Makran Trench

The Makran Trench is the physiographic expression of a subduction zone which lies along the southwestern coast of Balochistan (Pakistan) and Iran, where the oceanic crust of the Arabian Plate is subducting beneath the continental crust of the Eurasian Plate.

Tectonics

In the Makran region, the Arabian Plate subducts beneath the Eurasian Plate at ~4 cm/yr. This subduction is associated with an accretionary wedge of sediments which has developed since the Cenozoic.[1] To the west, the Makran Trench is connected by the Minab Fault system to the Zagros fold and thrust belt.[2] To the east, the Makran Trench is bounded by the transpressional strike-slip Ornach-Nal and Chaman Faults, which connect to the Himalayan orogeny.

Fluids, gas and mud volcanoes

The Makran accretionary complex is characterized by a number of features associated with escaping water and methane. Mud volcanoes are found onshore in both Iran and Pakistan, and cold seeps exist offshore. The formation of an island (Zalzala Jazeera) after the 2013 Balochistan earthquakes is thought to be the result of a mud volcano.[3]

Earthquakes

See also

References

  1. ↑ Kopp, C.; Fruehn, E.; Flueh, E.; Reichert, C.; Kukowski, N; Bialas, J.; Klaeschen, D. (2000). "Structure of the Makran subduction zone from wide-angle and reflection seismic data". Tectonophysics 329: 171–191. doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(00)00195-5.
  2. ↑ Regard, V.; Hatzfeld, D.; Molinaro, M.; Aubourg, C.; Bayer, R.; Bellier, O.; Yamini-Fard, F.; Peyret, M.; Abbassi, M. (2010). "The transition between Makran subduction and the Zagros collision: recent advances in its structure and active deformation". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 330 (1): 43–64. doi:10.1144/SP330.4.
  3. ↑ "Satellites reveal new views of Pakistan's 'Earthquake Island'". NBC News. 1 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2013.


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