Malachi Jones (clergyman)

Malachi Jones (c.1651–1729) was an Anglo-Welsh clergyman and missionary active in late 17th and early 18th Century England and Pennsylvania. He is best known as the founder of Abington Presbyterian Church in Abington, Pennsylvania.

Jones in England

Jones was born 1651 or 1652, probably in England or Wales. His earliest recorded residence is in Clodock, a village in the Welsh Marches of Herefordshire, where he was employed as a tanner between 1693 and 1694.[1] He also served as a Dissenting preacher in "the welch part of Herefordshire" sometime after 1689.[2] His ministry was supported by the Congregational Fund in London, which provided Jones with at least four grants between 1697 and 1704 .[3] In or about 1682 Jones married, his wife Mary's surname is not recorded. The couple had several children,[4] including Samuel Jones, who became a notable educator.

Immigration to America

Between 1711 and 1713, Jones left England for America. One report has him in Abington, Pennsylvania in 1711.[5] However, another source indicates that in May 1713, a "Malachy Jones" sailed from Bristol bound for Pennsylvania aboard the frigate "Foy".[6] Other passengers on this voyage, such as one Sarah Abraham (possibly a resident of Clodock[7] and later a founding member of Abington Presbyterian Church)[8] appear to be associates of Jones. It is possible, therefore, that Jones returned to England at least once before permanently settling in Pennsylvania.

Most of Jones's children also immigrated to Pennsylvania at this time. One son, however, Samuel Jones remained in England, where he established a notable Dissenting Academy in Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, and is buried in Tewkesbury Abbey.[9]

Jones in America

Before emigrating to America, Jones had worked with the Congregational Fund in London, so it is likely that he originally came to Pennsylvania in order to establish Congregational churches on behalf of the Fund.[10] However, shortly after his arrival, he adopted Presbyterian principles, and was instrumental in organizing at least two churches under presbyterian governance.

In 1714 Jones organized and became the founding minister of Abington Presbyterian Church in Abington, Pennsylvania.[11] In addition to acting as minister, Jones also provided his house as a meeting place for the early church. Later, Jones furnished land from his farm "to build a House for the Publick Worship of God And also a place for Burying the Dead."[12] The church is still located within the property Jones provided.

In 1719, Jones helped to organize Bensalem Dutch Reformed Church (now Bensalem Presbyterian Church) in Bensalem, Pennsylvania.[13] Jones also served as supply pastor to other local Presbyterian and Dutch Reformed congregations, including Great Valley Presbyterian Church (another congregation Jones helped to establish[14]), Neshaminy-Warwick Presbyterian Church, North and South Hampton Dutch Reformed Church, Norriton Presbyterian Church,[15] and Neshaminy Dutch Reformed Church (now Addisville Reformed Church), whose Dutch speaking congregation knew as him the "Rev. Mallegie Jons".[16]

Jones served at Abington Presbyterian Church until his death in 1729. He seems also to have preached regularly at Bensalem Dutch Reformed Church, as well as the other churches he helped to organize, until his death.

Jones was also notably active in the early years of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, the first presbytery organized in the United States. Jones was among the first ministers of the newly founded Presbytery,[17] and his service helped guide its early development. In particular, his work on numerous committees contributed significantly to the success of the early presbytery.[18]

Jones was an irenic and conciliatory churchman who worked successfully among the diverse and at times conflicting ethnic and confessional groups within early American Presbyterianism.[19] These conflicts later became grave enough to result in the Old Side–New Side Controversy which divided the church shortly after Jones's death. Even amidst early signs of this division,[20] however, Jones successfully pastored mixed congregations of Welsh, English, Dutch, and Ulster Scots at Abington, Bensalem, and other churches.[21]

For example, Bensalem Dutch Reformed Church was formed, in part, by Dutch congregants of Abington Presbyterian who wished to found a church reflecting their distinctive linguistic and Dutch Reformed confessional heritage. Nevertheless, they, along with other Dutch Reformed churches where Jones preached, had no objection to the Welsh and originally Congregationalist Jones, and frequently requested his services in the early years their church.[22]

Moreover, Jones managed to work successfully within a presbytery often dominated by Scots and Ulster Scots Presbyterians who maintained stricter views of church governance and doctrine than Jones, who sought greater latitude in these matters.[23] Jones, along with many of his Welsh and English colleagues who shared with him the sometimes difficult experience of dissent from the established Church of England, found these stricter views uncomfortably reminiscent of the significant burdens under which Nonconformists such as Jones had labored in England. In Pennsylvania, Jones and his like minded colleagues were relieved to find that these burdens were either absent, or at least considerably less burdensome. Jones's Scottish colleagues, on the other hand, believed the ad hoc governing procedures and doctrinal uncertainty of the early Pennsylvania church to be an impediment to the church's mission. Their more favorable experience of the established Church of Scotland inclined them to welcome a degree of centralization that Jones and his colleagues found objectionable.[24][25]

Although relations within Jones's congregations were usually amicable, one rare instance of church discipline illustrates some of the difficulties facing a Colonial minister in what was still a lightly settled frontier region. In 1728 Jones and the session of the Neshaminy Church felt compelled to excommunicate one of their members after he was found guilty of a number of offenses: "1st, of being a notorious lyer; 2ly, a notorious swerer; 3ly, of cheating and Robbing whoever would give him any credit; 4ly, armed himself with weapons to kill and murder such as would come according to Law to demand their rights, whether in their own persons or by the King's officers, and thus Rebelling against the Government; 5ly, of Running away out of ye Province with other men's goods."[26]

It is not known if this prodigal was later reconciled, or continued, among his other offenses, to lie and swear. However, records of another excommunication carried out by Jones and the session of the Abington Church show that, after appealing to the Synod and seeking forgiveness, the Philadelphia Synod was willing to absolve and reinstate those who had strayed from the fold.[27]

Death and legacy

Jones died in 1729 and is buried at Abington Presbyterian Church Cemetery. After his death, his colleagues noted that he was "a good man, and did good."[28] His legacy includes his contribution to what is now the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) (PC(USA)) was well as his service to the individual churches he helped to establish, among which Abington Presbyterian, Bensalem Presbyterian, and Great Valley Presbyterian continue to this day as active congregations.

