March 1924

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The following events occurred in March 1924:

March 1, 1924 (Saturday)

• The Nixon Nitration Works disaster killed at least 18 people and destroyed several miles of New Jersey factories.
• The Communist Party of Germany was legally reinstated.^[1] It had been banned in November 1923 after it tried to launch a general strike.^[2]
• Alice's Day at Sea was the first film in Walt Disney's Alice Comedies series to be shown theatrically.
• Born: Deke Slayton, astronaut, in Sparta, Wisconsin (d. 1993)

March 2, 1924 (Sunday)

• Cardinal Désiré-Joseph Mercier of Belgium issued a pastoral letter calling on Belgians to help their government restore the country's finances. The letter urged women to give up silk hosiery because its import helped in the depreciation of the Belgian franc, and accused Germany of systematically ruining its own currency in order to defraud its creditors.^[3]
• Public vehicles were allowed into London's Hyde Park for the first time since 1636.^[4]

March 3, 1924 (Monday)

• Shefqet Vërlaci became the new Prime Minister of Albania due to Ahmet Zogu's serious injury in the assassination attempt of February 23.^[5]
• The Turkish National Assembly formally abolished the Caliphate.^[6]
• Sean O'Casey's drama Juno and the Paycock opened at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin.^[7]
• Born: Lys Assia, singer and first winner of the Eurovision Song Contest, in Aargau, Switzerland; Tomiichi Murayama, Prime Minister of Japan, in Ōita, Japan; Lilian Velez, actress and singer, in Cebu City, Philippines (d. 1948); John Woodnutt, actor, in London, England (d. 2006)

March 4, 1924 (Tuesday)

• A magnitude 7.0 earthquake hit Orotina, Costa Rica, killing 70.^[8]
• Born: Kenneth O'Donnell, aide to President John F. Kennedy, in Worcester, Massachusetts (d. 1977)

March 5, 1924 (Wednesday)

• Just two days after Turkey abolished the caliphate, Sharif Husyan proclaimed himself Caliph of all Muslims. The response throughout the Muslim world was mostly negative.^[9]

March 6, 1924 (Thursday)

• The 2nd government of Turkey began.

March 7, 1924 (Friday)

• Rebels surrendered all over Mexico as President Álvaro Obregón offered an amnesty.^[10]
• Born: Kōbō Abe, writer, in Kita, Tokyo, Japan (d. 1993)
• Died: Pat Moran, 48, American baseball player

March 8, 1924 (Saturday)

• The Castle Gate Mine disaster occurred near Castle Gate, Utah. All 171 miners were killed in two explosions.^[11]
• Inventor Nikola Tesla spoke out for the first time in years, announcing he had perfected a system of transmitting power without wires.^[12]

March 9, 1924 (Sunday)

• The French Cabinet held an emergency meeting to consider extraordinary measures to stabilize the collapsing franc,^[13] which dropped to 117 against the British pound.^[4]
• Died: Panagiotis Danglis, 70 or 71, Greek military leader and politician

March 10, 1924 (Monday)

• Edwin Denby resigned as Secretary of the Navy over the Teapot Dome scandal. By quitting before he could be fired, he said he was "dying with my face toward the enemy."^[14]
• France obtained a $50 million credit from American banks and a £5 million credit from London to stabilize the franc.^[15][16]
• The U.S. Supreme Court upheld a New York state statute banning late-night working for women on grounds of health.^[17]
• Died: Rafael López Gutiérrez, 68 or 69, President of Honduras

March 11, 1924 (Tuesday)

• The worst Atlantic gale in twenty years hit the east coast of the United States, downing telephone and telegraph lines and killing nine.^[18]
• Born: Bill Ezinicki, hockey player, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (d. 2012)

March 12, 1924 (Wednesday)

• Adolfo de la Huerta, leader of the failed Mexican rebellion against President Álvaro Obregón, went into exile to Florida.^[19]

March 13, 1924 (Thursday)

• German Chancellor Wilhelm Marx dissolved the Reichstag ahead of a general election to be held on May 4.^[20]

March 14, 1924 (Friday)

• A League of Nations committee spearheaded by American diplomat Norman Davis reached a settlement on the question of the administration of the Klaipėda Region (Memelland in German), leading to the signing of the Klaipėda Convention two months later.^[21]
• Fighting broke out in Honduras in the wake of the death of President Rafael López Gutiérrez, initiated by rebels who opposed the new President Francisco Bueso.^[22]

March 15, 1924 Saturday)

• King Victor Emmanuel III of Italy gave the warrior-poet Gabriele D'Annunzio the title of Prince of Monte Novoso.^[23]
• England beat Scotland 19-0 to clinch a perfect 4-0 record in the Five Nations Championship rugby tournament and complete a Grand Slam.
• Kenya held a legislative election, the first under its new Constitution.
• Born: Walter Gotell, actor, in Bonn, Germany (d. 1997)
• Died: Daniel Ridgway Knight, 84, American artist

March 16, 1924 (Sunday)

• Italy formally annexed Fiume in a colorful ceremony. Crowds cheered as King Victor Emmanuel III read the annexation decree.^[24]
• Born: Wolfgang Kieling, 61, German actor
• Died: Robert Lincoln Poston, 33, African-American newspaper editor and journalist (lobar pneumonia)

March 17, 1924 (Monday)

• Athlone Town defeated Fordsons 1-0 to win the Football Association of Ireland Cup.
• France defeated Sweden 2-1 to win the Ice Hockey European Championship.

