Malaysian plover
| Malaysian plover | |
|---|---|
 | |
| male | |
 | |
| female | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Charadriiformes |
| Family: | Charadriidae |
| Genus: | Charadrius |
| Species: | C. peronii |
| Binomial name | |
| Charadrius peronii Schlegel, 1865 | |
The Malaysian plover (Charadrius peronii) is a small (ca. 35–42 g) wader that nests on beaches and salt flats in Southeast Asia.
Description
The Malaysian plover is 15 cm (5.9 in) in length. The male can be recognized by a thin black band around the neck; the female has a thin brown band. Its legs are pale. Its voice is a soft twit.[2]
Reproduction
The Malaysian plover lays two to five (mode of three) cryptic eggs on small scrapes on beaches. The eggs are incubated by both the male and female for about 30 days, and then both parents care for the precocial chicks until they can fly after about 30 more days . In Thailand, it may lay multiple clutches after successful or failed clutching during the breeding season which begins in late March and may last until September. It feeds on invertebrates on the beaches and mudflats.[3]
Conservation status
This species is classified as near-threatened[1] with about 10,000 individuals. They are thought to be declining because of infrastructure development and human disturbance. Increased human use of important beach habitat may cause trampling of eggs or chicks and also force adults off of nests so that eggs and chicks are vulnerable to heat stress. A study in the Gulf of Thailand suggested that the conversion of short, shrubby, dense vegetation into sparse Casuarina forests as well as the creation of sea walls that prevent chicks from moving between foraging areas on the mudflat and hiding habitats in the vegetation behind the beaches, could reduce habitat quality for Malaysian plovers.
Sandy tropical beaches have tremendous economic value and as a result there has been intensive development pressure on the remaining Malaysian plover habitats in Thailand. This is likely to continue as the Thai economy continues to improve from the Asian financial crisis and the domestic tourist market expands. The main remaining large populations of Malaysian plovers in Thailand are in Khao Sam Roi Yot National Park (Thailand's first marine protected area), and beaches around Bonok village both in Prachuap Khiri Khan province and Laem Phak Bia in Petchburi province. Bonok made headlines in the Thai and international media when a prominent environmental activist (Charoen Wataksorn) who helped to protect one of these undeveloped beaches from the construction of a coal power plant, was murdered after protesting against illegal land grabs on one of these beaches.[4] The construction of a seawall in 2005 in Laem Phak Bia (a sandy, 1 km (.62 mi) long spit in Petchburi province) is likely to have significantly altered the habitat.
A study published in 2006 attempted to assess the impact of tourism on the species through a large-scale survey in Prachuap Khiri Khan and Petchburi, Thailand; 193 adults and 191 chicks were color-banded as part of the study.[5] The study concluded that "tourism development on Thai beaches affects both habitat availability and productivity of Malaysian plovers by enhancing beach erosion rates, converting medium vegetation into tall monocultures and intensifying human disturbance. These direct effects of habitat loss may be exacerbated by density-dependent reductions in productivity."[5]
Footnotes
- 1 2 BirdLife International (2012). "Charadrius peronii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
- ↑ Strange, Morten (2003). A Photographic Guide to the Birds of Indonesia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 99. ISBN 0-691-11495-1.
- ↑ MAÏ YASUÉ. Marine Protected Areas Research Group. geog.uvic.ca
- ↑ Tribute to Charoen Wataksorn, a Thai hero for the planet. Greenpeace Southeast Asia, June 20, 2005
- 1 2 Yasué, M.; Dearden, P. (2006). "The potential impact of tourism development on habitat availability and productivity of Malaysian plovers Charadrius peronii". Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (5): 978–989. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2664.2006.01204.x.
References
- Parr, J. W. K., Mahannop, N., Charoensiri, V. (2009). "Khao Sam Roi Yot – one of the world's most threatened parks". Oryx 27 (4): 245. doi:10.1017/S0030605300028167..
- Yasué, M. Dearden, P. (2006). "The effects of heat stress, predation risk and parental investment on Malaysian plover nest return times following a human disturbance" (PDF). Biological Conservation 132 (4): 472. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.04.038.
- Yasué, M. Dearden, P. (2006). "Simultaneous biparental incubation of two nests by a pair of Malaysian plovers" (PDF). Wader Study Group Bulletin 109: 121–122.
- Yasué, M. Dearden, P. (2007). "Parental sex roles of Malaysian plovers during territory acquisition, incubation and chick-rearing". Journal of Ethology 26: 99. doi:10.1007/s10164-007-0034-3.