorized the President to designate a nation as an MNNA thirty days after notifying Congress.[2] When enacted, the statute designated Australia, Egypt, Israel, Japan, Jordan, New Zealand, and South Korea as major non-NATO allies.

U.S.-New Zealand strategic and military cooperation suffered a setback after the breakdown of the ANZUS alliance in 1984 over nuclear ship entry. The designation of New Zealand as an MNNA reflected the warming of relations between the two. In June 2012 New Zealand signed a partnership arrangement with NATO further strengthening and consolidating relations. In 2014, a bill was introduced to the United States Congress to grant major non-NATO ally status to Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. In May 2015, US President Barack Obama declared his intention to make Tunisia a non-NATO ally while hosting his Tunisian counterpart Beji Caid Essebsi at the White House

Benefits

Nations named as major non-NATO allies are eligible for the following benefits:

Major Strategic Partner

In December 2014 the US Congress passed the US—Israel Major Strategic Partner Act.[3] This new category is one notch above the Major Non-NATO Ally classification and adds additional support for defense, energy, and strengthen cooperation business and academics.[4] The bill additionally calls for the US to increase their war reserve stock in Israel US$1.8 billion.[5]

List of MNNAs

The following countries have been designated as major non-NATO allies of the United States (in order of their appointment):

Named by George H. W. Bush

South Korean soldiers and a U.S. Army officer monitor the Korean Demilitarized Zone in 2008.

Named by Bill Clinton

Named by George W. Bush

Named by Barack Obama

Other proposed MNNAs

Other states have been proposed as future major non-NATO allies. Following the 2014 Crimean Crisis, members of Congress proposed designating Ukraine, Moldova, and Georgia as major non-NATO allies.[18] During a 2015 Camp David summit with the Gulf Cooperation Council states, the Obama administration considered designating Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Qatar as MNNAs.[19]

References

  1. ↑ Title 10, section 2350a of U.S. Code
  2. 1 2 22 U.S.C. § 2321k
  3. ↑ Congress enshrines Israel in a new class of ally
  4. ↑ US Congress passes Israel strategic partnership bill
  5. ↑ US Congress passes Israel strategic partnership bill
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Hillary Clinton flies into Kabul as U.S. declares Afghanistan major non-NATO ally
  7. ↑ Scott Stearns (2012-07-07). "Afghanistan Designated Major US Ally During Clinton Visit to Kabul". Voanews.com. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
  8. ↑ ... represents our recognition of the importance of Argentina's leadership and cooperation in the field of international peacekeeping, notably during Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, in Haiti, in its role in supervising the peace between Peru and Ecuador, and in nearly a dozen other international peacekeeping efforts ...
  9. ↑ "Bahrain Joins Iran in Opposing Strike". Fox News. Associated Press. August 18, 2002. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Bush 'upgrades' Philippines". CNN. May 20, 2003. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  11. ↑ Despeignes, Peronet (October 20, 2003). "U.S. wants APEC agenda to include security issues". USA Today. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  12. ↑ "US tightens military relationship with Kuwait". Associated Press. January 15, 2004. Retrieved July 7, 2012. (subscription required)
  13. ↑ "US rewards Morocco for terror aid". BBC News. June 4, 2004. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  14. ↑ http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers10/paper959.html South Asia Analysis Group Archived April 24, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  15. ↑ "Hillary Clinton says Afghanistan 'major non-Nato ally'". BBC News. July 7, 2012. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
  16. ↑ http://www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2012/08/196675.htm Archived August 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  17. ↑ Designation of Tunisia as a Major Non-NATO Ally
  18. ↑ "US Congress passes Russia sanctions, arms for Ukraine". Yahoo News. 14 December 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  19. ↑ Toosi, Nahal (14 May 2015). "U.S. may raise Arab states to 'major' ally status". Politico. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
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