March 18, 1924 (Tuesday)

• The swashbuckling film The Thief of Bagdad, starring Douglas Fairbanks, was released.^[4]

March 19, 1924 (Wednesday)

• Winston Churchill of the Constitutionalists lost the Westminster Abbey by-election by 43 votes to Unionist candidate Otho Nicholson.
• Died: Nathan Clifford Ricker, 80, American professor and architect

March 20, 1924 (Thursday)

• The Virginia General Assembly passed the Racial Integrity Act, enforcing the one-drop rule.^[25]
• Died: Carl Hertz, 64, American magician

March 21, 1924 (Friday)

• A British soldier was killed and 21 wounded at Queenstown, Ireland when four men in a motor car dressed as Irish army officers drove past the destroyer HMS HMS Scythe (1918) (Scythe) and opened fire with a machine gun.^[26]
• London drivers of trams and public buses went on strike.^[27]
• Born: Harry Lehmann, physicist, in Güstrow, Germany (d. 1998)

March 22, 1924 (Saturday)

• The ocean liner RMS Olympic collided with the smaller liner Fort St George in New York City. The damage required repairs to the extent of which had never been attempted on a ship the size of Olympic before.^[28]
• Born: Ivan Minatti, poet, in Slovenske Konjice, Kingdom of Yugoslavia (d. 2012); Yevgeny Ostashev, test pilot of rocket and space complexes, in Maly Vasilyev, USSR (d. 1960)
• Died: Louis Delluc, 33, French filmmaker; Robert Nivelle, 67, French military commander

March 23, 1924 (Sunday)

• Benito Mussolini presided over a Fascist parade in Rome commemorating the fifth anniversary of the founding of the Fasci Italiani da Combattimento. Mussolini's commemorative speech doubled as a campaign speech for the upcoming general election as he listed his government's accomplishments.^[29]

March 24, 1924 (Monday)

• The U.S. House of Representatives voted to appropriate $10 million for the purchase of food supplies for poor women and children in Germany.^[30]
• The films Secrets, starring Norma Talmadge, and The Enchanted Cottage starring Richard Barthelmess and May McAvoy were released.
• The Portuguese football club Sport Benfica e Castelo Branco was founded.
• Born: Norman Fell, actor, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (d. 1998)
• Died: Prince Kachō Hirotada of Japan, 22

March 25, 1924 (Tuesday)

• Greek Parliament voted to depose King George II and declare Greece a republic.^[4] A public referendum on the issue was set for April 13.
• The Montreal Canadiens defeated the Calgary Tigers 3-0 to win the Stanley Cup, two games to none in a best-of-three series.
• Born: Roberts Blossom, actor and poet, in New Haven, Connecticut (d. 2011)

March 26, 1924 (Wednesday)

• French Prime Minister Raymond Poincaré resigned after his government was defeated in the Chamber of Deputies by a vote of 271 to 264. The confidence vote was a complete surprise and Poincaré was not even present, as he was in a committee meeting when it was announced and voted on.^[31]
• Over 100 died in landslides around Amalfi, Italy.^[32][33]

March 27, 1924 (Thursday)

• Raymond Poincaré accepted President Alexandre Millerand's request to form a new government.^[31]
• Erich Ludendorff and Adolf Hitler made their final addresses as their trial for treason wound down in Munich. Ludendorff blamed a lack of spirit for Germany's defeat in the war, saying, "I thought German men and women loved their country. They failed to. The only men willing to fight for the liberty of their nation are with me on the bench of the accused."^[34] Hitler explained that he was "resolved to be the destroyer of Marxism" and that the Nazis "wanted to create order in the state", rhetorically asking, "is what we wanted high treason?"^[35]
• Born: Sarah Vaughan, jazz singer, in Newark, New Jersey (d. 1990); Herbert Zangs, artist, in Krefeld, Germany (d. 2003)

March 28, 1924 (Friday)

• U.S. Attorney General Harry M. Daugherty resigned over the Teapot Dome scandal.^[4]
• Born: Freddie Bartholomew, child actor, in London, England (d. 1992)

March 29, 1924 (Saturday)

• A proposed settlement in the London tram and bus drivers' strike was submitted to union delegates. A vote was set for Monday.^[36]
• Jews in Bucharest were targeted by rioters in nighttime attacks that continued into the next morning. Students attacked Jews in the streets, smashed the windows of Jewish-owned shops and cheered for Henry Ford as they distributed his portrait and reprints of his antisemetic literature until they were dispersed by soldiers. The reason for the violence was the opening of a trial of six students who were accused of plotting to kill a Jewish newspaper owner as well as a leading Romanian banker and his associates who were accused by the protestors of selling out to Jewish interests.^[37]
• Died: Charles Villiers Stanford, 71, Irish composer, conductor and teacher

