Maniben Kara

Maniben Kara
Born 1905
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Died 1979
Occupation Social worker, trade unionist
Awards Padma Shri

Maniben Kara (1905-1979)[1] was an Indian social worker and trade unionist.[2] She was a founder member of the Hind Mazdoor Sabha and served as its president.[3] She was honoured by the Government of India in 1970 with Padma Shri, the fourth highest Indian civilian award.[4]

Biography

Born in 1905 in Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra in a middle class family to an Arya Samaj member, Maniben Kara did her schooling at St. Columba High School, Gamdevi, Mumbai and secured a diploma in Social science from the University of Birmingham.[5] Returning to India in 1929, she got involved with the Independence movement, founded Seva Mandir and a printing press and published Independent India,[6] a nationalist publication for the Indian revolutionary, M. N. Roy.[5] Later, she was known to have been influenced by Narayan Malhar Joshi, one of the early leaders of the All India Trade Union Congress,[7] and started involving in trade union activism.[5] Her area of operations was at the slums of Mumbai, the dwelling place of many of the conservancy workers of the Bombay Improvement Trust.[5] She established a Mothers' Club and a Healthcare Centre and spread the message of hygiene and literacy among the sul dwellers.[5]

The next stage of her work started with organizing workers' unions at Mumbai port and dockyard which later expanded to cover the tailors and textile workers.[5] She joined the All India Trade Union Congress, the trade union arm of the Communist Party of India, and led several labour strikes which led to her arrest and solitary confinement in 1932.[5] She continued her activities through the days of Indian freedom struggle and was nominated to the Central Legislative Assembly in 1946, entrusted with the responsibility of the labour ministry.[5] Post Independence, she was a key member when the Hind Mazdoor Sabha was formed in 1948[8] and was also involved with the All India Railwaymen’s Federation and was its former president.[9] She was also a founding member of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)[5] and was involved with government committees such as National Committee on the Status of Women[10] and other government initiatives.[11]

Maniben Kara, who never contested in a political election,[12] was honoured by the Government of India with the civilian award of Padma Shri in 1970. Nine years later, she died, at the age of 74.[5] Hind Mazdoor Sabha honoured her by establishing an institute in her name, the Maniben Kara Institute (MKI), in 1980.[3] The Western Railways Union started a trust in her honour, the Maniben Kara Foundation,[13] and maintains the Maniben Kara Foundation Hall, in Grant Road area in Mumbai.[14]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Sushila Nayar, Kamla Mankekar (Editors) (2003). Women Pioneers In India's Renaissance. National Book Trust, India. p. 469. ISBN 81-237-3766 1.
  2. ↑ Geraldine Hancock Forbes (1999). Women in Modern India, Volume 4. Cambridge University Press. p. 290. ISBN 9780521653770.
  3. 1 2 "Labour Rights". Labour Rights. 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  4. ↑ "Padma Shri" (PDF). Padma Shri. 2015. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "Stree Shakti". Stree Shakti. 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  6. ↑ "Independent India". Hathi Trust. 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  7. ↑ "N. M. Joshi". The Hindu. 31 May 1955. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  8. ↑ Richard L. Park (August 1949). "Labor and Politics in India". Far Eastern Review 18 (16): 181–187.
  9. ↑ "AIRF". AIRF. 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  10. ↑ "National Committee on the Status of Women" (PDF). ICSSR. 2015. Retrieved May 15, 2015.
  11. ↑ "Inflibnet" (PDF). Inflibnet. 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  12. ↑ Bela Rani Sharma (1998). Women's Rights and World Development. Sarup and sons. p. 383. ISBN 9788176250153.
  13. ↑ "Maniben Kara Foundation". Indiacom. 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.
  14. ↑ "Maniben Kara Foundation Hall". Mojo Street. 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2015.


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