References

  1. ↑ "Lease for Lives, Forest Hene, Craswall, 1693 - 1694, Ewyas Lacy Study Group". The History of Ewyas Lacy. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  2. ↑ Thomas, Richard (1927). "The Religious Census of 1676. An Inquiry into Its Historical Value, Mainly in Reference to Wales.". Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion Cymmrodorion Society: 77.
  3. ↑ Briggs, Charles A. (1885). American Presbyterianism: Its Origin & Early History, Together with an App. of Letters & Documents, Many of Which Have Recently Been Discovered. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 7.
  4. ↑ "Publications of the Buffalo Historical Society" 6. Buffalo, New York: Buffalo Historical Society. 1903: 521.
  5. ↑ Baggs, Captain Nicholas (1914). History of Abington Presbyterian Church, Abington, Pa. Abington, PA: Abington Presbyterian Church.
  6. ↑ Public Record Office (n.d.). Exchequer K. R. Port Books. E190/1173/1. London: Swift.
  7. ↑ "Clodock". Longtown Historical Society Archive. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  8. ↑ Baggs, Captain Nicholas (1914). History of Abington Presbyterian Church, Abington, Pa. Abington, PA: Abington Presbyterian Church.
  9. ↑ Wykes, David. "Jones, Samuel (1681/2–1719)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 17 November 2014.
  10. ↑ Briggs, Charles A. (1885). American Presbyterianism: Its Origin & Early History, Together with an App. of Letters & Documents, Many of Which Have Recently Been Discovered. New York: C. Scribner's Sons. p. 7.
  11. ↑ Benson, Louis F. (1916). "Record of New Publications". Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society 8 (7): 332.
  12. ↑ "History of Abington Presbyterian Church". Abington Presbyterian Church. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  13. ↑ Battle, J. H. (1887). History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania including an Account of Its Original Exploration, Its Relation to the Settlements of New Jersey and Delaware, Its Erection into a Separate County, Also Its Subsequent Growth and Development ; with Sketches of Its Historic and Interesting Localities, and Biographies of Many of Its Representative Citizens. Philadelphia: A. Warner. p. 84.
  14. ↑ "Reports upon the Early History of the Presbyterian Churches: Great Valley, Charleston, and Westchester". Journal of Presbyterian History 2 (5): 332. 1904.
  15. ↑ Klett, Guy Soulliard (1937). Presbyterians in Colonial Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 48.
  16. ↑ Hinke, Wm. J. (1901). "Church Record of Neshaminy and Bucks County, 1710-1738". Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society 1 (1): 129.
  17. ↑ White, William P. (1916). "Presbyteries Organized in Philadelphia". Journal of the Presbyterian Historical Society 8 (7): 91.
  18. ↑ Steel, R (1856). "History of Abington Presbyterian Church, Pennsylvania". The Presbyterian Magazine 6: 81.
  19. ↑ Hodge, Charles (1839). The Constitutional History of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. Philadelphia. Philadelphia: William S. Martien. p. 168.
  20. ↑ LeBeau, Bryan F. (1997). Jonathan Dickinson and the Formative Years of American Presbyterianism. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. p. 27.
  21. ↑ Hanna, Charles (1902). The Scotch-Irish or the Scot in North Britain, North Ireland, and North America. (Vol. 2 ed.). New York. p. 15.
  22. ↑ Battle, J. H. (1887). History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania including an Account of Its Original Exploration, Its Relation to the Settlements of New Jersey and Delaware, Its Erection into a Separate County, Also Its Subsequent Growth and Development ; with Sketches of Its Historic and Interesting Localities, and Biographies of Many of Its Representative Citizens. Philadelphia: A. Warner. p. 484.
  23. ↑ Schlenther, B. S. (1990). ""The English is Swallowing up Their Language": Welsh Ethnic Ambivalence in Colonial Pennsylvania in the Experience of David Evans". The Pennsylvania Magazine of History & Biography 114 (2): 209.
  24. ↑ Butler, Jon (1978). "Power, Authority, and the Origins of American Denominational Order: The English Churches in the Delaware Valley, 1680-1730". Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 68 (2): 64. doi:10.2307/1006282.
  25. ↑ Bauman, Michael (1998). "Jonathan Dickinson and the Subscription Controversy". Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 41 (3): 455.
  26. ↑ Battle, J. H. (1881). History of Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: A. Warner. p. 484.
  27. ↑ Baird, Samuel J. (1855). A Collection of the Acts, Deliverances and Testimonies of the Supreme Judicatory of the Presbyterian Church from Its Origin in America to the Present Time: With Notes and Documents Explanatory and Historical: Constituting a Complete Illustration of Her Polity, Faith, and History. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication. p. 118.
  28. ↑ Hodge, Charles (1839). The Constitutional History of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America. Philadelphia. Philadelphia: William S. Martien. p. 196.

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