March 30, 1924 (Sunday)

• The German People's Party announced in its election platform that it stood for a "new democratic monarchy". One of their election slogans was, "We are fighting under the colours of the black, white and red".^[38]
• Flooding in the U.S. states of Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Maryland killed 8 and did extensive damage.^[39]
• The historical drama film Beau Brummel, starring John Barrymore, was released.
• Born: Alan Davidson, food writer, in Derry, Northern Ireland (d. 2003)

March 31, 1924 (Monday)

• The London tram and bus drivers' strike ended.^[40]
• The air transport company Imperial Airways was founded.

References

1. Serge, Victor (2011). Witness to the German Revolution. Chicago: Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-608-46172-1.
2. Ceplair, Larry (1987). Under the Shadow of War: Fascism, Anti-Fascism, and Marxists, 1918–1939. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 49. ISBN 0-231-06532-9.
3. Sheean, Vincent (March 3, 1924). "Cardinal Asks Belgian Women to Ban Silk Hose". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 10.
4. Mercer, Derrik (1989). Chronicle of the 20th Century. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. pp. 316–317. ISBN 9-780582-039193.
5. Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania (2nd Ed.). Plymouth: Scarecrow Press. p. 105. ISBN 0810861887.
6. "Turkey Votes to Depose Caliph; Harem Packs Up". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 4, 1924. p. 5.
7. "Juno and the Paycock". PlayographyIreland. Dublin: Irish Theatre Institute. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
8. Baker, Garland M. (October 12, 2009). "Preparation lacking for those inevitable earthquakes". A.M. Costa Rica. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
9. Brown, L. Carl (2000). Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-231-12038-9.
10. "Mexican Revolt Ends as Obregon Offers Amnesty". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 8, 1924. p. 5.
11. "1924: Castle Gate Mine Explosion". Utah Division of State History. State of Utah. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
12. "Tesla Invents Plan to Transmit Power by Wireless System". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 9, 1924. p. 5.
13. Wales, Henry (March 10, 1924). "French Rulers Plan Desperate Aid to Francs". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 2.
14. Henning, Arthur Sears (March 11, 1924). "Gusher of Oil Bubbles Up in Senate Derrick". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
15. "France Obtains $50,000,000 to Bolster Franc". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 11, 1924. p. 1.
16. Steele, John (March 12, 1924). "British Plesge $21,500,000 Aid to Help Save Falling Franc". Chicago Daily Tribune: 3.
17. "Radice v. New York". US Supreme Court. Justia. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
18. "Worst Gale in Years batters East; 9 Killed". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 12, 1924. p. 3.
19. "Mexico (1906–present)". University of Central Arkansas. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
20. Clayton, John (March 14, 1924). "Socialism in Germany Dies; Reichstag Shut". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
21. "Yankee Settles Memel Issue". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 15, 1924. p. 7.
22. "Rebels Put New Honduran Rule to Wild Flight". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 20, 1924. p. 13.
23. "Italian King Makes D'Annunzio Prince of Monte Novoso". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 16, 1924. p. 5.
24. "Mussolini Made "Consul of King" For Fiume Fete". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 17, 1924. p. 15.
25. Floyd, Jami (February 10, 2011). "Opinion: Why One Drop Matters". WNYC. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
26. Clothier, John. "The Moon Car". Rolls-Royce Enthusiasts Club. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
27. "5,000,000 Must Walk as London Bus and Tram Strike Begins". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 22, 1924. p. 3.
28. Goossens, Reuben. "RMS Olympic". SS Maritime. Retrieved January 16, 2015.
29. "Mussolini Says Fascism Has Put Italy on Feet". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 24, 1924. p. 5.
30. "House Votes $10,000,000 German Relief". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 25, 1924. p. 1.
31. Wales, Henry (March 27, 1924). "Poincaré to Take Reins of France Again". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
32. "Landslides Kill 73 in Italy; Rush to Rescue Yanks". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 27, 1924. p. 1.
33. "Landslide at Beauty Spot of Italy Kills Hundred". Chicago Daily Tribune: 3. March 28, 1924.
34. Schultz, Sigrid (March 28, 1924). "Ludendorff, at Bay, Denounces Passive Nation". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
35. Childers, Thomas (1983). The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919–1933. University of North Carolina Press. p. 57. ISBN 0-8078-1570-5.
36. Steele, John (March 30, 1924). "Londoners Must Keep on Walking Two Days More". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 13.
37. Fendrick, Raymond (March 31, 1924). "Stones for Jews, Cheers for Ford in Bucharest". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 12.
38. Schultz, Sigrid (March 31, 1924). "German People's Party Boosts for Monarchy". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 5.
39. "East Flooded; Eight Killed; Millions Lost". Chicago Daily Tribune. March 31, 1924. p. 5.
40. "Monday, 31 March 1924". Takemeback. Retrieved January 16, 2015.